The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Characterization of Resistant Hypertension<subtitle>Association Between Resistant Hypertension, Aldosterone, and Persistent Intravascular Volume Expansion</subtitle>
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Resistant hypertension is a common clinical problem and greatly increases the risk of target organ damage. METHODS: We evaluated the characteristics of 279 consecutive patients with resistant hypertension (uncontrolled despite the use of 3 antihypertensive agents) and 53 control subjects (with normotension or hypertension controlled by using <or=2 antihypertensive medications). Participants were prospectively examined for plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, aldosterone to renin ratio, brain-type natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide, and 24-hour urinary aldosterone (UAldo), cortisol, sodium, and potassium values while adhering to a routine diet. RESULTS: Plasma aldosterone (P < .001), aldosterone to renin ratio (P < .001), 24-hour UAldo (P = .02), brain-type natriuretic peptide (P = .007), and atrial natriuretic peptide (P = .001) values were higher and plasma renin activity (P = .02) and serum potassium (P < .001) values were lower in patients with resistant hypertension vs controls. Of patients with resistant hypertension, men had significantly higher plasma aldosterone (P = .003), aldosterone to renin ratio (P = .02), 24-hour UAldo (P < .001), and urinary cortisol (P < .001) values than women. In univariate linear regression analysis, body mass index (P = .01), serum potassium (P < .001), urinary cortisol (P < .001), urinary sodium (P = .02), and urinary potassium (P < .001) values were correlated with 24-hour UAldo levels. Serum potassium (P = .001), urinary potassium (P < .001), and urinary sodium (P = .03) levels were predictors of 24-hour UAldo levels in multivariate modeling. CONCLUSIONS: Aldosterone levels are higher and there is evidence of intravascular volume expansion (higher brain-type and atrial natriuretic peptide levels) in patients with resistant hypertension vs controls. These differences are most pronounced in men. A significant correlation between 24-hour urinary aldosterone levels and cortisol excretion suggests that a common stimulus, such as corticotropin, may underlie the aldosterone excess in patients with resistant hypertension.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Among 279 patients with RH, brain natriuretic peptide was higher and PRA was lower than in control patients, supporting a component of relative volume excess (although 24-hour urinary sodium levels were not increased).159”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [159]
In the citing paper
“among patients with resistant hypertension (n = 279, 52% women) and normotensive controls (n = 53, 45% women), women exhibited significantly lower plasma and urinary aldosterone levels than men [ 122 ].”
From Sex differences in potassium regulation: evidence, molecular mechanisms and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [122]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Chobanian, A. V. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2560 · Cited by 25,386
Chobanian, A. V., Bakris, G. L., Black, H. R., Cushman, W. C., Green, L. A., Izzo, J. L., Jones, D. W., Materson, B. J., Oparil, S., Wright, J. T., et al. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000107251.49515.c2 · Cited by 13,271
Hajjar, I. M. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.2.199 · Cited by 2,399
Pepine, C. J., Handberg, E. M., Cooper‐DeHoff, R. M., Marks, R. G., Kowey, P. R., Messerli, F. H., Mancia, G., Cangiano, J. L., García-Barreto, D., Keltai, M., et al. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.21.2805 · Cited by 1,278
Cushman, W. C., Ford, C. E., Cutler, J. A., Margolis, K. L., Davis, B. R., Grimm, R. H., Black, H. R., Hamilton, B. P., Holland, J., Nwachuku, C., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2002.02045.x · Cited by 979
Hyperaldosteronism Among Black and White Subjects With Resistant Hypertension
Calhoun, D. A., Nishizaka, M. K., Zaman, M. A., Thakkar, R. B., & Weissmann, P. (2002) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000040261.30455.b6 · Cited by 763
Black, H. R. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.16.2073 · Cited by 741
Effect of Spironolactone on Blood Pressure in Subjects With Resistant Hypertension
Chapman, N., Dobson, J., Wilson, S. L., Dahlöf, B., Sever, P., Wedel, H., & Poulter, N. R. (2007) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000259805.18468.8c · Cited by 630
Serum Aldosterone and the Incidence of Hypertension in Nonhypertensive Persons
Vasan, R. S., Evans, J. C., Larson, M. G., Wilson, P. W. F., Meigs, J. B., Rifai, N., Benjamin, E. J., & Levy, D. A. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa033263 · Cited by 573
Efficacy of low-dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertension
Nishizaka, M. (2003) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(03)01032-x · Cited by 500
Human adipocytes secrete mineralocorticoid-releasing factors
Ehrhart‐Bornstein, M., Lamounier‐Zepter, V., Schraven, A., Langenbach, J., Willenberg, H. S., Barthel, A., Hauner, H., McCann, S. M., Scherbaum, W. A., & Bornstein, S. R. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2336140100 · Cited by 442
Silver, M. A., Maisel, A. S., Yancy, C. W., McCullough, P. A., Burnett, J. C. J., Francis, G. S., Mehra, M. R., Peacock, W. F., Fonarow, G. C., Gibler, W. B., et al. (2004) · Congestive Heart Failure · doi:10.1111/j.1527-5299.2004.03271.x · Cited by 361
Pratt-Ubunama, M. N., Nishizaka, M. K., Boedefeld, R. L., Cofield, S. S., Harding, S. M., & Calhoun, D. A. (2007) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.06-1442 · Cited by 331
Taler, S. J., Textor, S. C., & Augustine, J. A. (2002) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000016176.16042.2f · Cited by 307
Gallay, B. J., Ahmad, S., Xu, L., Toivola, B., & Davidson, R. C. (2001) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1016/s0272-6386(01)80117-7 · Cited by 304
High prevalence of cardiac and extracardiac target organ damage in refractory hypertension
Cuspidi, C., Macca, G., Sampieri, L., Michev, I., Salerno, M., Fusi, V., Severgnini, B., Meani, S., Magrini, F., & Zanchetti, A. (2001) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200111000-00018 · Cited by 303
Low-renin status in therapy-resistant hypertension: a clue to efficient treatment
Eide, I. K., Torjesen, P. A., Drolsum, A., Babovic, A., & Lilledahl, N. P. (2004) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200411000-00026 · Cited by 265
Renin Activity and Blood Pressure in Response to Chronic Episodic Hypoxia
Fletcher, E. C., Bao, G., & Li, R. (1999) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.34.2.309 · Cited by 261
Štrauch, B., Zelinka, T., Hampf, M., Bernhardt, R., & Widimsky, J. (2003) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001554 · Cited by 237
Association of Adrenal Steroids With Hypertension and the Metabolic Syndrome in Blacks
Kidambi, S., Kotchen, J. M., Grim, C. E., Raff, H., Mao, J., Singh, R., & Kotchen, T. A. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000253258.36141.c7 · Cited by 212
Atrial pressure and secretion of atrial natriuretic factor into the human central circulation
Rodeheffer, R. J., Tanaka, I., Imada, T., Hollister, A. S., Robertson, D., & Inagami, T. (1986) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(86)80086-9 · Cited by 180
Aldosterone Biosynthesis, Regulation, and Classical Mechanism of Action
Williams, G. H. (2005) · Heart Failure Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10741-005-2343-3 · Cited by 171
Blood pressure response to chronic episodic hypoxia: the renin-angiotensin system
Fletcher, E. C., Orolinova, N., & Bäder, M. (2002) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00152.2001 · Cited by 165
Plasma A- and B-type natriuretic peptides: physiology, methodology and clinical use
Boomsma, F. (2001) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(01)00195-x · Cited by 162
Relations of Serum Aldosterone to Cardiac Structure
Vasan, R. S., Evans, J. C., Benjamin, E. J., Levy, D. A., Larson, M. G., Sundström, J., Murabito, J. M., Sam, F., Colucci, W. S., & Wilson, P. W. F. (2004) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000124251.06056.8e · Cited by 130
Resistant Hypertension: Diagnosis and Management
Gifford, R. W., & TARAZI, R. C. (1978) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-5-661 · Cited by 78
Aldosterone and Refractory Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study
Sartori, M., Calò, L. A., Mascagna, V., Realdi, A., Macchini, L., Ciccariello, L., DETONI, R., Cattelan, F., Pessina, A., & Semplicini, A. (2006) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.06.031 · Cited by 61
Aldosterone excess and resistance to 24-h blood pressure control
Pimenta, E., Gaddam, K. K., Pratt-Ubunama, M. N., Nishizaka, M., Cofield, S. S., Oparil, S., & Calhoun, D. A. (2007) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282a9be30 · Cited by 42
Self-citationPlasma release of atrial natriuretic peptide in response to blood volume expansion
Anderson, J. V., Christofides, N. D., & Bloom, S. R. (1986) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1090009 · Cited by 41
An oxidized derivative of linoleic acid affects aldosterone secretion by adrenal cells in vitro
Goodfriend, T. L., Ball, D. L., & Gardner, H. W. (2002) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1054/plef.2002.0414 · Cited by 39
(2007) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000258652.40768.80 · Cited by 38
Freel, E. M., Ingram, M. C., Friel, E. C., Fräser, R., Brown, M. J., Samani, N. J., Caulfield, M. J., Munroe, P. B., Farrall, M., Webster, J., et al. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02971.x · Cited by 32
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [19]Gomez-Sanchez CE. Adrenal steroid synthesis and regulation. In: Izzo JL, Black HR, editors. Hypertension primer. Liipincott Williams & Wilkins; Philadelphia: 2003. [Google Scholar]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
Authors Task Force Members, Mancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., Redon, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T., Cífková, R., Backer, G. D., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht151 · Cited by 13,739
Mancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., Redón, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T., Cifkova, R., De Backer, G., Dominiczak, A., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc · Cited by 5,655
Mancia, G., Kreutz, R., Brunström, M., Burnier, M., Grassi, G., Januszewicz, A., Muiesan, M. L., Tsioufis, K., Agabiti-Rosei, E., Algharably, E. A. E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003480 · Cited by 3,473
2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension
McEvoy, J. W., McCarthy, C. P., Bruno, R. M., Brouwers, S., Canavan, M. D., Ceconi, C., Christodorescu, R. M., Daskalopoulou, S. S., Ferro, C. J., Gerdts, E., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178 · Cited by 2,298
The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2019)
Umemura, S., Arima, H., Arima, S., Asayama, K., Dohi, Y., Hirooka, Y., Horio, T., Hoshide, S., Ikeda, S., Ishimitsu, T., et al. (2019) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-019-0284-9 · Cited by 1,880
Metadata
- Authors
- Gaddam, K. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gaddam, Krishna K.
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2008-06-09
- Volume
- 168
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1159
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2748247
- OpenAlex
- W2118344567
- Cited by
- 301
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 13.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-007457, HL077100, HL-075614, R01HL075614, P50HL077100, T32HL007457)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR00032, M01RR000032)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- resistant hypertension, plasma aldosterone, aldosterone-renin ratio, plasma renin activity, brain natriuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide, intravascular volume expansion, urinary cortisol, serum potassium, urinary sodium, sex differences, body mass index, target organ damage, aldosterone excess
- MeSH terms
- Aldosterone, Antihypertensive Agents, Drug Resistance, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, Potassium, Regression Analysis, Renin, Sex Factors, Sodium, Case-Control Studies, Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
