Cited by 170Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAlcohol Consumption and Health EffectsDigital Mental Health Interventions

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Randomized Controlled Trial of Proactive Web-Based Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention for University Students

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Kypri, Kypros·2009·Archives of Internal Medicine

DOI 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.249

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: University students drink more heavily than their nonstudent peers and are often unaware that their drinking is risky and exceeds normative levels. We tested the efficacy of a proactive Web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention program. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at an Australian university in 2007. Invitations were sent to 13 000 undergraduates (age range, 17-24 years) to complete a Web-based Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Of 7237 students who responded, 2435 scored in the hazardous/harmful range (> or =8) and were randomized, and 2050 (84%) completed at least 1 follow-up assessment. Intervention was 10 minutes of Web-based motivational assessment and personalized feedback. Controls received only screening. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 1 and 6 months with observers and participants blinded to allocation. Outcome measures were drinking frequency, typical occasion quantity, overall volume, number of personal problems, an academic problems score, prevalence of binge drinking, and prevalence of heavy drinking. RESULTS: Mean (SD) baseline Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores for control and intervention groups were 14.3 (5.1) and 14.2 (5.1), respectively. After 1 month, participants receiving intervention drank less often (rate ratio [RR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-0.94), smaller quantities per occasion (RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98), and less alcohol overall (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.90) than did controls. Differences in alcohol-related harms were nonsignificant. At 6 months, intervention effects persisted for drinking frequency (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.97) and overall volume (RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.96) but not for other variables. CONCLUSION: Proactive Web-based screening and intervention reduces drinking in undergraduates, and such a program could be implemented widely.

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BackgroundInfluential
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Background
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“We have consulted formal guidance where it is available in carefully developing the research methods over time, paying attention to feedback in our earlier studies that has not revealed any issues of concern not covered here (Hallett et al. 2009; Kypri et al. 2009; McCambridge and Day 2008).”
Self-citation
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BackgroundResult
Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Test the Effectiveness of a Web-Based Brief Alcohol Intervention Over Time Among Heavy-Drinking Students: Randomized Controlled Trial
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“Web-based brief alcohol interventions have been found to be effective in reducing the quantity and frequency of alcohol use among heavy-drinking young adults and students [6-9].”
Randomized controlled trial of a very brief, multicomponent web-based alcohol intervention for undergraduates with a focus on protective behavioral strategies.
Leeman, R. F., DeMartini, K. S., Gueorguieva, R. V., Nogueira, C., Corbin, W. R., Neighbors, C., & O’Malley, S. S. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000132 · Cited by 38
Identification of Behavior Change Techniques From Successful Web-Based Interventions Targeting Alcohol Consumption, Binge Eating, and Gambling: Systematic Review
Humphreys, G., Evans, R. K., Makin, H., Cooke, R. W. I., & Jones, A. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/22694 · Cited by 37
Changing Parental Behaviour to Reduce Risky Drinking Among Adolescents: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Gilligan, C., Kypri, K., & Lubman, D. I. (2012) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/ags022 · Cited by 38
“Web-based interventions have shown promising results in various areas of healthcare and public health, including interventions for problem drinking (Kypri et al., 2009), tailored feedback interventions for smoking (Civljak et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Feedback from recently returned veterans on an anonymous web-based brief alcohol intervention
Lapham, G. T., Hawkins, E. J., Chavez, L. J., Achtmeyer, C. E., Williams, E. C., Thomas, R. M., Ludman, E. J., Kypri, K., Hunt, S. C., & Bradley, K. A. (2012) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/1940-0640-7-17 · Cited by 33
“Changes made to THRIVE in developing DrinkCheck are outlined in Table 1.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
‘Making the invisible visible’ through alcohol screening and brief intervention in community pharmacies: an Australian feasibility study
Hattingh, L., Hallett, J., & Tait, R. J. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3805-3 · Cited by 34
“It should be standard practice to ask about alcohol when dispensing these products and all affirmative replies could receive a card with a web-address to an online brief intervention [65] or card with the short form AUDIT with advice – this can be summarized on one A4 page [45].”
Background
A systematic review and behaviour change technique analysis of remotely delivered alcohol and/or substance misuse interventions for adults
Howlett, N., García-Iglesias, J., Bontoft, C., Breslin, G., Bartington, S., Freethy, I., Malillos, M. H., Jones, J., Lloyd, N., Marshall, T., et al. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109597 · Cited by 37
Consequences of Low Risk and Hazardous Alcohol Consumption among University Students in Australia and Implications for Health Promotion Interventions
Burns, S. K., Crawford, G., Hallett, J., Jancey, J. M., Portsmouth, L., Hunt, K., & Longo, J. (2015) · Open Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4236/ojpm.2015.51001 · Cited by 34
“A 2011 Australian study (n = 603) found 46.6% of 18 - 24 year olds university students to drink at hazardous levels [3].”
BackgroundInfluential
“Excessive Drinking—An Inescapable Part of University Life?” A Focus Group Study of Australian Undergraduates
Hallett, J., McManus, A., Maycock, B. R., Smith, J. L., & Howat, P. A. (2014) · Open Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4236/ojpm.2014.47071 · Cited by 34
“Focus group questions examined: drinking motives and contexts; perceptions of safe and unsafe drinking behaviors; expectations and consequences; methods for improving student participation and reducing attrition in electronic screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) program [39] [40].”
Background
Efficacy of interventions targeting alcohol, drug and smoking behaviors in university and college students: A review of randomized controlled trials
Plotnikoff, R. C., Costigan, S. A., Kennedy, S. G., Robards, S. L., Germov, J., & Wild, C. T. (2018) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1462821 · Cited by 35
Text messaging as an adjunct to a web-based intervention for college student alcohol use: A preliminary study
Tahaney, K. D., & Palfai, T. P. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.04.018 · Cited by 32
“They have shown promising effects for reducing drinking quantity, drinking frequency, heavy drinking episodes (HDEs), and alcohol-related consequences (Doumas, Kane, Navarro, & Roman, 2011; Hester, Delaney, & Campbell, 2012; Kypri et al., 2009) as well as for preventing the initiation of drinking (Palfai, Winter, Lu,…”
Background
Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of the Eating Advice to Students (EATS) Brief Web-Based Nutrition Intervention for Young Adult University Students: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Whatnall, M. C., Patterson, A. J., Chiu, S. K., Oldmeadow, C. J., & Hutchesson, M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11040905 · Cited by 32
“Control group participants completed Thrive, an existing brief web-based alcohol intervention designed for university students [25], and received access to the EATS intervention after completing follow-up measures.”
Background
The ‘Outcome Reporting in Brief Intervention Trials: Alcohol’ (ORBITAL) framework: protocol to determine a core outcome set for efficacy and effectiveness trials of alcohol screening and brief intervention
Shorter, G. W., Heather, N., Bray, J. W., Giles, E. L., Holloway, A. S., Barbosa, C., Berman, A. H., O'Donnell, A. J., Clarke, M. J., Stockdale, K. J., et al. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2335-3 · Cited by 32
“such as emergency departments [3, 4], general hospital wards [5, 6], schools [7, 8], online [9, 10], criminal justice”
Background
Promoting Youth Mental Health through Computer-Mediated Communication
Rickwood, D. (2010) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2010.9721817 · Cited by 30
“…level of their risk and protective factors for mental health (for example via electronic screening and brief intervention for harmful alcohol use (Kypri et al , 2009)), via computer feedback is likely to be an unintrusive and easily accessible way of monitoring the well-being of young people who…”
Background
Effects of the social norms intervention The GOOD Life on norm perceptions, binge drinking and alcohol-related harms: A cluster-randomised controlled trial
Vallentin-Holbech, L., Rasmussen, B. M., & Stock, C. (2018) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.019 · Cited by 32
“Interventions based on social norms theory have shown promising results in reducing alcohol use in different educational settings (Bewick et al., 2013; Ellickson et al., 2003; Faggiano et al., 2008; Haines and Barker, 2003; Kypri et al., 2009; Morgenstern et al., 2009) as well as among subgroups of harmful drinkers (B…”
BackgroundResult
Academic and personal problems among Australian university students who drink at hazardous levels: web‐based survey
Hallett, J., Howat, P. A., McManus, A., Meng, X., Maycock, B. R., & Kypri, K. (2013) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1071/he13094 · Cited by 29
Self-citation
The effectiveness of digital health technologies for reducing substance use among young people: a systematic review & meta-analysis
O’Logbon, J., Wickersham, A., Williamson, C., & Leightley, D. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2023.2245902 · Cited by 28
The effectiveness of a web-based brief alcohol intervention in reducing heavy drinking among adolescents aged 15–20 years with a low educational background: a two-arm parallel group cluster randomized controlled trial
Voogt, C. V., Kleinjan, M., Poelen, E. A. P., Lemmers, L., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-694 · Cited by 27
“Web-based brief alcohol interventions, consisting of a screening procedure and personalized feedback, are found to be effective in reducing heavy drinking in adolescents and young adults [13-16].”
Background
Recruiting U.S. and Canadian College Students via Social Media for Participation in a Web-Based Brief Intervention Study
Fazzino, T. L., Rose, G. L., Pollack, S. M., & Helzer, J. E. (2015) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2015.76.127 · Cited by 25
“Some researchers have recruited participants through study invitation emails (Bendtsen et al., 2012; Ekman et al., 2011; Graham et al., 2008; Kypri et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2014; Martens et al., 2013; McCambridge et al., 2013; Palfai et al., 2014; Saitz et al., 2007).”
Background
Validation of an Online Version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) for Alcohol Screening in Spanish University Students
Ballester, L., Alayo, I., Vilagut, G., Almenara, J., Cebrià, A. I., Echeburúa, E., Gabilondo, A., Gili, M., Lagares, C., Piqueras, J. A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18105213 · Cited by 25
“It is known that online screening and interventions could reduce drinking in university students [70].”
Background
A Web-Based Intervention to Reduce Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies in the Community
Tenkku, L. E., Mengel, M. B., Nicholson, R. A., Hile, M. G., Morris, D. S., & Salas, J. (2011) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198110385773 · Cited by 25
“…to reduce alcohol use (Bewick, Trusler, Mulhern, Barkham, & Hill, 2008; Doumas, Mckinley, & Book, 2009; Hallett, Maycock, Kypri, Howat, & McManus, 2009; Hustad, Barnett, Borsari, & Jackson, 2010; Kypri et al., 2009; Kypri, Langley, Saunders, Cashell-Smith, & Herbison, 2008; Riper et al., 2008).”
A Pilot RCT of an Internet Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Alcohol‐Exposed Pregnancy
Ingersoll, K. S., Frederick, C., MacDonnell, K., Ritterband, L. M., Lord, H. R., Jones, B., & Truwit, L. (2018) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13635 · Cited by 28
“…interactive, tailored Internet intervention based on the successful CHOICES paradigm for reducing AEP risk, this project is a significant extension of the growing literature on Internet interventions to reduce problem drinking (Bertholet et al., 2011; Kypri et al., 2009; Murphy et al., 2010).”
Fifty years of brief intervention effectiveness trials for heavy drinkers: Editorial
McCAMBRIDGE, J. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00379.x · Cited by 24
Web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention for Māori and non-Māori: the New Zealand e-SBINZ trials
Kypri, K., McCambridge, J., Cunningham, J. A., Vater, T., Bowe, S. J., de Graaf, B., Saunders, J. B., & Dean, J. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-781 · Cited by 24
“We used as the basis for the estimate, the mean volume of alcohol reported at the 6 month follow-up THRIVE trial [38], namely 16.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Electronic Feedback in College Student Drinking Prevention and Intervention
Cronce, J. M. (2014) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v36.1.06 · Cited by 24
“Kypri et al. 2009 Kypri et al. 2014 LaBrie et al. 2013 Undergraduates at a single Australian university who scored 8 or higher on the AUDIT and who exceeded Australian gender-specific standards for one or more episodes of heavy episodic drinking in the past 4 weeks (N = 1,904 at 1-month followup;…”
Background
Alcohol email assessment and feedback study dismantling effectiveness for university students (AMADEUS-1): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
McCambridge, J., Bendtsen, P., Bendtsen, M., & Nilsén, P. (2012) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-49 · Cited by 21
“An email was sent by the second author (PB) requesting participation in a survey of student alcohol consumption, partially following the approach of Kypri and colleagues who invited participation in a series of surveys at the outset and who obtained high follow-up rates [27].”
BackgroundMethod
Digital interventions for reducing alcohol use in general populations: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Sohi, I., Shield, K. D., Rehm, J. T., & Monteiro, M. G. (2023) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15175 · Cited by 23
The relationship between alcohol consumption and related harm among young university students
Hart, E., & Burns, S. K. (2016) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1071/he15086 · Cited by 23
“The experienced and witnessed harms reported in this study are comparable to those of other studies of young Australian university students.(5,7,10,17,31) Almost one-quarter of students reported highrisk consumption.”
Result
Effects of early, computerized brief interventions on risky alcohol use and risky cannabis use among young people
Smedslund, G., Wollscheid, S., Fang, L., Nilsen, W., Steiro, A., & Larun, L. (2017) · Campbell Systematic Reviews · doi:10.4073/csr.2017.6 · Cited by 22
Targeting young drinkers online: the effectiveness of a web-based brief alcohol intervention in reducing heavy drinking among college students: study protocol of a two-arm parallel group randomized controlled trial
Voogt, C. V., Poelen, E. A. P., Kleinjan, M., Lemmers, L., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-231 · Cited by 21
“The first strength of the WDYD intervention is that it incorporates elements of theory on Motivational Interviewing and social influence, which have been proven to be effective when used in web-based brief alcohol interventions aimed at reducing heavy drinking among students [13-17,19].”
Influential
Understanding university students' attitudes and preferences for internet-based mental health interventions
Özer, Ö., Köksal, B., & Altınok, A. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100722 · Cited by 30
“…various research concerning stress (Amanvermez et al., 2021; Harrer et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2022), alcohol and substance use (Hustad et al., 2010; Kypri et al., 2009), social anxiety (K ¨ ahlke et al., 2019; McCall et al., 2018), anxiety and depression (McCloud et al., 2020; Newman et al.,…”
Background
The development of a web-based brief alcohol intervention in reducing heavy drinking among college students: an Intervention Mapping approach
Voogt, C. V., Poelen, E. A. P., Kleinjan, M., Lemmers, L., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2013) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dat016 · Cited by 21
“Web-based brief alcohol interventions may be particularly suitable for college students, especially considering that the majority of young adults in Western countries have access to the Internet and make frequent use of Internet technologies (Lebo, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
Current forms of inhibitory training produce no greater reduction in drinking than simple assessment: A preliminary study
Smith, J. L., Dash, N. J., Johnstone, S. J., Houben, K., & Field, M. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.018 · Cited by 24
Level of Response to Alcohol as a Factor for Targeted Prevention in College Students
Savage, J. E., Neale, Z. E., Cho, S. B., Hancock, L., Kalmijn, J. A., Smith, T. L., Schuckit, M. A., Donovan, K. K., & Dick, D. M. (2015) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12874 · Cited by 21
“Overall our findings support previous studies demonstrating that simple and inexpensive online interventions have the potential to reduce risky drinking behaviors and their associated costs on a short-term basis (Carey et al., 2009; Hustad et al., 2010; Kypri et al., 2009; Neighbors et al., 2009).”
Result
Combining motivational and volitional approaches to reducing excessive alcohol consumption in pre-drinkers: a theory-based intervention protocol
Caudwell, K. M., Mullan, B. A., & Hagger, M. S. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2648-7 · Cited by 21
“A range of health behavioral interventions targeting excessive alcohol consumption have been developed in university student populations, incorporating brief screening and feedback [25], motivational [26–28], peer or normative feedback [29–31], planning [32], and volitional approaches [33–35].”
Background
A cross sectional evaluation of an alcohol intervention targeting young university students
Burns, S. K., Jancey, J. M., Crawford, G., Hallett, J., Portsmouth, L., & Longo, J. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3314-4 · Cited by 22
“Despite this, there have been interventions focusing on a single strategy, usually brief interventions, that have demonstrated some short term changes in alcohol consumption levels [12, 13] and alcohol related problems [12] however no significant differences were reported for alcohol-related harms [13].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Personalized Normative Feedback to Reduce Drinking among College Students: A Social Norms Intervention Examining Gender-Based versus Standard Feedback.
Lojewski, R., Rotunda, R. J., & Arruda, J. E. (2010) · Journal of alcohol and drug education · Cited by 18
Theories of behaviour change and personalised feedback interventions for college student drinking
Miller, M. B., Meier, E. M., Lombardi, N., & Leffingwell, T. R. (2015) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2014.1001840 · Cited by 19
Responding to personalised social norms feedback from a web-based alcohol reduction intervention for students: Analysis of think-aloud verbal protocols
Marley, S., Bekker, H., & Bewick, B. M. (2016) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2016.1161192 · Cited by 17
“Electronic personalised feedback interventions, delivered over the World Wide Web, can be effective in reducing alcohol consumption among university/college students (Bewick et al., 2010; Cunningham, Wild, Cordingley, van Mierlo, & Humphreys, 2009; Doumas, McKinley, & Book, 2009; Kypri et al., 2009; Neighbors, Lewis,…”
Background
Development of an Electronic Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention Program for Hospital Outpatients With Unhealthy Alcohol Use
Johnson, N., Kypri, K., & Attia, J. (2013) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.2697 · Cited by 17
“Strengths Strengths of the study include the use of an intervention informed by more than a decade of research on the development and evaluation of e-SBI in university students [34,36,56,57], the inclusion of a respected senior clinician with strong links to the health service and the university on the research team,…”
MethodResultInfluentialSelf-citation
Clarifying observed relationships between protective behavioral strategies and alcohol outcomes: The importance of response options.
Braitman, A. L., Henson, J. M., & Carey, K. B. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000024 · Cited by 17
“…Carey et al., 2009; Murphy et al., 2010), and other forms of remotely delivered personalized normative feedback (e.g., Bingham et al., 2010; Dimeff & McNeely, 2000; Kypri et al., 2009; Larimer et al., 2007; Martens, Kilmer, Beck, & Zamboanga, 2010; Neighbors, Lee, Lewis, Fossos, & Walter, 2009).”
The role of underutilization of protective behavioral strategies in the relation of social anxiety with risky drinking
Terlecki, M. A., Ecker, A. H., & Buckner, J. D. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106122 · Cited by 17
MEETING THE CHALLENGES FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE FOR BRIEF ALCOHOL INTERVENTION
Moyer, A. E., & Finney, J. W. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02907.x · Cited by 16
Use of the NHS Choices website for primary care consultations: results from online and general practice surveys
Murray, J., Majeed, A., Khan, M. S., Lee, J. T., & Nelson, P. (2011) · JRSM Short Reports · doi:10.1258/shorts.2011.011078 · Cited by 16
Efetividade de uma intervenção digital na diminuição da prática de binge drinking entre frequentadores de baladas
Baldin, Y. C., Sanudo, A., & Sanchez, Z. M. (2018) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000281 · Cited by 15
Web-based alcohol intervention for nightclub patrons: opposite effects according to baseline alcohol use disorder classification
Sanchez, Z. M., & Sanudo, A. (2018) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2018.1437586 · Cited by 15
“In the “high-risk” group studied here, the patrons benefitted from participation in the study, which is in agreement with the findings of other international studies with college students with an inclusion criterion of an AUDIT score greater than or equal to 8.(8,36) However, the intervention effect observed in the pr…”
BackgroundMethodResult

Authors: Kypri, K.
Affiliations: University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
Corresponding author: Kypri, Kypros
ORCID: Kypri, Kypros
Venue: Archives of Internal Medicine
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2009-09-12
Volume: 169
Issue: 16
Pages: 1508
ISSN: 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.249
OpenAlex: W2151235672
Cited by: 170
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 9.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eSpace (Curtin University) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Healthway (15166)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Keywords: alcohol screening, brief intervention, online intervention, university students, binge drinking, heavy drinking, alcoholism, personalized feedback, alcohol-related harm
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Random Allocation, Students, Universities, Western Australia, Internet, Young Adult

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Randomized Controlled Trial of Proactive Web-Based Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention for University Students

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