Role of Lifestyle and Aging on the Longitudinal Change in Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in adults decreases with age and is influenced by lifestyle. Low CRF is associated with risk of diseases and the ability of older persons to function independently. We defined the longitudinal rate of CRF decline with aging and the association of aging and lifestyle with CRF. METHODS: We studied a cohort of 3429 women and 16 889 men, aged 20 to 96 years, from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who completed 2 to 33 health examinations from 1974 to 2006. The lifestyle variables were body mass index, self-reported aerobic exercise, and smoking behavior. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by a maximal Balke treadmill exercise test. RESULTS: Linear mixed models regression analysis stratified by sex showed that the decline in CRF with age was not linear. After 45 years of age, CRF declined at an accelerated rate. For each unit of increase in body mass index, the CRF of women declined 0.20 metabolic equivalents (METs) (95% confidence interval, -0.21 to -0.19); that of men, 0.32 METs (-0.33 to -0.20). Current smokers of both sexes also had lower CRF (-0.29 METs [95% confidence interval, -0.40 to -0.19] for women and -0.41 METS [-0.44 to -0.38] for men). Cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with self-reported physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiorespiratory fitness in men and women declines at a nonlinear rate that accelerates after 45 years of age. Maintaining a low BMI, being physically active, and not smoking are associated with higher CRF across the adult life span.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Based on longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, an age dependent decline in peak oxygen uptake of at least 3.5 mL/kg/min over the five year period was expected.
“Based on longitudinal35 36 and cross sectional studies,37 we expected an age dependent decline in peak oxygen uptake of at least 3.5 mL/kg/min over the five year period.”
From Effect of exercise training for five years on all cause mortality in older adults—the Generation 100 study: randomised controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [36]
The Results and Comment sections report an age-dependent decline in cardiorespiratory fitness that accelerates after age 45. They do not establish a decline of at least 3.5 mL/kg/min over five years; the Comment instead quotes another study's mean annual changes of 0.19 for women and 0.43 mL/kg/min for men. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400 · see citing works
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004
Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., McDowell, M. A., Tabak, C. J., & Flegal, K. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.1549 · Cited by 8,720 · see citing works
Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata
Rabe-Hesketh, S., & Skrondal, A. (2005) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00588_16.x · Cited by 4,626 · see citing works
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States
Crespo, C. J., & Smit, E. (2003) · Human Kinetics eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781718206601.ch-001 · Cited by 4,382 · see citing works
Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing
Myers, J., Prakash, M., Froelicher, V., Do, D., Partington, S., & Atwood, J. E. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011858 · Cited by 4,114 · see citing works
Rosamond, W., Flegal, K., Friday, G., Furie, K., Go, A., Greenlund, K., Haase, N., Ho, M., Howard, V., Kissela, B., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.179918 · Cited by 3,277 · see citing works
Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy Men and Women
Blair, S. N. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1989.03430170057028 · Cited by 2,658 · see citing works
Self-citationBlair, S. N. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540030039029 · Cited by 1,819 · see citing works
Self-citationApplied Longitudinal Data Analysis for Epidemiology: A Practical Guide
Twisk, J. W. R. (2003) · Cited by 1,244 · see citing works
Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription
Sharp, N. C. C. (1993) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.27.2.138-a · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Accelerated longitudinal decline of aerobic capacity in healthy older adults
Fleg, J. L., Morrell, C. H., Bos, A. G., Brant, L. J., Talbot, L. A., Wright, J. G., & Lakatta, E. G. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.545459 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Carnethon, M. R. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.23.3092 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Laaksonen, D. E., Lakka, H.-M., Salonen, J. T., Niskanen, L. K., Rauramaa, R., & Lakka, T. A. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.9.1612 · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Adiposity as Mortality Predictors in Older Adults
Sui, X., LaMonte, M. J., Laditka, J. N., Hardin, J. W., Chase, N., Hooker, S. P., & Blair, S. N. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.21.2507 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Self-citationA comparative analysis of four protocols for maximal treadmill stress testing
Pollock, M. L., Bohannon, R. L., Cooper, K. H., Ayres, J. J., Ward, A., White, S. R., & Linnerud, A. C. (1976) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(76)80401-2 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Inversely Associated With the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome
LaMonte, M. J., Barlow, C. E., Jurča, R., Kampert, J. B., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.503805 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Prognostic Value of a Nomogram for Exercise Capacity in Women
Gulati, M., Black, H. R., Shaw, L. J., Arnsdorf, M. F., Merz, C. N. B., Lauer, M. S., Marwick, T. H., Pandey, D. K., Wicklund, R. H., & Thisted, R. A. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa044154 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Lynch, J. (1996) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1996.00440110073010 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF A NOMOGRAM FOR EXERCISE CAPACITY IN WOMEN
Tiukinhoy, S. (2005) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00008483-200511000-00013 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Pollock, M. L., Foster, C., Schmidt, D. H., Hellman, C., Linnerud, A. C., & Ward, A. (1982) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(82)90275-7 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing
MYERS, J. N., Prakash, M., Froelicher, V. F., Do, D., Partington, S. L., & Atwood, J. E. (2002) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/s1062-1458(02)00697-9 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Kampert, J. B., Blair, S. N., Barlow, C. E., & Kohl, H. W. (1996) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00059-2 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneralized equations for predicting functional capacity from treadmill performance
Foster, C., Jackson, A. S., Pollock, M. L., Taylor, M. M., Hare, J., Sennett, S. M., Rod, J. L., Sarwar, M., & Schmidt, D. H. (1984) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(84)90282-5 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationChanges in aerobic power of men, ages 25???70 yr
Jackson, A. S., Beard, E. F., Wier, L. T., Ross, R., STUTEVILLE, J. E., & Blair, S. N. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199501000-00020 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical activity and self-reported, physician-diagnosed osteoarthritis
Cheng, Y. J., Macera, C. A., Davis, D. R., Ainsworth, B. E., Troped, P. J., & Blair, S. N. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00168-7 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationSui, X., LaMonte, M. J., & Blair, S. N. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm031 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationBarlow, C. E., LaMonte, M. J., FitzGerald, S. J., Kampert, J. B., Perrin, J. L., & Blair, S. N. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwj019 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationCheng, Y. J., Lauer, M. S., Earnest, C. P., Church, T. S., Kampert, J. B., Gibbons, L. W., & Blair, S. N. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.7.2052 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationA prospective study of cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of type 2 diabetes in women
Sui, X., Hooker, S. P., Lee, I.-M., Church, T. S., Colabianchi, N., Lee, C.-D., & Blair, S. N. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1870 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise Testing and Prescription
King, C. N., & Senn, M. D. (1996) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199621050-00002 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
A SIMPLE FIELD TEST FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL FITNESS. REP 63-6.
Balke, B. (1963) · PubMed · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Longitudinal changes in aerobic power in older men and women.
Stathokostas, L., Jacob-Johnson, S., Petrella, R., & Paterson, D. (2004) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00447.2003 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
SURROGATE MEASURES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND PHYSICAL FITNESS
Blair, S. N., Kannel, W. B., Kohl, H. W., Goodyear, N. N., & Wilson, P. W. F. (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115236 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationChanges in aerobic power of women, ages 20-64 yr
Jackson, A. S., Wier, L. T., Ayers, G. W., Beard, E. F., STUTEVILLE, J. E., & Blair, S. N. (1996) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199607000-00016 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationAdiposity, physical fitness and incident diabetes: the physical activity longitudinal study
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Craig, C. L., & Gauvin, L. I. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0554-3 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The Effect of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity on Cancer Mortality in Women and Men
Evenson, K. R., Stevens, J., Cai, J., Thomas, R. P., & Affuso, O. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000053511.02356.72 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
FIVE YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE
Sawada, S. S., Tanaka, H., Funakoshi, M., Shindo, M., Kono, S., & Ishiko, T. (1993) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1681.1993.tb01729.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Lurie, N. (2000) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200001000-00006 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ross, R., Blair, S. N., Arena, R., Church, T. S., Després, J.-P., Franklin, B. A., Haskell, W. L., Kaminsky, L. A., Levine, B. D., Lavie, C. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000461 · Cited by 2,486 · see citing works
Self-citationRikli, R. E., & Jones, C. J. (2012) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gns071 · Cited by 1,107 · see citing works
Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Artero, E. G., Lee, I.-M., Church, T. S., McAuley, P. A., Stanford, F. C., Kohl, H. W., & Blair, S. N. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.038422 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Self-citationHealth benefits of physical activity in older patients: a review
Vogel, T., Bréchat, P.-H., Leprêtre, P., Kaltenbach, G., Berthel, M., & Lonsdorfer, J. (2009) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01957.x · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Physical activity is medicine for older adults
Taylor, D. (2013) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-131366 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Review: Mortality trends in the general population: the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness
Lee, D.-C., Artero, E. G., Sui, X., & Blair, S. N. (2010) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/1359786810382057 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
“After reaching the maximal value of CRF between age of 20–30 years, CRF starts to decline with age and the rate of decline accelerates markedly with advancing age in healthy populations according to two longitudinal studies (Fleg et al., 2005; Jackson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEl Assar, M., Álvarez-Bustos, A., Sosa, P., Angulo, J., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158713 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
“During aging, there is a decrease in CRF, but this decline is nonlinear and could be modulated by a physically active lifestyle [187].”
BackgroundEdvardsen, E., Hem, E., & Anderssen, S. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085276 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
“15 [8,9], the achievement of a certain percentage of the age-adjusted estimate of HRmax [7,10,11], high postexercise blood lactate levels ($8 mmolNL) [8,12], the subject’s rating of perceived exertion (Borg Scale rating or Visual Analog Scale) [13], or a combination of the above mentioned variables [14].”
BackgroundSprint Interval Training Effects on Aerobic Capacity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Gist, N. H., Fedewa, M. V., Dishman, R. K., & Cureton, K. J. (2013) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0115-0 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
“[7] highlighted the accelerated decline in cardiorespiratory fitness after age 45 years in men and women.”
BackgroundChanges in Fitness and Fatness on the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Church, T. S., Lavie, C. J., Jackson, A. S., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.013 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
“Fitness and fatness change over time, and the patterns of change vary among individuals (16).”
Self-citationPeak Oxygen Uptake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in 4631 Healthy Women and Men
ASPENES, S. T., NILSEN, T. I. L., SKAUG, E.-A., BERTHEUSSEN, G. F., ELLINGSEN, Ø., VATTEN, L., & WISLØFF, U. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31820ca81c · Cited by 278 · see citing works
“This observation may translate into extended longevity, as well as extended independent living and improved quality of life (15,17).”
BackgroundEdvardsen, E., Hansen, B. H., Holme, I., Dyrstad, S. M., & Anderssen, S. A. (2013) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.12-1458 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Estimating V˙O2peak from a Nonexercise Prediction Model: The HUNT Study, Norway
NES, B. M., JANSZKY, I., VATTEN, L. J., NILSEN, T. I. L., ASPENES, S. T., & WISLØFF, U. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821d3f6f · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Snowden, C. P., Prentis, J. M., Jacques, B., Anderson, H., Manas, D., Jones, D., & Trenell, M. I. (2013) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e31828dbac2 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Aerobic Capacity Reference Data in 3816 Healthy Men and Women 20–90 Years
Loe, H., Rognmo, Ø., Saltin, B., & Wisløff, U. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064319 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“We observed higher VO2max compared to that reported in American [9,11,13,14], Japanese populations [8] and a large Brazilian study [31], especially in the younger age groups.”
ResultInfluentialLongitudinal changes in body composition associated with healthy ageing: men, aged 20–96 years
Jackson, A. S., Janssen, I., Sui, X., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511003886 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationAerobic fitness is associated with lower proportions of senescent blood T-cells in man
Spielmann, G., McFarlin, B. K., O’Connor, D. P., Smith, P. J. W., Pircher, H., & Simpson, R. J. (2011) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.07.226 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Correlates and Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults: a Systematic Review
Zeiher, J., Ombrellaro, K. J., Perumal, N., Keil, T. O. P., Mensink, G., & Finger, J. D. (2019) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-019-0211-2 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Tolahunase, M., Sagar, R., & Dada, R. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/7928981 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Stensvold, D., Viken, H., Steinshamn, S. L., Dalen, H., Støylen, A., Loennechen, J. P., Reitlo, L. S., Zisko, N., Bækkerud, F. H., Tari, A. R., et al. (2020) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.m3485 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
High‐Volume Exercise Program in Obese Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Shah, M., Snell, P. G., Rao, S. R., ADAMS-HUET, B. A., Quittner, C., Livingston, E. H., & Garg, A. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.172 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“Mean BMI was >40 kg/m2 in both groups and mean age was 53.9 years in the control group and 47.3 years in the HVEP group.”
BackgroundInfluentialClinical trial demonstrates exercise following bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity
Coen, P. M., Tanner, C. J., Helbling, N. L., Dubis, G. S., Hames, K. C., Xie, H., Eid, G. M., Stefanović-Račić, M., Toledo, F. G. S., Jakicic, J. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci78016 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
MRI of healthy brain aging: A review
MacDonald, M. E., & Pike, G. B. (2021) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.4564 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“Functional decline, such as reduced physical fitness and reduced cognitive abilities, typically accompany aging.(1,2) Many diseases with high mortality, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, also have increasing prevalence with age and the rate of mortality exponentially increases with age, according to the Gompe…”
BackgroundSmith, L., Gardner, B., Fisher, A., & Hamer, M. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007423 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“reductions in muscle strength, flexibility, agility and endurance.(26) Given the important health benefits of regular participation in moderate intensity physical activity interventions that prevent a displacement of MVPA”
BackgroundHuang, G., Wang, R., Chen, P., Huang, S. C., Donnelly, J. E., & Mehlferber, J. P. (2015) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487315582322 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Longitudinal Algorithms to Estimate Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Artero, E. G., Jackson, A. S., Sui, X., Lee, D.-C., O’Connor, D. P., Lavie, C. J., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.008 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“Furthermore, age was included as a linear term and recent longitudinal data demonstrated that CRF declines nonlinearly with aging (16).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA physical fitness profile of state highway patrol officers by gender and age
Dawes, J. J., Orr, R. M., Flores, R. R., Lockie, R. G., Kornhauser, C., & Holmes, R. J. (2017) · Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0173-0 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“On the surface, these results appear to be indicative of the age-related declines that occur in cardiorespiratory function [37].”
BackgroundLongitudinal Cardiorespiratory Fitness Algorithms for Clinical Settings
Jackson, A. S., Sui, X., O’Connor, D. P., Church, T. S., Lee, D.-C., Artero, E. G., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.032 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“A detailed escription of the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) ohort with multiple tests is provided in other sources.(8,26)”
MethodSelf-citationHamer, M., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Steptoe, A. (2012) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200505 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“In agreement with our findings, obesity was associated with a greater rate of decline in cardiorespiratory fitness over 20 years of follow-up in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.(23) Interestingly, there were no correlations between self-reported and objective sedentary time.”
ResultInfluentialCardiac rehabilitation and its essential role in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases
Winnige, P., Vysoký, R., Dosbaba, F., & Baťalík, L. (2021) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v9.i8.1761 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Liu, J., Sui, X., Lavie, C. J., Zhou, H., Park, Y., Cai, B., Liu, J., & Blair, S. N. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1184 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“Although it has been shown that fitness has a nonlinear relationship with aging (26), we discovered that fitness levels varied substantially across all age groups.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDNAmFitAge: biological age indicator incorporating physical fitness
McGreevy, K. M., Radak, Z. O., Torma, F., Jókai, M., Lu, A. T.-H., Belsky, D. W., Binder, A. M., Marioni, R. E., Ferrucci, L., Pośpiech, E., et al. (2023) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.204538 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
The Effect of Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Age-Related Lipids and Lipoproteins
Park, Y., Sui, X., Liu, J., Zhou, H., Kokkinos, P. F., Lavie, C. J., Hardin, J. W., & Blair, S. N. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.517 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“CRF was measured using a modified Balke protocol (22), and details of the measurements are described elsewhere (23).”
MethodSelf-citationLockie, R. G., Dawes, J. J., Kornhauser, C. L., & Holmes, R. J. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001937 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“This hypothesis was made in relation to the typical age-related declines in physical performance tests that occur in different populations for male and female subjects (9,19,23,26,34,42).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAssociation between neighborhood walkability, cardiorespiratory fitness and body-mass index
Hoehner, C. M., Handy, S., Yan, Y., Blair, S. N., & Berrigan, D. A. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.032 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“…factor and CRF among older adults may be attributed to the fact that CRF declines sharply with age regardless of activity level and is more likely determined by other factors such as comorbidities, genetic factors, and PA intensity (Fleg et al., 2005; Hawkins et al., 2003; Jackson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSui, X., Sarzynski, M. A., Lee, D.-C., & Kokkinos, P. F. (2017) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.02.006 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical inactivity and idiopathic pulmonary embolism in women: prospective study
Kabrhel, C., Varraso, R., Goldhaber, S. Z., Rimm, E. B., & Camargo, C. A. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d3867 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Can exercise training teach us how to treat Alzheimer's disease?
Huuha, A. M., Norevik, C. S., Moreira, J. B. N., Kobro-Flatmoen, A., Scrimgeour, N., Kivipelto, M., Van Praag, H., Ziaei, M., Sando, S. B., Wisløff, U., et al. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101559 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Although CRF declines with age and due to reduced PA (Jackson et al., 2009), it can be improved through exercise training (Garber et al., 2011).”
BackgroundStrand, L. B., Laugsand, L. E., Wisløff, U., Nes, B. M., Vatten, L., & Janszky, I. (2013) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.2310 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Fitness and cognition in the elderly
Freudenberger, P., Petrovic, K. E., Sen, A., Töglhofer, A. M., Fixa, A., Hofer, E., Perl, S., Zweiker, R., Seshadri, S. S., Schmidt, R., et al. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002329 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Leischik, R., Foshag, P., Strauß, M., Littwitz, H., Garg, P., Dworrak, B., & Horlitz, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133113 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“[42] described a body mass index (BMI) of 25.”
BackgroundExercise, Nrf2 and Antioxidant Signaling in Cardiac Aging
Narasimhan, M., & Rajasekaran, N. S. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00241 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“…decline with increasing age (Strait and Lakatta, 2012) with the peak maximal oxygen capacity (VO2) declines in both the less active and highly active healthy aged individuals impacting the cardio-respiratory fitness (Fleg et al., 1994, 2005; Hollenberg et al., 2006; Jackson et al., 2009).”
BackgroundOzemek, C., Cochran, H. L., Strath, S. J., Byun, W., & Kaminsky, L. A. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-53 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Odds of Incident Depression
Dishman, R. K., Sui, X., Church, T. S., Hand, G. A., Trivedi, M. H., & Blair, S. N. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.011 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationBaur, D. M., Christophi, C. A., Cook, E. F., & Kales, S. N. (2012) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2012/710903 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“This nonlinear decline accelerates especially after 45 years of age [19].”
BackgroundAadahl, M., Zacho, M., Linneberg, A. R., Thuesen, B. H., & Jørgensen, T. (2012) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487312462825 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“up to the age of 96 years.(17) The risk involved in maximal testing is low in healthy subject, but should always be carefully considered in populations that include older people or people with various symptoms or diseases.”
BackgroundBrennan, A. M., Standley, R. A., Anthony, S. J., Grench, K., Helbling, N. L., DeLany, J. P., Cornnell, H. H., Yi, F., Stefanović-Račić, M., Toledo, F. G. S., et al. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab240 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
In Fitness and Health? A Prospective Study of Changes in Marital Status and Fitness in Men and Women
Ortega, F. B., Brown, W. J., Lee, D.-C., Baruth, M., Sui, X., & Blair, S. N. (2010) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwq362 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationThe influence of active and passive smoking on the cardiorespiratory fitness of adults
de Borba, A. T., Jost, R. T., Gass, R., Nedel, F. B., Cardoso, D. M., Pohl, H. H., Reckziegel, M. B., Corbellini, V. A., & Paiva, D. N. (2014) · Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1186/2049-6958-9-34 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
‘Fit for surgery’: the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and postoperative outcomes
Rose, G. A., Davies, R. G., Appadurai, I. R., Williams, I. M., Bashir, M., Berg, R. M. G., Poole, D. C., & Bailey, D. M. (2022) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep090156 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Surprisingly, despite evidence that CRF is lower in females across the lifespan, given smaller body size, skeletal muscle mass, peak cardiac output and Hb concentration (Jackson et al., 2009; Fleg et al., 2005), sex is not considered during surgical risk stratification.”
BackgroundSmart, T., Doleman, B., Hatt, J., Paul, M., Toft, S., Lund, J. N., & Phillips, B. E. (2022) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afac143 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Aerobic Fitness and Habitual Physical Activity in Frail and Nonfrail Community-Dwelling Elderly
Bastone, A. D. C., Ferriolli, E., Teixeira, C. P., Dias, J. M. D., & Dias, R. C. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2014-0290 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Tonorezos, E. S., Snell, P. G., Moskowitz, C. S., Eshelman‐Kent, D. A., Liu, J. E., Chou, J. F., Smith, S. M., Dunn, A. L., Church, T. S., & Oeffinger, K. C. (2013) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.24492 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“cardiorespiratory fitness was less diminished, approaching that of 40–49 year olds [10,26].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationDecline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Odds of Incident Sleep Complaints
Dishman, R. K., Sui, X., Church, T. S., Kline, C. E., Youngstedt, S. D., & Blair, S. N. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000506 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“The decline in fitness seen here among noncases (about 6% in men and 4% in women) is consistent with that observed in the total ACLS cohort (18).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationEvaluation and Behavior of Spanish Bodybuilders: Doping and Sports Supplements
Sánchez-Oliver, A. J., Puyana, M. G., & Domínguez, R. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9040122 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Low values of VO2max increase the risk of suffering hypertension, diabetes and metabolic syndrome [3].”
BackgroundKusy, K., & Zieliński, J. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01496.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Both cross-sectional (Paterson et al., 1999) and longitudinal (Jackson et al., 2009) studies have demonstrated a decline in aerobic capacity with advancing age in untrained healthy adults.”
BackgroundInfluentialZhang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhou, J., Ernstsen, L., Lavie, C. J., Hooker, S. P., & Sui, X. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2017.04.007 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Recent longitudinal studies demonstrated that CRF declines nonlinearly with aging.(13,20,21) To achieve more accurate estimation of CRF, Jackson et al(13) developed longitudinal nonexercise algorithms based on age, quadratic age, sex, body mass index (BMI)/percentage fat, waist circumference (WC), resting heart rate (…”
BackgroundSelf-citationHuerta, J. M., Chirlaque, M.-D., Tormo, M.-J., Gavrila, D., Arriola, L., Moreno-Iribas, C., Amiano, P., Ardanaz, E., Barricarte, A., Dorronsoro, M., et al. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.670612 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“PA improves cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular tone(33,34) and prevents the decline in functional capacity that is characteristic of advancing age.(30) Moreover, regular training would modulate the tissular antioxidant profile by decreasing basal oxidative damage and increasing resistance to oxidative stress.”
BackgroundA longitudinal resource for population neuroscience of school-age children and adolescents in China
Fan, X.-R., Wang, Y., Chang, D., Yang, N., Rong, M.-J., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Hou, X., Zhou, Q., Gong, Z.-Q., et al. (2023) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-023-02377-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Grip strength 30 , standing broad jump 31 and 15-metre shuttle run 32 were tested to measure the muscle strength and cardiopulmonary endurance of the participants.”
Age-related change in peak oxygen uptake and change of cardiovascular risk factors. The HUNT Study
Letnes, J. M., Dalen, H., Aspenes, S. T., Salvesen, Ø. O., Wisløff, U., & Nes, B. M. (2020) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.09.002 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Christensen, R. A. G., Arneja, J., Cyr, K. S., Sturrock, S. L., & Brooks, J. D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250508 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Physical activity is a modifiable behaviour that positively influences CRF [39] and has also been identified as a way to mitigate some of the PLOS ONE eCRF with COVID-19 incidence and mortality”
BackgroundChange in Physical Activity after a Diabetes Diagnosis
Schneider, K. L., Andrews, C., Hovey, K. M., Seguin‐Fowler, R. A., Manini, T. M., LaMonte, M. J., Margolis, K. L., Waring, M. E., Ning, Y., Sims, S. T., et al. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a33010 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Several baseline variables were included as covariates for their association with physical activity (6, 16, 22, 25, 26, 30, 31, 48, 49) or behavior change following a disease diagnosis.”
Brellenthin, A. G., Lee, D.-C., Bennie, J. A., Sui, X., & Blair, S. N. (2021) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003687 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of obesity and Down syndrome on peak heart rate and aerobic capacity in youth and adults
Wee, S. O., Pitetti, K. H., Goulopoulou, S., Collier, S. R., Guerra-Balic, M., & Baynard, T. (2014) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Impact of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels on the Risk of Developing Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
Breneman, C. B., Polinski, K. J., Sarzynski, M. A., Lavie, C. J., Kokkinos, P. F., Ahmed, A., & Sui, X. (2016) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.05.017 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationOmbrellaro, K. J., Perumal, N., Zeiher, J., Hoebel, J., Ittermann, T., Ewert, R., Dörr, M., Keil, T. O. P., Mensink, G., & Finger, J. D. (2018) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-018-0137-0 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Park, S., Kwak, Y., Harveson, A. T., Weavil, J. C., & Seo, K. E. (2015) · Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.3.191 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“This is worth noting as aging is re-lated to a decline in aerobic fitness [12].”
Glass, O., Liu, D., Bechard, E. M., Guy, C. D., Pendergast, J., Diehl, A. M., & Abdelmalek, M. F. (2021) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1808 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Prince, S. A., Dempsey, P. C., Reed, J. L., Rubín, L., Saunders, T. J., Ta, J., Tomkinson, G. R., Merucci, K., & Lang, J. J. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01986-y · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“CR F m e a [ 93 , 9 4 , 97 , 99 , 102 ] 3 / 5 s t ud i e s ( on l y 1 c on t r o ll e d f o r P A ) ob s e r v e d t h a t r e du ce d s c r ee n ti m e o r t o t a l S B w a s no t s i gn i fi ca n tl y a ss o c i a t e d w it h CR F [ 94 , 99 , 102 ] .”
Freese, E. C., Gist, N. H., Acitelli, R. M., Mcconnell, W. J., Beck, C., Hausman, D. B., Murrow, J. R., Cureton, K. J., & Evans, E. M. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00380.2014 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Although the nature of SIT is an “all-out” sprint, women who are overweight or obese may have reduced exercise capacity due to reduced muscle mass (24) and impaired aerobic capacity (25) associated with aging, leading to reduced absolute physiological strain induced during SIT.”
BackgroundLactate Threshold as a Measure of Aerobic Metabolism in Resistance Exercise
Domínguez, R., Maté‐Muñoz, J. L., Serra‐Payá, N., & Garnacho‐Castaño, M. V. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-122740 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Qiu, S., Cai, X., Sun, Z., Wu, T., & Schümann, U. (2021) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.904 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Considerations for physical employment standards in the aging workforce
Flower, D., Tipton, M., & Milligan, G. S. (2019) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-192962 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Thus, maintaining a low body mass index (BMI), being physically active and not smoking are associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness across the adult life span [36].”
Soroush, A., Ananian, C. D., Ainsworth, B. E., Belyea, M. J., Poortvliet, E., Swan, P. D., Walker, J. R., & Yngve, A. (2013) · Asian Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.5812/asjsm.34492 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the decline in CRF was greater for men than for women, similar to a previous study that reported reduction in CRF in men and women after 45 years at an accelerated rate and a reduction for males that was greater than that for females ([15]).”
BackgroundResultBas, G., Loisate, S., Hudon, S. F., Woods, K., Hayden, E. J., Pu, X., Beard, R. S., Oxford, J. T., & Uzer, G. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66055-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Nonexercise Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Mortality in Older Adults
Martínez‐Gómez, D., Guallar‐Castillón, P., Hallal, P. C., López‐García, E., & Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000435 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“This could be due to the fact that CRF declines nonlinearly with age; thus, nonexercise algorithms should account for age-related changes in CRF (13).”
BackgroundSchütz, N., Saner, H. E., Rudin, B., Botros, A., Pais, B., Santschi, V., Buluschek, P., Gática-Pérez, D., Urwyler, P., Marchal–Crespo, L., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45733-8 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Skeletal Muscle Mass Is Linked to Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Youth
Wittekind, S. G., Powell, A. W., Opotowsky, A. R., Mays, W. A., Knecht, S. K., Rivin, G., & Chin, C. C. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002424 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“CRF normally increases during development from childhood through puberty (11,12), then slowly declines beginning in the fourth decade of life (13,14), with males generally having higher peak V̇O2 at any given age.”
BackgroundAre multimorbidity patterns associated with fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults?
Canever, J. B., Moreira, B. D. S., Danielewicz, A. L., & de Avelar, N. C. P. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-02889-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“This finding may be associated with the fact that cardiorespiratory conditioning can be reduced in older adults due to the senescence process and aggravated by the sedentary lifestyle adopted by many older adults [61].”
BackgroundAllen, T. D., Henderson, T. G., Mancini, V. S., & French, K. A. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0681-6 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Teixeira, J., Monteiro, L., Silvestre, R., Beckert, J., & Massuça, L. M. (2019) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2019.83506 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“However, a regular training programme proved to be ef - fective in slowing down age-related deterioration [14,33] (reducing it as much as 5% per decade [14]), with an impact on ODT performance.”
BackgroundGiacobbi, P. R., Dreisbach, K. A., Zautra, N. T., Anand, P., & García, F. S. (2014) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.004 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Abt, J. P., Perlsweig, K. A., Nagai, T., Sell, T. C., Wirt, M. D., & Lephart, S. M. (2016) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-15-00036 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of Physical Training and Fitness on Running Injuries in Physically Active Young Men
Grier, T., Canham-Chervak, M., Anderson, M. K., Bushman, T. T., & Jones, B. H. (2016) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001487 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Previous studies investigating age and aerobic fitness have shown that aerobic fitness decreases with age (18).”
BackgroundWhich Cutoffs for Secondary V˙O2max Criteria Are Robust to Diurnal Variations?
Knaier, R., Niemeyer, M., Wagner, J., Infanger, D., Hinrichs, T., Klenk, C., Frutig, S., Cajochen, C., & Schmidt‐Trucksäss, A. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001869 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Drain, J. R., & Reilly, T. J. (2019) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-192963 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hyvärinen, M., Sipilä, S., Kulmala, J., Hakonen, H., Tammelin, T., Kujala, U. M., Kovanen, V., & Laakkonen, E. K. (2019) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2019-0093 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Tavoian, D., Russ, D. W., Consitt, L. A., & Clark, B. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00799 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Physical activity in later life and risk of dementia: Findings from a population-based cohort study
Feter, N., Mielke, G. I., Leite, J. S., Brown, W. J., Coombes, J. S., & Rombaldi, A. J. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111145 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Recreational Sports Participation among Taiwanese Adults
Tsai, L.-T., Lo, F.-E., Yang, C.-C., Keller, J. J., & Lyu, S.-Y. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120100829 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Jackson, Sui, Hébert, Church and Blair [2] and Sattelmair, Pertman and Forman [3] also reported that participation in recreational sports can reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.”
BackgroundSui, X.-M., Sarzynski, M. A., Lee, D.-C., Lavie, C., Zhang, J.-J., Kokkinos, P., Payne, J. P. W., & Blair, S. (2016) · American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.11.017 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationSterling, M. R., Ferranti, E. P., Green, B. B., Moise, N., Foraker, R., Nam, S., Juraschek, S. P., Anderson, C. A. M., St. Laurent, P., Sussman, J., et al. (2024) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/hcq.0000000000000134 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Change in Maximal Exercise Capacity Is Associated With Survival in Men and Women
Brawner, C. A., Al-Mallah, M. H., Ehrman, J. K., Qureshi, W., Blaha, M. J., & Keteyian, S. J. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.12.016 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“n March 2017 year)(21,22) and a 2-MET difference between men and women.(23,24) Using these adjusted METs, patients were categorized into (1) low fitness (<8 METs), (2) intermediate fitness (8 to <11 METs), and (3) high fitness ( 11 METs).”
MethodCross-validation of a non-exercise measure for cardiorespiratory fitness in Singaporean adults
Sloan, R. A., Haaland, B. A., Leung, C., Padmanabhan, U., Koh, H. E., & Zee, A. (2013) · Singapore Medical Journal · doi:10.11622/smedj.2013186 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“5% with every decade of age, with the decrease becoming more significantly accelerated in the elderly.(16) Therefore, we limited our study to participants aged 18–65 years.”
BackgroundMcCormack, G. R., Frehlich, L., Blackstaffe, A., Turin, T. C., & Doyle–Baker, P. K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17041131 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Higher MST is associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause mortality [14–16], weight gain [17], adverse cardiovascular‐related outcomes [11,15,18], metabolic syndrome [7,19], injury [20], and better self‐reported health [21] and quality of life [22].”
BackgroundHeart Rate Performance Curve Is Dependent on Age, Sex, and Performance
Birnbaumer, P., Traninger, H., Borenich, A., Falgenhauer, M., Modre‐Osprian, R., Harpf, H. H., & Hofmann, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00098 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“” Further, maximum ergometer power output was constant up to 50 years which is in line with earlier findings (21), but different to guideline values, which present a continuous decrease with age (22, 35).”
BackgroundResultExtreme Temperature and Mortality by Educational Attainment in Spain, 2012–2018
Keivabu, R. C. (2022) · European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie · doi:10.1007/s10680-022-09641-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Ageing is one of the main factors determining a weakened cardiorespiratory fitness (Jackson et al., 2009; Strait & Lakatta, 2012).”
BackgroundAssociation between dietary intake of micronutrients and cardiorespiratory fitness in Japanese men
Cao, Z., Sasaki, A., Oh, T., Miyatake, N., Tsushita, K., Higuchi, M., Sasaki, S., & Tabata, I. (2012) · Journal of Nutritional Science · doi:10.1017/jns.2012.16 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Carlsen, T., Salvesen, Ø. O., Sui, X., Lavie, C. J., Blair, S. N., Wisløff, U., & Ernstsen, L. (2018) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.01.015 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationBMI and Mortality among Adults with Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Tobias, D., Pan, A., & Hu, F. B. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1401876 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jackson, A. S., Sui, X., Hébert, J. R., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Houston (US)
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2009-10-26
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 1781-7
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3379873
- OpenAlex
- W2145173489
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 33.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R37AG006945, AG06945, R01AG006945)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL62508, R01HL062508)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Performance
- Keywords
- cardiorespiratory fitness, aging, lifestyle factors, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, aerobic exercise, sex differences, Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, treadmill exercise testing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Life Style, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Sex Factors, Smoking, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Linear Models
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
