Meta-analysis of the Impact of 9 Medication Classes on Falls in Elderly Persons
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is increasing recognition that the use of certain medications contributes to falls in seniors. Our objective was to update a previously completed meta-analysis looking at the association of medication use and falling to include relevant drug classes and new studies that have been completed since a previous meta-analysis. METHODS: Studies were identified through a systematic search of English-language articles published from 1996 to 2007. We identified studies that were completed on patients older than 60 years, looking at the association between medication use and falling. Bayesian methods allowed us to combine the results of a previous meta-analysis with new information to estimate updated Bayesian odds ratios (ORs) and 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs) RESULTS: Of 11 118 identified articles, 22 met our inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were completed on 9 unique drug classes, including 79 081 participants, with the following Bayesian unadjusted OR estimates: antihypertensive agents, OR, 1.24 (95% CrI, 1.01-1.50); diuretics, OR, 1.07 (95% CrI, 1.01-1.14); beta-blockers, OR, 1.01 (95% CrI, 0.86-1.17); sedatives and hypnotics, OR, 1.47 (95% CrI, 1.35-1.62); neuroleptics and antipsychotics, OR, 1.59 (95% CrI, 1.37-1.83); antidepressants, OR, 1.68 (95% CrI, 1.47-1.91); benzodiazepines, OR, 1.57 (95% CrI, 1.43-1.72); narcotics, OR, 0.96 (95% CrI, 0.78-1.18); and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, OR, 1.21 (95% CrI, 1.01-1.44). The updated Bayesian adjusted OR estimates for diuretics, neuroleptics and antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines were 0.99 (95% CrI, 0.78-1.25), 1.39 (95% CrI, 0.94-2.00), 1.36 (95% CrI, 1.13-1.76), and 1.41 (95% CrI, 1.20-1.71), respectively. Stratification of studies had little effect on Bayesian OR estimates, with only small differences in the stratified ORs observed across population (for beta-blockers and neuroleptics and antipsychotics) and study type (for sedatives and hypnotics, benzodiazepines, and narcotics). An increased likelihood of falling was estimated for the use of sedatives and hypnotics, neuroleptics and antipsychotics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in studies considered to have "good" medication and falls ascertainment. CONCLUSION: The use of sedatives and hypnotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines demonstrated a significant association with falls in elderly individuals.
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Other studies have found significant increases (OR=1.2-2.6) in the risk of fractures associated with antipsychotics.
“Other studies (506-510) have found significant increases (OR=1.2-2.6) in the risk of fractures associated with AP.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [510]
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“[15, 34].”
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Díaz-Gutiérrez, M. J., Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, M., Sáez de Adana, E., Cano, A. I., Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, M. T., Besga, A., Segarra, R., & González-Pinto, A. (2017) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.002 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
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“Since then, reviews have established use of psychotropics as a risk factor for falls (Bloch et al., 2011; Woolcott et al., 2009).”
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“Research has shown the association between medication use, especially psychotropic and benzodiazepine drugs, and falls (4-6) and fall-related fractures (7) among older adults.”
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Association of polypharmacy with fall risk among geriatric outpatients
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Hurria, A., Browner, I. S., Cohen, H. J., Denlinger, C. S., deShazo, M., Extermann, M., Ganti, A. K., Holland, J. C., Holmes, H. M., Karlekar, M. B., et al. (2012) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2012.0019 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
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“Selected interventions for fall and fracure prevention are outlined in Table 9 [8,46,49-89].”
Background
- Authors
- Woolcott, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Woolcott, John C.
- ORCID
- Woolcott, John C.
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2009-11-01
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 1952
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094113973
- Cited by
- 1,326
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 116 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 122 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 99 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 89 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 71
- FWCI
- 5.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- falls in older adults, fall risk, antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, beta-blockers, sedative-hypnotic drugs, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, narcotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drug safety, fall prevention, geriatric pharmacology, polypharmacy
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Antidepressive Agents, Bayes Theorem, Benzodiazepines, Cardiovascular Agents, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diuretics, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Narcotics, Risk Factors, Sensitivity and Specificity, Antipsychotic Agents, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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