CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 35Infectious Encephalopathies and EncephalitisAutoimmune Neurological Disorders and TreatmentsHerpesvirus Infections and Treatments

Amnesia in Acute Herpetic and Nonherpetic Encephalitis

Hokkanen, L., Salonen, O., Launes, J.·1996·Archives of Neurology
DOI 10.1001/archneur.1996.00550100038013
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how often global amnesia syndrome is encountered as a sequel of herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis (HSVE) and in other types of acute encephalitides, and to evaluate whether there are qualitative differences in amnesia caused by different encephalitides. SUBJECTS: Forty-five consecutive patients with encephalitis (mean age, 40.8 years) studied prospectively within a 5-year period, 8 of whom had HSVE. There were 24 normal controls. MEASURES: Neuropsychological assessment and memory evaluation after the acute stage of encephalitis, as well as at follow-up after 27.7 +/- 18.6 months. RESULTS: Three patients (6%), including 1 with HSVE, had persistent anterc grade and retrograde memory defects, typical features of global amnesia. Twelve patients had anterograde amnesia in the first assessment. No statistically significant differences in the memory measures were found between the HSVE (n = 4) and the non-HSVE (n = 8) groups. Some patients had predominantly semantic difficulty, some had a "frontal-type" memory disorder, and in some patients rapid forgetting was the prominent feature. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of amnesia can reliably be evaluated only in consecutive series of patients. Previous literature, mainly case reports, may give the impression that global amnesia is a common consequence of encephalitis. Our findings do not support that view. Furthermore, there are clear differences in the quality of the memory impairment between cases of acute encephalitides. Our findings suggest that amnesia as a consequence of encephalitis, even HSVE, should not be considered a uniform phenomenon.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archneur.1996.00550100038013

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Hokkanen, L., Salonen, O., & Launes, J.
Affiliations
University of Helsinki (FI)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Neurology
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1996-10-01
Volume
53
Issue
10
Pages
972-978
ISSN
0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archneur.1996.00550100038013
OpenAlex
W2011654824
Cited by
35
References
40
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2013: 2
FWCI
1.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Keywords
amnesia, herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis, acute encephalitis, global amnesia, anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, memory impairment, semantic memory, neuropsychological assessment
MeSH terms
Acute Disease, Adult, Aged, Amnesia, Encephalitis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Herpes Simplex, Humans, Male, Memory, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, Encephalitis, Viral

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review