Neuropsychological sequelae of acute-onset sporadic viral encephalitis
Abstract
Acute encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma. In the USA, by estimation, 20,000 cases occur every year. A variety of cognitive deficits may persist after the acute stage, and they are often the sole cause of disability. Recent literature demonstrates the heterogeneity of both amnestic disorders and the outcome following encephalitis. Herpes simplex virus is the most commonly recognised single aetiology of sporadic encephalitis and it may be the cause of the most severe symptoms. Antiviral medication, however, seems to have improved the cognitive outcome when compared to the historical, untreated cases. The cognitive sequelae following herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) are best known and most commonly described, e.g., in textbooks, but they do not represent the typical symptomatology of encephalitis in general. Much less is unfortunately known about other types of encephalitis, those that account perhaps up to 80% of all cases, where both mild and severe defects have been observed. This article summarises the current knowledge.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Early reports from the pre-acyclovir era describe severe anterograde amnesia due to bilateral hippocampal damage in surviving HSV-1 patients.
“Early reports from the pre-acyclovir era describe severe anterograde amnesia due to bilateral hippocampal damage in surviving HSV-1 patients [38].”
From Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19 (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
Cites
Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases.
(1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-818_5 · Cited by 12,045 · see citing works
Berti, A. (1992) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(92)90076-x · Cited by 4,190 · see citing works
American Journal of Neuroradiology
(2020) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr · Cited by 2,468 · see citing works
Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior
Cummings, J. L. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540080076020 · Cited by 2,262 · see citing works
CATEGORY SPECIFIC SEMANTIC IMPAIRMENTS
Warrington, E. K., & Shallice, T. (1984) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/107.3.829 · Cited by 2,212 · see citing works
Stroop Color and Word Test: Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses.
Golden, C. J., Golden, C. J., & Golden, C. (1978) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 1,814 · see citing works
Preliminary analysis of functions of the temporal lobes in monkeys
KLÜVER, H. (1939) · Archives of Neurology And Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1939.02270240017001 · Cited by 1,696 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The syndrome was first described in monkeys with bilateral temporal lobectomy including the amygdala (Klüver & Bucy, 1939) and in humans it includes bizarre eating, drinking, chewing and biting, altered emotional behaviour and abnormal sexual drive.”
BackgroundTHE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF MEDICINE.
(1907) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1907.02530160050010 · Cited by 1,555 · see citing works
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Jelliffe, S. E., & White, W. A. (1918) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-191803000-00015 · Cited by 1,281 · see citing works
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in the United States, 1976 to 1994
Fleming, D. T., McQuillan, G. M., Johnson, R. E., Nahmias, A. J., Aral, S. O., Lee, F. K., & Louis, M. E. S. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199710163371601 · Cited by 1,186 · see citing works
Brown, J. W. (1990) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199012000-00015 · Cited by 1,128 · see citing works
Kopelman, M. D., Wilson, B. A., & Baddeley, A. (1989) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688638908400928 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Vidarabine versus Acyclovir Therapy in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Whitley, R. J., Alford, C. A., Hirsch, M. S., Schooley, R. T., Luby, J. P., Aoki, F. Y., Hanley, D., Nahmias, A. J., Soong, S.-J., & The NIAID Collaborative Antiviral Study Group* (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198601163140303 · Cited by 896 · see citing works
Adenine Arabinoside Therapy of Biopsy-Proved Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Whitley, R. J., Soong, S., Dolin, R., Galasso, G. J., Chʼien, L. T., Alford, C. A., & the Collaborative Study Group (1977) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197708112970601 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Mussey, J. L. (2018) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781483392271.n535 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
ACYCLOVIR VERSUS VIDARABINE IN HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS
Sköldenberg, B., Alestig, K., Burman, L., Forkman, A., Lövgren, K., Norrby, R., Stiernstedt, G., Forsgren, M., Bergström, T., Dahlqvist, E., et al. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92623-0 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
(2019) · doi:10.12809/hkmj · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Capitani, E., Laiacona, M., Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A. (2003) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290244000266 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Encephalitis and Encephalopathy Associated with an Influenza Epidemic in Japan
Morishima, T., Togashi, T., Yokota, S., Okuno, Y., Miyazaki, C., Tashiro, M., Okabe, N., & the Collaborative Study Group on Influenza‐Associated Encephalopathy in Japan (2002) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/341407 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Herpes simplex encephalitis treated with acyclovir: diagnosis and long term outcome
Mcgrath, N., Anderson, N. E., Croxson, M., & Powell, K. (1997) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.63.3.321 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Epilepsy and Neuron Loss in the Hippocampus
Dam, A. M. (1980) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1980.tb04315.x · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Population-Based Studies of Varicella Complications
Guess, H. A., Broughton, D. D., Melton, L. J., & Kurland, L. T. (1986) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.78.4.723 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis: Clinical Assessment
Whitley, R. J., Soong, S., Linneman, C., Liu, C., Pazin, G., & Alford, C. A. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03320280037026 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Pohjasvaara, T., Erkinjuntti, T., Vataja, R., & Kaste, M. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.4.785 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Central nervous system syndromes of “viral” etiology
Meyer, H. M., Johnson, R. T., Crawford, I. P., Dascomb, H. E., & Rogers, N. G. (1960) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(60)90029-2 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
The anterograde and retrograde retrieval ability of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis
Cermak, L. S., & O’Connor, M. G. (1983) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(83)90039-8 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Whitley, R. J. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199007263230406 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Multimodal Amnesic Syndrome Following Bilateral Temporal and Basal Forebrain Damage
Damásio, A. R., Eslinger, P. J., Damasio, H., Hoesen, G. W. V., & Cornell, S. H. (1985) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1985.04060030070012 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Primary Epstein–Barr-Virus Infections in Acute Neurologic Diseases
Grose, C. F., Henle, W., Henle, G., & Feorino, P. M. (1975) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197502202920804 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Dodrill, C. B. (1986) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1986.tb03559.x · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Kennedy, P. G. E. (2002) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.73.3.237 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Herpes simplex encephalitis: long term magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological profile.
Kapur, N., Barker, S., Burrows, E. H., Ellison, D., Brice, J., Illis, L. S., Scholey, K., Colbourn, C., Wilson, B., & Loates, M. (1994) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.57.11.1334 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
PARA-INFECTIOUS ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AND RELATED SYNDROMES
Miller, H., Stanton, J. B., & GIBBONS, J. L. (1956) · QJM · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a066763 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Herpesvirus Infections of the Human Central Nervous System
Olson, L. C., Buescher, E. L., Artenstein, M. S., & Parkman, P. D. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196712142772401 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Influenza virus and CNS manifestations
Studahl, M. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/s1386-6532(03)00119-7 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Learning about categories in the absence of memory.
Squire, L. R., & Knowlton, B. J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.26.12470 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Retrograde amnesia in patients with diencephalic,temporal lobe or frontal lesions
Kopelman, M. D. (1999) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00143-2 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Herpes Simplex and Acute Inclusion-Body Encephalitis
Drachman, D. A., & ADAMS, R. D. (1962) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1962.04210010051005 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Viral Encephalitis in England, 1989–1998: What Did We Miss?
Davison, K. L., Crowcroft, N. S., Ramsay, M. E., Brown, D., & Andrews, N. J. (2003) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0902.020218 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Herpes zoster at the NIH: A 20 year experience
Mazur, M. H., & Dolin, R. (1978) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(78)90791-x · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The fractionation of retrograde amnesia
Warrington, E. K., & McCarthy, R. A. (1988) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(88)90029-2 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Pietrini, V, Nertempi, P., Vaglia, A., Revello, M. G., Pinna, V, & Ferro-Milone, F. (1988) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.51.10.1284 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF PATIENTS WITH THE ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Vinters, H. V., KWOK, M. K., HO, H. W., Anders, K. H., Tomiyasu, U., Wolfson, W. L., & Robert, F. (1989) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/112.1.245 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Nervous System Involvement in Infectious Mononucleosis
Silverstein, A. (1972) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1972.00490100083009 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The dissociation of anterograde and retrograde amnesia in a patient with herpes encephalitis
O’Connor, M. G., Butters, N., Miliotis, P., Eslinger, P. J., & Cermak, L. S. (1992) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639208402821 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Diseases of the Nervous System: Clinical Neurobiology.
(1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-3-505_14 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Focal retrograde amnesia and the attribution of causality: An exceptionally critical view
Kopelman, M. D. (2000) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/026432900750002172 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Herpes Zoster-Associated Encephalitis
Jemsek, J. G., Greenberg, S. B., Taber, L. H., HARVEY, D., Gershon, A. A., & Couch, R. B. (1983) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/00005792-198303000-00002 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
The anatomy of semantic knowledge: Medial vs. lateral temporal lobe
Levy, D. A., Bayley, P. J., & Squire, L. R. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0401679101 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Stefanacci, L., Buffalo, E. A., Schmolck, H., & Squire, L. R. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-18-07024.2000 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Epidemiology of encephalitis in children. A prospective multicentre study
Koskiniemi, M., Korppi, M. O., Mustonen, K., Rantala, H., Muttilainen, M., Herrgård, E. A., Ukkonen, P., & Vaheri, A. (1997) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s004310050658 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Acquisition of novel semantic information in amnesia: effects of lesion location
Verfaellie, M., Koseff, P., & Alexander, M. P. (2000) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00089-5 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Effect of Major Motor Seizure Frequency upon Cognitive‐Intellectual Functions in Adults
DIKMEN, S. S., & Matthews, C. G. (1977) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1977.tb05583.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Temporally-specific retrograde amnesia in two cases of discrete bilateral hippocampal pathology
Kapur, N., & Brooks, D. J. (1999) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1999)9:3 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1993) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1993.5.1.79 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The encoding capacity of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis
Cermak, L. S. (1976) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(76)90025-7 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
INFLUENZAL ENCEPHALOPATHY AND POSTINFLUENZAL ENCEPHALITIS
Flewett, T. H., & Hoult, J. G. (1958) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(58)90003-5 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Recent developments in herpesvirus therapy.
Naesens, L. M. J., & Clercq, E. D. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Encephalitis and aseptic meningitis, Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950–1981: I. Epidemiology
Beghi, E., Nicolosi, A., Kurland, L. T., Mulder, D. W., Hauser, W. A., & Shuster, L. T. (1984) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410160304 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Right temporofrontal cortex as critical locus for the ecphory of old episodic memories.
Calabrese, P., Markowitsch, H. J., Durwen, H. F., Widlitzek, H., Haupts, M. R., Holinka, B., & Gehlen, W. (1996) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.61.3.304 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Nishimura, S., Ushijima, H., Nishimura, S., Shiraishi, H., Kanazawa, C., Abe, T., Kaneko, K., & Fukuyama, Y. (1993) · Brain and Development · doi:10.1016/0387-7604(93)90088-p · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Dense amnesia in a professional musician following herpes simplex virus encephalitis
Wilson, B. A., Baddeley, A. D., & Kapur, N. (1995) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639508405157 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
RAPID NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS OF HERPES ENCEPHALITIS
Klapper, P. E., Laing, I., & Longson, M. (1981) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92744-6 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Category-specific form-knowledge deficit in a patient with herpes simplex virus encephalitis
Sartori, G., Job, R., Miozzo, M., Zago, S., & Marchiori, G. C. (1993) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639308402563 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
PERSISTENT MEMORY DEFECT FOLLOWING ENCEPHALITIS
Rose, F. C., & Symonds, C. P. (1960) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/83.2.195 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Sköldenberg, B. (1973) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(73)92812-2 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Acute manifestations and neurologic sequelae of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis in children
Domachowske, J. B., Cunningham, C. K., CUMMINGS, D. L., Crosley, C. J., Hannan, W. P., & Weiner, L. B. (1996) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/00006454-199610000-00008 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
ACUTE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS ITS DIAGNOSIS AND OUTCOME
Kennard, C., & Swash, M. (1981) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/104.1.129 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Appelbaum, E., Kreps, S. I., & Sunshine, A. (1962) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(62)90179-1 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Clinical factors associated with dementia in ischaemic stroke.
Ladurner, G., ILIFF, L. D., & Lechner, H. (1982) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.45.2.97 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Multifocal varicella‐zoster virus leukoencephalitis temporally remote from herpes zoster
HORTEN, B. C., Price, R. W., & Jimenez, D. (1981) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410090308 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Spared and Impaired Cognitive Abilities After Bilateral Frontal Damage
Brazzelli, M. G., Colombo, N., Sala, S. D., & Spinnler, H. R. (1994) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80323-1 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Relapsing herpes simplex encephalitis: pathological confirmation of viral reactivation
Yamada, S. M., Kameyama, T., Nagaya, S., Hashizume, Y., & Yoshida, M. (2003) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.2.262 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Mild forms of herpes encephalitis.
Klapper, P. E., Cleator, G. M., & Longson, M. (1984) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.47.11.1247 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Hierons, R., Janota, I., & Corsellis, J. (1978) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700006607 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Actors but not scripts: The dissociation of people and events in retrograde amnesia
McCarthy, R. A., & Warrington, E. K. (1992) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(92)90068-w · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Long-term cognitive sequelae of acyclovir-treated herpes simplex encephalitis.
Gordon, B., Selnes, O., Hart, J., Hanley, D., & Whitley, R. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530060054017 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Changes in Seizure Frequency and Test‐Retest Scores on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Seidenberg, M., OʼLeary, D. S., Berent, S., & Boll, T. J. (1981) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1981.tb04334.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Disseminated herpesvirus infection. Association with primary genital herpes in pregnancy
Young, E. J. (1976) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.235.25.2731 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Colchester, A. C. F. (2001) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.71.1.13 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Rose, F. C., BRETT, E. M., & BURSTON, J. (1964) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1964.00460200051005 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Utley, T., Ogden, J. A., Gibb, A., McGrath, N., & Anderson, N. E. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric symptoms from the temporolimbic lobes
Trimble, M., Mendez, M. F., & Cummings, J. L. (1997) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.9.3.429 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Behaviour disturbances during recovery from herpes simplex encephalitis.
Greenwood, R., Bhalla, A., Gordon, A., & Roberts, J. (1983) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.46.9.809 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Double dissociation of frontal dysfunction in organic amnesia
Leng, N. R. C., & Parkin, A. J. (1988) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00800.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Shoqeirat, M. A., Mayes, A. R., MacDonald, C., Meudell, P. R., & Pickering, A. D. (1990) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1990.tb00903.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Severe illness with influenza B
Baine, W. B., Luby, J. P., & Martin, S. M. (1980) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(80)90352-6 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Viral encephalopathy mimicking functional psychosis
Wilson, L. G. (1976) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.133.2.165 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Herpes simplex encephalitis. Clinical Assessment
Whitley, R. J. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.247.3.317 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Selective loss of imagery in a case of visual agnosia
Mehta, Z., Newcombe, F., & de Haan, E. H. F. (1992) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(92)90069-x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The implicit memory ability of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis
Cermak, L. S., Blackford, S. P., O’Connor, M. G., & Bleich, R. P. (1988) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(88)90026-7 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus type 8 infections of the central nervous system.
Volpi, A. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Acute encephalitis from 1967 to 1991
Rantalaiho, T., Färkkilä, M., Vaheri, A. I., & Koskiniemi, M. (2001) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(01)00441-5 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Viral encephalitis: Neuropsychiatric and neurobehavioral aspects
Arciniegas, D. B., & Anderson, C. A. (2004) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-004-0024-x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
&NA; (1992) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/00006454-199209000-00022 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Reshef, E. R., Greenberg, S. B., & Jankovic, J. J. (1985) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.48.2.122 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
SUBACUTE FOCAL ADENOVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS
Chou, S. M., Roos, R. P., BURRELL, R., Gutmann, L., & HARLEY, J. B. (1973) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-197301000-00003 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
MRI Volumetry of Medial Temporal Lobe Structures in Amnesia following Herpes simplex Encephalitis
Yoneda, Y., Mori, E., Yamashita, H., & Yamadori, A. (2008) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000117051 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Naming deficit in herpes simplex encephalitis
Barbarotto, R., Capitani, E., & Laiacona, M. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00520.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Cognitive recovery instead of decline after acute encephalitis: a prospective follow up study
Hokkanen, L., & Launes, J. (1997) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.63.2.222 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationVaricella-zoster-associated encephalitis: detection of specific antibody in cerebrospinal fluid
Gershon, A. A., Steinberg, S., Greenberg, S. B., & Taber, L. E. (1980) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.12.6.764-767.1980 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Rotavirus encephalopathy: evidence of central nervous system involvement during rotavirus infection.
Keidan, I., Shif, I., Keren, G., & PASSWELL, J. H. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Herpes-Zoster Meningoencephalitis
Norris, F. H., Leonards, R., Calanchini, P. R., & Calder, C. D. (1970) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/122.4.335 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Kopelman, M. D. (2001) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.71.1.23 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Caparros-Lefebvre, D., Girard-Buttaz, I., Reboul, S., Lebert, F., Cabaret, M., Vérier, A., Steinling, M., Pruvo, J., & Petit, H. (1996) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/bf00868522 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment after acute encephalitis: comparison of herpes simplex and other aetiologies.
Hokkanen, L., Poutiainen, E. T., Valanne, L. K., Salonen, O. L. M., Iivanainen, M., & Launes, J. (1996) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.61.5.478 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationRetrograde amnesia: clinical and methodological caveats
Kapur, N., Thompson, P. J., Kartsounis, L. D., & Abbott, P. (1998) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(98)00065-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Verfaellie, M., Croce, P., & Milberg, W. P. (1995) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554799508402374 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Encephalitis in Taiwan: A Prospective Hospital-Based Study
Lee, T.-C., Tsai, C., Yuan, C.-L., Wei, C., Tsao, W., Lee, R.-J., Cheih, S.-Y., Huang, I.-T., & Chen, K. (2003) · Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2003.193 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Clinical Impact of Cytomegalovirus Infections of the Nervous System in Patients with AIDS
McCutchan, J. A. (1995) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/21.supplement_2.s196 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Yes, Brain Biopsy Should Be a Prerequisite for Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Treatment
Hanley, D. F., Johnson, R. T., & Whitley, R. J. (1987) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520240061013 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Cytomegalovirus encephalitis in four immunocompetent patients
Studahl, M., Ricksten, A., Sandberg, T., Bergström, T. B., & Elowson, S. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)93068-x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Focal retrograde amnesia and the attribution of causality: An exceptionally benign commentary
Kapur, N. (2000) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/026432900750002181 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Herpes simplex type 2 virus encephalitis presenting as psychosis
Oommen, K. J., Johnson, P. C., & Ray, C. G. (1982) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90751-3 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Mauri, A., Daum, I., Sartori, G., Riesch, G., & Birbaumer, N. (1994) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639408402682 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Psychosis and Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
SCHLITT, M., Lakeman, F. D., & Whitley, R. J. (1985) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-198511000-00021 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASIAN INFLUENZA
McConkey, B., & Daws, R. A. (1958) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(58)90004-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Neurological Complications of So-called “Influenza”: A Winter Study in South-east Wales
Wells, C. E. (1971) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5745.369 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
MUMPS SURVEILLANCE IN ENGLAND AND WALES 1962-81
Galbraith, N. S., Pusey, J., Young, S. J., Crombie, D. L., & Sparks, J. P. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)90015-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Atypical Brainstem Encephalitis Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus 2
Chu, K., Kang, D., Lee, J., & Yoon, B. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.3.460 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Subcortical type cognitive impairment in herpes zoster encephalitis
Hokkanen, L., Launes, J., Poutiainen, E. T., Valanne, L. K., Salonen, O. L. M., Sirén, J., & Iivanainen, M. V. (1997) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s004150050078 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationPostencephalitic focal retrograde amnesia after bilateral anterior temporal lobe damage
TANAKA, Y., Miyazawa, Y., Hashimoto, R., Nakano, I., & Obayashi, T. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.2.344 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Post-influenzal encephalitis during the influenza A outbreak in 1979/1980
Sulkava, R. O., Rissanen, A., & Pyhälä, R. (1981) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.44.2.161 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
McCarthy, R. A., Kopelman, M. D., & Warrington, E. K. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.024 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Subacute measles virus encephalitis
Budka, H., Urbanits, S., Liberski, P. P., Eichinger, S., & Popow‐Kraupp, T. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.2.586 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Kotila, M., Waltimo, O., Niemi, M., & Laaksonen, R. K. (2008) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000115999 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Diseases of the Nervous System: Clinical Neurobiology
Schulman, S. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03400150127049 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Amnesia in Acute Herpetic and Nonherpetic Encephalitis
Hokkanen, L., Salonen, O., & Launes, J. (1996) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1996.00550100038013 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationIsolated Prolonged Retrograde Amnesia
Yoneda, Y., Yamadori, A., Mori, E., & Yamashita, H. (2008) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000116857 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Para-infectious and post-vaccinal encephalomyelitis
Croft, P. B. (1969) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.45.524.392 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Influenza Type B-Related Encephalopathy
Hochberg, F. H. (1975) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1975.03240200015017 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Disproportionate Retrograde Amnesia in a Patient with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Fujii, T., Yamadori, A., Endo, K., Suzuki, K., & Fukatsu, R. (1999) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70822-0 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: clinical features and residual damage
Oxbury, J., & Maccallum, F. (1973) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.49.572.387 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
PSYCHOSIS FOLLOWING ASIAN INFLUENZA IN BARBADOS
Still, R. (1958) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(58)90006-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Hokkanen, L., Launes, J., Vataja, R., Valanne, L. K., & Iivanainen, M. (1995) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700028245 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationWhitley, R. J., Alford, C. A., Hirsch, M., Schooley, R. T., Luby, J. P., Aoki, F. Y., Hanley, D. F., Nahmias, A. J., Soong, S.-J., & NIAID Collaborative Antiviral Study Group (1987) · Infection · doi:10.1007/bf01650104 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Natural History of Klüver-Bucy Syndrome After Treated Herpes Encephalitis
Hart, R. P., Kwentus, J. A., Frazier, R. B., & Hormel, T. L. (1986) · Southern Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00007611-198611000-00014 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Fulminating Adult-Onset Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in a 49-Year-Old Man
Gagnon, A., & Bouchard, R. W. (2003) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.60.8.1160 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Brain stem encephalitis caused by primary herpes simplex 2 infection in a young woman
Tang, J. W.-T. (2003) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.9.1323 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Rhombencephalitis caused by adenovirus: MR imaging appearance.
Zagardo, M. T., Shanholtz, C. B., Zoarski, G. H., & Rothman, M. I. (1998) · PubMed Central · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Klemola, E., Kääriäinen, L., OLLILA, O., PETTERSSON, T., Jansson, E., HAAPANEN, L., LAPINLEIMU, K., & Forssell, P. (1965) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1965.tb01881.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Atypical herpes type 2 encephalitis associated with normal MRI imaging
Harrison, N. A. (2003) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.7.974 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Andiman, W. A., White-Greenwald, M., & Tinghitella, T. J. (1982) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(82)90422-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Acute herpes simplex encephalitis: clinical assessment and prognostic data
Marton, R., Gotlieb‐Stematsky, T., Klein, C., & Arlazoroff, A. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00191.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pantoni, L., Inzitari, D., Colao, M. G., Mayo, E. D., Marini, P., & Mazzota, F. (1991) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04903.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sivertsen, B., & Christensen, P. B. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00192.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Reed, L. J., Lasserson, D. S., Marsden, P. K., Bright, P., Stanhope, N., & Kopelman, M. D. (2005) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.5.555 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The “Psychogenic” Versus “Organic” Conundrum of Pure Retrograde Amnesia: Is it Still Worth Pursuing?
Lucchelli, F., & Spinnler, H. R. (2002) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70033-9 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Adenovirus Type 2 Encephalitis and Concurrent Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in an Adult Man
West, T. E., Papasian, C. J., Park, B. H., & Parker, S. W. (1985) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1985.04210090083023 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Knowing that ‘Colorado’ goes with ‘Denver’ does not imply knowledge that ‘Denver’ is in ‘Colorado’
Damasio, A. R., & Tranel, D. (1990) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(90)90076-q · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Carvajal, E., Verdeguer, A., Fernández, J.-M., Cañete, A., & Castel, V. (2001) · The American journal of pediatric hematology/oncology · doi:10.1097/00043426-200112000-00016 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cytomegalovirus ventriculoencephalitis presenting as a Wernicke’s encephalopathy–like syndrome
Torgovnick, J., Arsura, E. L., & LALA, D. S. (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.55.12.1910 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with cerebral angiitis and reduced cerebral blood flow
Gjerstad, L., Nyberg-Hansen, R., Bjørland, O., Nakstad, P., Russell, D., & Rootwelt, K. (1986) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1986.tb07871.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Nonverbal Amnesia and Asymmetric Cerebral Lesions Following Encephalitis
Eslinger, P. J., Damasio, H., Damásio, A. R., & Butters, N. (1993) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1006/brcg.1993.1011 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
KORSAKOV'S SYNDROME FOLLOWING HERPES-ZOSTER ENCEPHALITIS
HALL, P. (1963) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(63)91570-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Good cognitive outcome of patients with herpes zoster encephalitis: a follow-up study
Wetzel, K., Asholt, I., Herrmann, E. M., Kratzer, C., Masuhr, F., & Schielke, E. (2002) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-002-0874-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Transient global amnesia as a manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus encephalitis
Pommer, B., Pilz, P. K. D., & Harrer, G. (1983) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/bf00313452 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Acute encephalitis complicating rubella.
Kk, L., Lai, S. T., Lai, J. Y., Ww, Y., So, T., & Ty, W. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Encephalitis Associated with Herpes Zoster: A Case Report and Review *
McKenna, K. F., & Warneke, L. B. (1992) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379203700412 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Case Studies in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
Dennis, K. (2000) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00001199-200010000-00009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Two cases of influenza B encephalitis.
Hawkins, S., Lyttle, J. A., & Connolly, J. H. (1987) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.50.9.1236 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Büttner, T., & Dorndorf, W. (1988) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1001796 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pure Retrograde Amnesia Exists But What is the Explanation?
Hodges, J. R. (2002) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70035-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Adenoviral Meningoencephalitis in a Patient With Lead Toxicity
Kelsey, D. S., & McLean, W. T. (1979) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1979.00500420094016 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kluver Bucy Syndrome with Severe Amnesia Secondary to Herpes Encephalitis
Conlon, P., Kertesz, A., & Mount, J. (1988) · Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · doi:10.1177/070674378803300815 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bayer, W. H. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Does Focal Retrograde Amnesia Exist And if So, What Causes it?
Mayes, A. R. (2002) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70034-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Resolution of psychiatric symptoms secondary to herpes simplex encephalitis
Gaber, T. A.-Z. K. (2003) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.8.1164 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Influenza type B-related encephalopathy. The 1971 outbreak of Reye syndrome in Chicago
Hochberg, F. H. (1975) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.231.8.817 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Prolonged and fatal disseminated cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent woman
Rousseau, F. S., Perronne, C., Dény, P., Mestassi, R., Laraki, H., Marche, C., Leport, C., & Vildé, J. (1993) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/bf01992168 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Méningoencéphalite herpétique du sujet âgé. À propos de 13 observations
Jouanny, P., Vespignani, H., Gérard, A., Jeandel, C., Ducrocq, X., Penin, F., Weber, M., Dureux, J. B., Cuny, G., & Canton, P. (1994) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/s0248-8663(05)81479-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effectiveness of intravenous acyclovir in immunocompetent patient with herpes zoster encephalitis.
Whyte, M. K. B., & Ind, P. W. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6561.1536 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Encephalitis and polyneuritis complicating varicella zoster infection
Twomey, J. A., & Jefferson, D. (1981) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.57.670.507 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Schizophreniform Episode Following Measles Infection
Stoler, M., Meshulam, B., Zoldan, J., & Sirota, P. (1987) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.861 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Laurent, B., Allegri, R., Thomas-Antérion, C., Foyatier-Michel, N., Naegele-Faure, B., & Pellat, J.-M. (1991) · Behavioural Neurology · doi:10.1155/1991/432895 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Laurent, B., Allegri, R., Thomas-Antérion, C., et al. (1991) · PubMed · doi:10.3233/ben-1991-4401 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lowe, C., Knapp, S., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2005) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554790590944591 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Human Herpesvirus 6: an Evolving Story.
Yamanishi, K. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Huber, M., Ziffling, P., Heucke, T., & Wd, H. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Hierons, R. (1996) · Neurocase · doi:10.1093/neucas/2.4.259-q · Cited by 4 · see citing works
[Mumps encephalitis in adulthood].
Alfaro, A., & Granda, D. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 182 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Damiano, R. F., Guedes, B. F., de Rocca, C. C., de Pádua Serafim, A., Castro, L. H. M., Munhoz, C. D., Nitrini, R., Filho, G. B., Miguel, E. C., Lucchetti, G., et al. (2022) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-021-01286-4 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Herpes simplex encephalitis and management of acyclovir in encephalitis patients in France
Stahl, J. ‐., Mailles, A., & de Broucker, T. (2011) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268811000483 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Butler, C., Miller, T. D., Kaur, M. S., Baker, I., Boothroyd, G. D., Illman, N. A., Rosenthal, C. R., Vincent, A. C., & Buckley, C. J. (2014) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2013-306724 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Human hippocampal CA3 damage disrupts both recent and remote episodic memories
Miller, T. D., Chong, T. T. ‐., Davies, A. M. A., Johnson, M. R., Irani, S. R., Husain, M., Ng, T. W. C., Jacob, S., Maddison, P., Kennard, C., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.41836 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Virus-induced neuronal dysfunction and degeneration
Berth, S. H. (2009) · Frontiers in bioscience · doi:10.2741/3595 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The neural basis of effective memory therapy in a patient with limbic encephalitis
Berry, E., Hampshire, A., Rowe, J., Hodges, S., Kapur, N., Watson, P., Browne, G., Smyth, G., Wood, K., & Owen, A. M. (2009) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.164251 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Neuroanatomic and cognitive abnormalities related to herpes simplex virus type 1 in schizophrenia
Schretlen, D. J., Vannorsdall, T. D., Winicki, J. M., Mushtaq, Y., Hikida, T., Sawa, A., Yolken, R. H., Dickerson, F., & Cascella, N. G. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.008 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
One-year Follow-up of Tick-borne Central Nervous System Infections in Childhood
Engman, M., Lindström, K., Sallamba, M., Hertz, C., Sundberg, B., Hansson, M. E. A., Lindquist, L., Örvell, C., Lidefelt, K.-J., & Sundin, M. (2012) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e31824f23c0 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Dreaming with hippocampal damage
Spanò, G., Pizzamiglio, G., McCormick, C., Clark, I. A., De Felice, S., Miller, T. D., Edgin, J. O., Rosenthal, C. R., & Maguire, E. A. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.56211 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Long-term outcome of acute encephalitis of unknown aetiology in adults
Schmidt, A., Bühler, R., Mühlemann, K., Hess, C. W., & Täuber, M. G. (2010) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03276.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Using a paging system in the rehabilitation of encephalitic patients
Emslie, H. C., Wilson, B. A., Quirk, K., Evans, J. J., & Watson, P. (2007) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602010701381933 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Dewar, B., & Gracey, F. (2007) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602010601051610 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sleeping with Hippocampal Damage
Spanò, G., Weber, F. D., Pizzamiglio, G., McCormick, C., Miller, T. D., Rosenthal, C. R., Edgin, J. O., & Maguire, E. A. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.072 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
BERNARD, S., Mailles, A., & Stahl, J. ‐. (2012) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268812002518 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Vernay, M., Sponga, M. A. G., Salanave, B., Oleko, A., Deschamps, V., Malon, A., & Castetbon, K. (2012) · Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Viral Encephalitis after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review
Toomey, D., Phan, T. L., Phan, T. T., Hill, J. A., & Zerr, D. M. (2023) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jtct.2023.06.022 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
on behalf of ENCEPH-UK study group, Cooper, J., Kierans, C., Defres, S., Easton, A., Kneen, R., & Solomon, T. (2017) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2608-2 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Long‐term outcome of acute central nervous system infection in children
Chen, T., & Liu, G. (2018) · Pediatric Investigation · doi:10.1002/ped4.12054 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Quist-Paulsen, E., Ormaasen, V., Kran, A.-M. B., Dunlop, O., Ueland, P. M., Ueland, T., Eikeland, R., Aukrust, P., & Nordenmark, T. H. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52570-2 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Ballesteros, S., Mayas, J., Ruiz-Marquez, E., Prieto, A., Toril, P., Romero, L. P. D. L., CEBALLOS, M. L. D., & Avilés, J. M. R. (2017) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.6570 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Frisch, S., Thiel, F., Marschhauser, A., Villringer, A., Horstmann, A., & Schroeter, M. L. (2014) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-014-7604-4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Herpes Encephalitis in the Immunocompetent Adult: Advances in Neuroimaging
Taber, K. H., & Hurley, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2010.22.2.iv · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Triptish Bhatia, A., Wood, J. A., Iyengar, S., Narayanan, S. S., Beniwal, R. P., Prasad, K. M. R., Chen, K., Yolken, R. H., Dickerson, F., Gur, R. C., et al. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Więdłocha, M., Marcinowicz, P., & Stańczykiewicz, B. (2015) · Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.17219/acem/40460 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Grydeland, H., Walhovd, K. B., Westlye, L. T., Due‐Tønnessen, P., Ormaasen, V., Sundseth, Ø., & Fjell, A. M. (2010) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.10100179 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Employment and Disability Pension After Central Nervous System Infections in Adults
Roed, C., Sørensen, H. T., Rothman, K. J., Skinhøj, P., & Obel, N. (2015) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwu359 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Long-term neuropsychiatric consequences of aseptic meningitis in adult patients
Gunst, J. D., Hjerrild, S., Andersen, H., & Leutscher, P. D. C. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3109/23744235.2015.1018838 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Méningoencéphalites infectieuses de l’adulte non immunodéprimé
Tattevin, P. (2008) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2008.05.021 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Vahter, L., Kannel, K., Sorro, U., Jaakmees, H., Talvik, T., & Gross‐Paju, K. (2014) · Oxford Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1093/omcr/omu028 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Defres, S., Keller, S. S., Das, K., Vidyasagar, R., Parkes, L. M., Burnside, G., Griffiths, M. J., Kopelman, M. D., Roberts, N., Solomon, T., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170215 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Diagnostic Pathways as Social and Participatory Practices: The Case of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Cooper, J., Kierans, C., Defres, S., Easton, A., Kneen, R., & Solomon, T. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151145 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The role of cognitive rehabilitation in limbic encephalitis
Corallo, F., Buono, V. L., Cara, M. D., Salvo, S. D., Formica, C., Morabito, R., Floridia, D., Pastura, C., Rifici, C., D’Aleo, G., et al. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013223 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Nimgaonkar, V. L., Triptish Bhatia, A., Mansour, A., Wesesky, M. A., & Deshpande, S. N. (2019) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2018_86 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Infectious causes of encephalitis
Stahl, J. ‐., & Mailles, A. (2010) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(10)70215-2 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Malingering or expected deficits? A case of herpes simplex encephalitis
Yochim, B. P., Kane, K. D., Horning, S. M., & Pepin, R. L. (2010) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554791003623334 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Outcomes measures in children after acute central nervous system infections and malaria
Postels, D. G., Soldatos, A. G., & LaRovere, K. L. (2019) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/mop.0000000000000823 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Medhı, G., Kapadia, A. N., Parida, S., Chandran, D., Bagepalli, B. S., Netravathi, M., Kumar, K., Gupta, A. K., & Saini, J. S. (2021) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-021-01000-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Jin, H., Huang, R., Zhu, L., Liu, M., Zhao, N., Zhang, H., & Lin, Y. (2024) · The Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1186/s12576-024-00941-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cognitive Impairment After Acute Encephalitis: An ERP Study
Hahn, K., Schildmann, E. K., Baumeister, C., von Seggern, I., & Schielke, E. (2012) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207454.2012.702819 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Weiland, M. (2018) · Activitas Nervosa Superior · doi:10.1007/s41470-018-0019-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jin, B., Tang, Y., Wu, Y., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.896721 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Diamond, B. J., & Mosley, J. E. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_557 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Patt, V. M., & Verfaellie, M. H. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190917982.013.58 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Marques, E. T. A., Demers, M., D’Aiuto, L., Castanha, P. M. S., Yeung, J., Wood, J. A., Chowdari, K. V., Zheng, W., Yolken, R. H., & Nimgaonkar, V. L. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_383 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Case Report: Organic Hallucinosis in Viral Encephalitis
Kusumadewi, A. F. (2021) · Scientia Psychiatrica · doi:10.37275/scipsy.v2i1.31 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
DeRight, J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85372-3_21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Diamond, B. J., & Mosley, J. E. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_557-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Diamond, B. J., & Mosley, J. E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_557 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Episodic and Semantic Memory Disorders
Kuhn, T. P., & Bauer, R. M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3106-0_25
Assessing and Intervening with Chronically Ill Children
Colaluca, B., & Ensign, J. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118269855.ch27
Psychiatric Manifestations of Nervous System Infections
Guptill, J. T., & Massey, W. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470669600.ch68
Henrique, C., & Reimer, R. (2006)
Gunst, J. D., Marinovskij, E., & Leutscher, P. D. C. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3109/00365548.2011.633551
Amnesi og herpes simplex encefalitt : en studie med diffusion tensor imaging og hjernemorfometri
Grydeland, H. (2009) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Encefalitis, epilepsia y depresión. A propósito de un caso
Sánchez, D. B., López, J. B., & Martín-Ávila, G. (2019) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/j.psiq.2019.02.002
Long term cognitive outcome in herpes simplex encephalitis
Khan, F., Ghafoor, F., & Shehna, A. (2018) · IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences · doi:10.18231/.2018.0003
Zečević, I. (2021) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-021-00390-7
Episodic and Semantic Memory Disorders
Bauer, R. M., Gaynor, L. S., Moreno, C. C., & Kuhn, T. P. (2019) · Clinical handbooks in neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93497-6_37
Diamond, B. J., & Mosley, J. E. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_551
Kopelman, M. D. (2012) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0052
Diamond, B. J., & Mosley, J. E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_551
Diamond, B. J., & Mosley, J. E. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_551-4
PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT FOR GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) ENCEPHALITIS: A CASE REPORT
Yusof, M. F. B. M., Sharip, S., Saini, S. M., Rahman, F. N. A., Rahman, H. B. A., & Khalid, R. B. A. (2021) · Journal of Defence Management Social Science & Humanities · doi:10.58247/jdmssh-2021-0401-06
Hassan, U., & Islam, M. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.95498
Aditi, Blackwell, T. A., Fang, X., Sharma, S., Mendoza, M., LANDAY, A. L., Golovko, G., & Samir, P. (2026) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-026-14017-3
Bai, H., Zhou, Q., Li, H., Zhao, C., Bai, Y., Yu, Y., Yan, J., & Lou, L. (2026) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-026-01192-0
A Novel and Sensitive Molecular Method for Nucleic Acid Discovery in CSF Samples
Alshaikh, S. (2011) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)
Neurological and Psychological Forms of Amnesia
Kopelman, M. D. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-53871-4_6
- Authors
- Hokkanen, L., & Launes, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Hokkanen, Laura
- Venue
- Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-08-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4-5
- Pages
- 450-477
- ISSN
- 0960-2011 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0694
- OpenAlex
- W2035329900
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 182
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychological Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Keywords
- viral encephalitis, cognitive sequelae, herpes simplex encephalitis, amnestic disorders, antiviral therapy, long-term outcomes, disability
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Simplexvirus, Encephalitis, Viral
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
