The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms at 2 to 4 Months Post Partum and Early Parenting Practices
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maternal depressive symptoms, reported when infants are 2 to 4 months old, are associated with mothers' early parenting practices. DESIGN: Secondary data analyses collected from the National Evaluation of Healthy Steps for Young Children. Data sources included newborn enrollment questionnaires and parent interviews when infants were 2 to 4 months old. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. SETTING: Twenty-four pediatric practices across the United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5565 families enrolled in Healthy Steps; 4874 mothers (88%) completed 2- to 4-month interviews and provided Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale data; 17.8% of mothers reported having depressive symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ten parenting practices assessed in 3 domains: safety (sleep position and lowering water temperature), feeding (cereal, water, or juice; continuing breastfeeding), and practices to promote child development (showing books, playing with infant, talking to infant, and following 2 or more routines). RESULTS: Mothers with and without depressive symptoms reported similar uses of safety and feeding practices. Mothers with depressive symptoms had reduced odds of continuing breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.88), showing books (AOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.97), playing with the infant (AOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54-0.90), talking to the infant (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.86), and following routines (AOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52-0.72). CONCLUSION: Maternal depressive symptoms are common in early infancy and contribute to unfavorable parenting practices.
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“In addition, difficulties in mother-to-infant bonding could reduce the quality of parenting practices37,53,130,137,145,146 and could affect the rates of abusive behavior.144”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [137]
In the citing paper
“Many studies show that the infant also suffers when the mother is affected by PPD, even when the mother’s symptoms do not reach symptomatic severity of a major depressive disorder (McLearn et al., 2006; Murray and Cooper, 1997b; Righetti-Veltema et al., 2003).”
From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as McLearn et al., 2006
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes
Slomian, J., Honvo, G., Emonts, P., Reginster, J.-Y., & Bruyère, O. (2019) · Women's Health · doi:10.1177/1745506519844044 · Cited by 1,496
Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: a review
Field, T. (2010) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.10.005 · Cited by 1,493
Dennis, C.-L., & McQueen, K. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1629 · Cited by 533
Breastfeeding and depression: A systematic review of the literature
Dias, C. C., & Figueiredo, B. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.022 · Cited by 515
Surkan, P. J., Kennedy, C. E., Hurley, K. M., & Black, M. M. (2011) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.11.088187 · Cited by 458
Metadata
- Authors
- McLearn, K. T., Minkovitz, C. S., Strobino, D. M., Marks, E., & Hou, W.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2006-03-01
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 279
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2137918531
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 19.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Commonwealth Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- maternal depressive symptoms, postpartum depression, infant sleep safety, infant feeding practices, breastfeeding, infant stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Parenting, Depression, Postpartum
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