Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between maternal depression and child growth in developing countries through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Six databases were searched for studies from developing countries on maternal depression and child growth published up until 2010. Standard meta-analytical methods were followed and pooled odds ratios (ORs) for underweight and stunting in the children of depressed mothers were calculated using random effects models for all studies and for subsets of studies that met strict criteria on study design, exposure to maternal depression and outcome variables. The population attributable risk (PAR) was estimated for selected studies. FINDINGS: Seventeen studies including a total of 13,923 mother and child pairs from 11 countries met inclusion criteria. The children of mothers with depression or depressive symptoms were more likely to be underweight (OR: 1.5; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.2-1.8) or stunted (OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7). Subanalysis of three longitudinal studies showed a stronger effect: the OR for underweight was 2.2 (95% CI: 1.5-3.2) and for stunting, 2.0 (95% CI: 1.0-3.9). The PAR for selected studies indicated that if the infant population were entirely unexposed to maternal depressive symptoms 23% to 29% fewer children would be underweight or stunted. CONCLUSION: Maternal depression was associated with early childhood underweight and stunting. Rigorous prospective studies are needed to identify mechanisms and causes. Early identification, treatment and prevention of maternal depression may help reduce child stunting and underweight in developing countries.
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Maternal depression has been shown to affect child health and growth.
“but maternal depression has been shown to affect child health47 and growth.48”
From Effect of psychosocial interventions on social functioning in depression and schizophrenia: meta-analysis (2013) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Surkan, P. J., Kennedy, C. E., Hurley, K. M., & Black, M. M.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Venue
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization
- Publisher
- WHO Press
- Published
- 2011-05-26
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 608-615E
- ISSN
- 0042-9686 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3150769
- OpenAlex
- W2110270352
- Cited by
- 458
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Bulletin of the World Health Organization (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Keywords
- maternal depression, child growth, underweight children, child stunting, early childhood, developing countries, population attributable risk, maternal depressive symptoms, child malnutrition
- MeSH terms
- Child Development, Child, Preschool, Depression, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers
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