The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms at 2 to 4 Months Post Partum and Early Parenting Practices
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maternal depressive symptoms, reported when infants are 2 to 4 months old, are associated with mothers' early parenting practices. DESIGN: Secondary data analyses collected from the National Evaluation of Healthy Steps for Young Children. Data sources included newborn enrollment questionnaires and parent interviews when infants were 2 to 4 months old. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. SETTING: Twenty-four pediatric practices across the United States. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5565 families enrolled in Healthy Steps; 4874 mothers (88%) completed 2- to 4-month interviews and provided Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale data; 17.8% of mothers reported having depressive symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ten parenting practices assessed in 3 domains: safety (sleep position and lowering water temperature), feeding (cereal, water, or juice; continuing breastfeeding), and practices to promote child development (showing books, playing with infant, talking to infant, and following 2 or more routines). RESULTS: Mothers with and without depressive symptoms reported similar uses of safety and feeding practices. Mothers with depressive symptoms had reduced odds of continuing breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.88), showing books (AOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.97), playing with the infant (AOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54-0.90), talking to the infant (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.86), and following routines (AOR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52-0.72). CONCLUSION: Maternal depressive symptoms are common in early infancy and contribute to unfavorable parenting practices.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition, difficulties in mother-to-infant bonding could reduce the quality of parenting practices37,53,130,137,145,146 and could affect the rates of abusive behavior.144”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [137]
In the citing paper
“Many studies show that the infant also suffers when the mother is affected by PPD, even when the mother’s symptoms do not reach symptomatic severity of a major depressive disorder (McLearn et al., 2006; Murray and Cooper, 1997b; Righetti-Veltema et al., 2003).”
From The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans (2016) · cites this paper as McLearn et al., 2006
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development
(2000) · doi:10.17226/9824 · Cited by 4,484
From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development
Carey, W. B. (2001) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200104000-00011 · Cited by 2,678
Maternal depression and parenting behavior
Lovejoy, M. C., Graczyk, P. A., O'Hare, E., & Neuman, G. (2000) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(98)00100-7 · Cited by 2,667
Children of depressed parents: An integrative review.
Downey, G., & Coyne, J. C. (1990) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.1.50 · Cited by 2,363
Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health
UNSPECIFIED (2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e319432004-001 · Cited by 2,170
Bus, A. G., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Pellegrini, A. D. (1995) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543065001001 · Cited by 2,063
Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents.
Green, M. (1994) · Cited by 1,663
Cohort study of depressed mood during pregnancy and after childbirth
Evans, J., Heron, J., Francomb, H., Oke, S., & Golding, J. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7307.257 · Cited by 1,273
Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk
Work Group on Breastfeeding (1997) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.100.6.1035 · Cited by 1,240
Richters, J. E. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.3.485 · Cited by 779
Field, T., Healy, B. T., Goldstein, S., & Guthertz, M. (1990) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.1.7 · Cited by 715
Kleinman, R. E. (2003) · Cited by 656
Prospective study of postpartum depression: Prevalence, course, and predictive factors.
O’Hara, M. W., Neunaber, D. J., & Zekoski, E. M. (1984) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.93.2.158 · Cited by 632
CARTER, A. S., GARRITY-ROKOUS, F. E., CHAZAN-COHEN, R., LITTLE, C., & BRIGGS-GOWAN, M. J. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200101000-00012 · Cited by 537
(2003) · PubMed · Cited by 531
Screening for Depression: Recommendations and Rationale
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force* (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-10-200205210-00012 · Cited by 524
Longitudinal Study of Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Well-Being
LUOMA, I., TAMMINEN, T., KAUKONEN, P., LAIPPALA, P., PUURA, K., SALMELIN, R., & ALMQVIST, F. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200112000-00006 · Cited by 490
Prospective study of postpartum depression: Prevalence, course, and predictive factors.
O’Hara, M. W., Neunaber, D. J., & Zekoski, E. M. (1984) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.93.2.158 · Cited by 452
Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Children's Receipt of Health Care in the First 3 Years of Life
Minkovitz, C. S., Strobino, D. M., Scharfstein, D., Hou, W., Miller, T., Mistry, K. B., & Swartz, K. (2005) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0341 · Cited by 426
Self-citationTask Force on Infant Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (2000) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.105.3.650 · Cited by 423
Infant Development and Developmental Risk: A Review of the Past 10 Years
Zeanah, C. H., Boris, N. W., & Larrieu, J. A. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199702000-00007 · Cited by 320
Maternal depressive symptoms and infant health practices among low-income women
Chung, E. K., McCollum, K. F., Elo, I. T., Lee, H. J., & Culhane, J. F. (2004) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.113.6.e523 · Cited by 315
Joint picture-book reading correlates of early oral language skill
DeBaryshe, B. D. (1993) · Journal of Child Language · doi:10.1017/s0305000900008370 · Cited by 291
The Use and Misuse of Fruit Juice in Pediatrics
Committee on Nutrition (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.107.5.1210 · Cited by 286
Olson, A. L., Kemper, K. J., Kelleher, K. J., Hammond, C. S., ZUCKERMAN, B. S., & Dietrich, A. J. (2002) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.110.6.1169 · Cited by 284
Changing concepts of SIDS : Implications for infant sleeping environment and sleep position
Task Force on Infant Sleep Position (2000) · PEDIATRICS · Cited by 271
The Use and Misuse of Fruit Juice in Pediatrics
(2016) · American Academy of Pediatrics eBooks · doi:10.1542/9781610020190-part05-the_use · Cited by 242
Supports, stressors, and depressive symptoms in low-income mothers of young children.
Hall, L. A., Williams, C. A., & Greenberg, R. (1985) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.75.5.518 · Cited by 236
Detection of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms by Screening at Well-Child Visits
Chaudron, L. H., Szilagyi, P. G., Kitzman, H. J., Wadkins, H. I. M., & Conwell, Y. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.113.3.551 · Cited by 232
A Practice-Based Intervention to Enhance Quality of Care in the First 3 Years of Life
Minkovitz, C. S., Hughart, N., Strobino, D. M., Scharfstein, D., Grason, H. A., Hou, W., Miller, T., Bishai, D. M., Augustyn, M. C., McLearn, K. T., et al. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.23.3081 · Cited by 225
Self-citationBus, A. G., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Pellegrini, A. D. (1995) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170476 · Cited by 193
Parental prevention practices for young children in the context of maternal depression
McLennan, J. D., & Kotelchuck, M. (2000) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.105.5.1090 · Cited by 170
Bradley, R. H. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429401459-15 · Cited by 169
Maternal Depression: A Concern for Pediatricians
ZUCKERMAN, B. S., & Beardslee, W. R. (1987) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.79.1.110 · Cited by 161
The Effect of Maternal Depressive Symptomatology on Maternal Behaviors Associated With Child Health
Leiferman, J. A. (2002) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/109019802237027 · Cited by 149
GIELEN, A. C., McDonald, E. M., Wilson, M., Hwang, W., Serwint, J. R., Andrews, J. S., & Wang, M. (2002) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.156.1.33 · Cited by 130
Validity of Maternal Report of Acute Health Care Use for Children Younger Than 3 Years
D’Souza-Vazirani, D., Minkovitz, C. S., & Strobino, D. M. (2005) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.2.167 · Cited by 118
Self-citationOral Water Intoxication in Infants
Keating, J. (1991) · American journal of diseases of children · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160090037018 · Cited by 104
Correlates of Maternal Depressive Symptoms in a National Head Start Program Sample
Lanzi, R. G., Pascoe, J. M., Keltner, B. R., & Ramey, S. L. (1999) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.153.8.801 · Cited by 93
Fleming, A. S., Ruble, D. N., Flett, G. L., & Wagner, V. V. (1990) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.1.137 · Cited by 86
Lyons‐Ruth, K., Wolfe, R., Lyubchik, A., & Steingard, R. J. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499753.008 · Cited by 84
Early Effects of the Healthy Steps for Young Children Program
Minkovitz, C. S. (2001) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.155.4.470 · Cited by 80
Self-citationScald Burns From Hot Tap Water
Katcher, M. L. (1981) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1981.03320110031022 · Cited by 68
Reading, Rhymes, and Routines: American Parents and Their Young Children
Britto, P. R., Fuligni, A. S., & Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499753.005 · Cited by 53
Infant sleep position following new AAP guidelines. American Academy of Pediatrics.
Gibson, E., Cullen, J. A., Spinner, S. S., Rankin, K., & Spitzer, A. R. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 49
Validation of parent self reported home safety practices
Robertson, A. S., Rivara, F. P., Ebel, B. E., Lymp, J. F., & Christakis, D. (2005) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/ip.2005.009019 · Cited by 35
Scald burns from hot tap water
Ml, K. (1981) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.246.11.1219 · Cited by 30
The Injury Prevention Program (TIPP)
Hobbie, C. (1991) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/0891-5245(91)90085-5 · Cited by 16
Families with Children Under 3: What We Know and Implications for Results and Policy
Halfon, N., & McLearn, K. T. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499753.013 · Cited by 15
Self-citationBreastfeeding in the United States Today: Are Families Prepared?
Slusser, W. M., & Lange, L. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511499753.007 · Cited by 7
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes
Slomian, J., Honvo, G., Emonts, P., Reginster, J.-Y., & Bruyère, O. (2019) · Women's Health · doi:10.1177/1745506519844044 · Cited by 1,496
Postpartum depression effects on early interactions, parenting, and safety practices: a review
Field, T. (2010) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2009.10.005 · Cited by 1,493
Dennis, C.-L., & McQueen, K. (2009) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1629 · Cited by 533
Breastfeeding and depression: A systematic review of the literature
Dias, C. C., & Figueiredo, B. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.022 · Cited by 515
Surkan, P. J., Kennedy, C. E., Hurley, K. M., & Black, M. M. (2011) · Bulletin of the World Health Organization · doi:10.2471/blt.11.088187 · Cited by 458
Metadata
- Authors
- McLearn, K. T., Minkovitz, C. S., Strobino, D. M., Marks, E., & Hou, W.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2006-03-01
- Volume
- 160
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 279
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2137918531
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 19.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Commonwealth Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- maternal depressive symptoms, postpartum depression, infant sleep safety, infant feeding practices, breastfeeding, infant stimulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Parenting, Depression, Postpartum
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review