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Cited by 231Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Level of Arousal and the Subclassification of Schizophrenia

VENABLES, P. H.·1962·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1962.01720020038006
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Abstract

Introduction Previous experiments have suggested that there is a relationship between level of arousal and behavioral withdrawal in chronic schizophrenic patients (Tizard and Venables, 1957; Venables, 1960). It has also been shown that clinically defined subgroups of chronic schizophrenics differ significantly in degree of social withdrawal (Wing, 1960, 1961). The work to be described was designed to investigate further the relationships between arousal, withdrawal, and clinical condition. Arousal level is a concept which appears to have 2 origins, one psychological and the other physiological. In psychological theory its history may be traced back to such notions as "energy mobilization," Cannon (1915), Duffy (1951), or "behavioral substrate," Freeman (1948). More recently, the close parallel between these ideas and the physiological definition of arousal developing from the work on the reticular system has led to the earlier psychological constructs being subsumed under the heading

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  • Psychophysiological studies of patients with schizophrenia indicate comparable or more exaggerated facial responsivity to positive and negative stimuli, assessed via facial electromyography, skin conductance, and affective modulation of the startle eyeblink response.

    “psychophysiological studies of patients with schizophrenia indicate comparable or more exaggerated facial responsivity to positive and negative stimuli, assessed via facial electromyography [397,398], skin conductance [399,400], and affective modulation of the startle eyeblink response [401,402].”

    From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [400]

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Authors
VENABLES, P. H.
Corresponding author
VENABLES, P. H.
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1962-08-01
Volume
7
Issue
2
Pages
114
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1962.01720020038006
OpenAlex
W2131407558
Cited by
231
References
12
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
FWCI
18.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords
schizophrenia, arousal level, social withdrawal, withdrawal behavior, chronic schizophrenia, schizophrenia subtypes, reticular activating system, energy mobilization
MeSH terms
Arousal, Humans, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology

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