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Cited by 371

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The First Drink: Psychobiological Aspects of Craving

Ludwig, Arnold M.·1974·Archives of General Psychiatry
DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760100093015
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Abstract

This study attempts to explicate some of the major determinants of relapse in alcoholics by manipulating craving and alcohol acquisition behavior through appropriate interoceptive and exteroceptive stimulation. Subjective, behavioral, physiological, and neurophysiological measures were used with 24 chronic alcoholics, randomly assigned to one of two groups—label (L) and nonlabel (NL). In the L situation, exteroceptive cues—such as the clear sight and smell of alcohol—were conducive to appropriate "cognitive labeling." Alcoholic subjects in each group were administered either a placebo (P), high (Hi), or low dose (Lo) of alcohol. Consistent with the conditioning theory proposed, the results generally indicated that craving and alcohol acquisition behavior, as well as conversion from abstinence to alcohol acquisition, were a function of the combination of appropriate interoceptive and exteroceptive cues, with the Lo (L) group condition producing the greatest effects. It appeared that a sufficient amount of alcohol, administered in the context of explicit drinking cues, could act much like hors d'oeuvres and thereby contribute to the "first drink" relapse phenomenon.

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Metadata

Authors
Ludwig, A. M.
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1974-04-01
Volume
30
Issue
4
Pages
539
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760100093015
OpenAlex
W2128518842
Cited by
371
References
27
FWCI
8.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The First Drink: Psychobiological Aspects of Craving. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760100093015
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Ludwig, A. M. (1974). The First Drink: Psychobiological Aspects of Craving. Archives of General Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760100093015

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.