Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire.

Kavanagh, David J.; Andrade, Jackie; May, Jon

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.112.2.446

Cited by 956Behavioral Health and InterventionsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire.

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Kavanagh, David J., Andrade, Jackie, May, Jon·2005·Psychological Review

DOI 10.1037/0033-295x.112.2.446

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Abstract

The authors argue that human desire involves conscious cognition that has strong affective connotation and is potentially involved in the determination of appetitive behavior rather than being epiphenomenal to it. Intrusive thoughts about appetitive targets are triggered automatically by external or physiological cues and by cognitive associates. When intrusions elicit significant pleasure or relief, cognitive elaboration usually ensues. Elaboration competes with concurrent cognitive tasks through retrieval of target-related information and its retention in working memory. Sensory images are especially important products of intrusion and elaboration because they simulate the sensory and emotional qualities of target acquisition. Desire images are momentarily rewarding but amplify awareness of somatic and emotional deficits. Effects of desires on behavior are moderated by competing incentives, target availability, and skills. The theory provides a coherent account of existing data and suggests new directions for research and treatment.

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Several studies show that restrictive eaters experience more food cravings.
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From Craving for carbs: food craving and disordered eating in low-carb dieters and its association with intermittent fasting (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
The ‘Interference with imagery’ section (page unavailable) describes studies measuring food cravings in dieters and nondieters. It reports that food-related images increased craving ratings, but does not say restrictive eaters had more cravings than nonrestrictive eaters or that several studies found that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Intrusive thoughts on the addictive activity can be tormenting if there is little chance of realizing them in action.
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Authors: Kavanagh, D. J., Andrade, J., & May, J.
Affiliations: The University of Queensland (AU)
University of Sheffield (GB)
ORCID: Kavanagh, David J.
Andrade, Jackie
May, Jon
Venue: Psychological Review
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2005-04
Volume: 112
Issue: 2
Pages: 446-467
ISSN: 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
1939-1471
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.112.2.446
OpenAlex: W2141738416
Cited by: 956
References: 277
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 103 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 3.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Locations: Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
PEARL (University of Plymouth) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: desire, appetitive behavior, intrusive thoughts, cognitive elaboration, working memory, sensory imagery, affective cognition, conscious cognition, emotional deficits
MeSH terms: Cognition, Humans, Imagination, Psychological Theory, Volition

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Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire.

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