Cited by 660Sleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related FatigueCircadian rhythm and melatonin

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Short and Long Sleep and Sleeping Pills: Is Increased Mortality Associated?

Kripke, Daniel F.·1979·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780010109014

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Abstract

Prospective epidemiologic data of the American Cancer Society disclosed that reported usual sleep durations among groups who complained of insomnia and sleeping pill use "often" overlapped with those of groups who had no complaints. Reports of insomnia were not consistently associated with increased mortality when several factors were controlled; however, men who reported usually sleeping less than four hours were 2.80 times as likely to have died within six years as men who reported 7.0 to 7.9 hours of sleep. The ratio for women was 1.48. Men and women who reported sleeping ten hours or more had about 1.8 times the mortality of those who reported 7.0 to 7.9 hours of sleep. Those who reported using sleeping pills "often" had 1.5 times the mortality of those who "never" used sleeping pills. These results do not prove that mortality could be reduced by altering sleep durations or by reducing hypnotic prescribing. Rather, studies are needed to determine the causes of these mortality risk factors.

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Authors: Kripke, D. F.
Corresponding author: Kripke, Daniel F.
ORCID: Kripke, Daniel F.
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1979-01-01
Volume: 36
Issue: 1
Pages: 103
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780010109014
OpenAlex: W2151482188
Cited by: 660
References: 27
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 9.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords: sleep duration, insomnia, hypnotics, mortality, sex differences, long sleep, short sleep duration, hypnotic prescribing
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Coronary Disease, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Neoplasms, Sex Factors, Sleep, Suicide, Time Factors

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Short and Long Sleep and Sleeping Pills: Is Increased Mortality Associated?

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