Sleep and sleep electroencephalogram in depressed patients treated with phenelzine
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The beneficial effect of antidepressant interventions has been proposed to depend on suppression of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or inhibition of electroencephalographic (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA) in non-REM sleep. Use of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine sulfate can eliminate REM sleep. We studied the relation between REM sleep suppression and antidepressant response and the effect of phenelzine therapy on sleep EEG power spectra. METHODS: Open-labeled prescriptions of 30 to 90 mg of phenelzine were given to 11 patients with major depressive disorder (6 men and 5 women; mean age, 41.4 years); all were physically healthy. Mood, dream recall, sleep, sleep EEG, and ocular and muscular activity during sleep were studied before treatment and during the third and fifth weeks of pharmacotherapy. RESULTS: Six patients remitted from depression, 2 responded partially, and 3 showed no antidepressant response. Independent from clinical response, REM sleep was dramatically suppressed. On average, only 4.9 minutes of REM sleep was observed in treatment week 5, and it was completely absent in 6 patients. This effect was compensated for by increased stage 2 sleep. In non-REM sleep, EEG power was higher than at baseline between 16.25 and 25 Hz. Slow-wave activity (power within 0.75-4.5 Hz) and the exponential decline of SWA during sleep were not affected. CONCLUSIONS: Antidepressant response to phenelzine treatment does not depend on elimination of REM sleep or inhibition of SWA in non-REM sleep. In depressed patients, REM sleep is regulated independently from non-REM sleep and can be manipulated without altering the dynamics of SWA.
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Pharmacologically induced REM sleep suppression does not affect dream recall.
“REM sleep suppression pharmacologically-induced did not affect dream recall”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as Landolt et al., 2001
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Brain Correlates of Successful Dream Recall
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Sleep and Memory Consolidation
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The Overlap Between Sleep Disorders and Psychiatric Disorders
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- Authors
- Landolt, H.-P., Raimo, E. B., Schnierow, B. J., Kelsoe, J. R., Rapaport, M. H., & Gillin, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2001-03-01
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 268
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2123712104
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh038738-09)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-38738, MH30914)
- National Center for Research Resources (M-01RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- phenelzine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, major depressive disorder, REM sleep suppression, slow-wave activity, antidepressant response, stage 2 sleep, dream recall
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Depressive Disorder, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Dreams, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Phenelzine, Mental Recall, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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