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Cited by 101Influenza Virus Research StudiesRespiratory viral infections researchPneumonia and Respiratory Infections

Hong Kong Influenza: Clinical, Microbiologic, and Pathologic Features in 127 Cases

Lindsay, Malcolm I.·1970·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.1970.03180100019004
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Abstract

During an epidemic, in November and December 1968, the influenza A Hong Kong/68 virus was isolated from 127 adult patients. The procedures for isolation and identification of this virus are described. The clinical manifestations were similar to those of Asian influenza in 1957. Pneumonia was a complication in 20 cases. Based on roentgenograms, these cases were separated into the following two distinct syndromes: localized pneumonia (ten cases), either bacterial or viral, with low mortality (two deaths); and bilateral or diffuse pneumonia (ten cases), a primary influenza virus pneumonia, with high mortality (six deaths). Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was present in six of the eight fatal cases. Patients who were elderly, had associated chronic disease, or were hospitalized with other illnesses were most prone to develop pneumonia. Current methods of influenza control are discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1001/jama.1970.03180100019004

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  • Historical and contemporary descriptions of influenza pathology have focused predominantly or exclusively on disease caused by seasonal or pandemic influenza A viruses.

    “Historical and contemporary descriptions of influenza pathology have characteristically focused, predominantly or exclusively, on disease caused by seasonal or pandemic influenza A viruses [2,3,[10][11][12][13][14][15].”

    From Myocardial Injury and Bacterial Pneumonia Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Fatal Influenza B Virus Infection (2012) · cites this paper as [13]

  • The time from onset to death observed with fatal influenza B was more rapid than the duration of fatal illness described for pandemic 1918 A(H1N1), pandemic 1957 A(H2N2), pandemic 1968 A(H3N2), pandemic 2009 H1N1, and seasonal A(H3N2) viruses.

    “The time from onset to death observed with fatal influenza B was more rapid than the duration of fatal illness described for pandemic 1918 A(H1N1), pandemic 1957 A(H2N2), pandemic 1968 A(H3N2), pandemic 2009 H1N1, and seasonal A(H3N2) viruses [3, 10-13, 4).”

    From Myocardial Injury and Bacterial Pneumonia Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Fatal Influenza B Virus Infection (2012) · cites this paper as [13]

  • At the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, of 129 adults diagnosed with pandemic influenza, pneumonia was established in 16%, of which 40% (6% of all 129) were fatal.

    “Of 129 adults diagnosed with pandemic influenza, pneumonia was established in 16%, of which 40% of these cases (6% of all 129 influenza cases) were fatal.”

    From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Lindsay et al., 1970

  • At the Mayo Clinic, S. aureus or P. aeruginosa bacterial infection was present in 75% of all fatal cases, indicating bacterial co/secondary infection was a major determinant of severe disease and death.

    “S. aureus or P. aeruginosa bacterial infection was present in 75% of all fatal cases, indicating bacterial co/secondary infection was a major determinant of severe disease and death (Lindsay et al., 1970).”

    From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Lindsay et al., 1970

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Authors
Lindsay, M. I.
Corresponding author
Lindsay, Malcolm I.
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1970-12-07
Volume
214
Issue
10
Pages
1825
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.1970.03180100019004
OpenAlex
W2143897503
Cited by
99
References
12
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
FWCI
6.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Keywords
Hong Kong influenza, influenza virus isolation, clinical features, influenza-associated pneumonia, secondary bacterial infection, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mortality, influenza control, elderly patients
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Amantadine, Autopsy, Cross Infection, Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral, Female, Hemadsorption, Hemagglutination, Humans, Influenza, Human, Male, Middle Aged, Minnesota, Orthomyxoviridae, Pneumonia, Pseudomonas Infections, Staphylococcal Infections

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