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Cited by 479Influenza Virus Research StudiesPneumonia and Respiratory InfectionsRespiratory viral infections research

STUDIES ON INFLUENZA IN THE PANDEMIC OF 1957-1958. II. PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF INFLUENZA*†

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Louria, Donald B., Blumenfeld, Herbert L., Ellis, John T., Kilbourne, Edwin D., Rogers, David E.·1959·Journal of Clinical Investigation
DOI 10.1172/jci103791PMC PMC444127
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Abstract

ASCVD, arteriosclerotic heart disease; CO, coronary occlusion; AS, aortic stenosis; Al, aortic insufficiency.Where pulmonary symptoms blended with initial influenza symptoms the interval has been listed as <1.Cough, chest pain, dyspnea and cyanosis are graded in severity from 0 to + + +.RLL.right lower

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  • Staphylococcus aureus, a relatively minor cause of 1918 fatalities, was predominant in culture results from 1957-1958, and negative lung tissue cultures were more common, possibly due to widespread antibiotic administration.

    “Staphylococcus aureus, a relatively minor cause of the 1918 fatalities, was predominant in the culture results from 1957–1958 [21, 57-61], and negative lung tissue cultures were more common, possibly as a result of the widespread administration of antibiotics [57, 58, 61].”

    From Predominant Role of Bacterial Pneumonia as a Cause of Death in Pandemic Influenza: Implications for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (2008) · cites this paper as [59]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) says bacteria were almost invariably isolated from fatal 1918–19 cases and that S. aureus was the associated pathogen in a majority of the fatal influenza pneumonias it discusses from later years. It does not establish that staphylococci were a relatively minor cause of 1918 fatalities. More importantly, its section on primary influenza virus pneumonia argues that antibiotics were unlikely to have made the culture-negative lungs in its cases sterile, contrary to the proposed explanation. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • In the context of the Louria classification scheme, S. aureus is likely to be a secondary invader primarily during concomitant viral-bacterial pneumonia, whereas pneumococcus is equally well suited as a late secondary pathogen following the clearance of the virus.

    “In the context of the Louria classification scheme [13], S. aureus is likely to be a secondary invader primarily during concomitant viral-bacterial pneumonia, whereas pneumococcus is equally well suited as a late secondary pathogen following the clearance of the virus.”

    From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [13]

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 10

  1. Chinard, F. P. Estimation of plasma volume by dye dilution method in Methods in Medical Research. Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1951, vol. 4, p. 38.
  2. Bessman, S. P. Personal communication. 14. Friedemann, T. E., and Haugen, G. E. Pyruvic acid. II. The determination of keto acids in blood and urine. J. biol. Chem. 1943, 147, 415.
  3. J. clin. Invest. 1945, 24, 192.
  4. Perrier, C. V., Hausser, E., and Paccaud, M. F. Sur quelques cas de broncho-pneumonie grippale d'evolution fatale; isolement du virus A/Asia/57 dans deux cas. Praxis 1957, 46, 1121.
  5. Wolbach, S. B. Comments on the pathology and bacteriology of fatal influenza cases as observed at Camp Devens, Mass. Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp. 1919, 30, 104.
  6. Louis, C. V. Mosby Co., 1921.
  7. Michael, M., Jr. Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia with special reference to its occurrence as a com- plication of influenza. J. Amer. med. Ass. 1942, 118, 869.
  8. Winternitz, M. G., Wason, I. M., and McNamara, F. P. The Pathology of Influenza. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1920.
  9. Stokes, J., Jr., and Wolman, I. J. The probable syn- ergism of human influenza virus and staphylococcus aureus in a rapidly fatal respiratory infection. Int. Clin. 1940, 1, 115.
  10. Deaths from Asian influenza, 1957. A report by the Public Health Laboratory Service based on rec- ords from hospital and public health laboratories. Brit. med. J. 1958, 1, 915.

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Authors
Louria, D. B., Blumenfeld, H. L., Ellis, J. T., Kilbourne, E. D., & Rogers, D. E.
Affiliations
Weill Cornell Medical Center (US)
ORCID
Ellis, John T.
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher
American Society for Clinical Investigation
Published
1959-01-01
Volume
38
Issue
1 Pt 1-2
Pages
213-265
ISSN
0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1172/jci103791
PMC
PMC444127
OpenAlex
W2111014042
Cited by
479
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 21
FWCI
18.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Pfizer
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
Keywords
influenza, pulmonary complications, respiratory symptoms, cough, chest pain, dyspnea, cyanosis
MeSH terms
Humans, Influenza, Human, Lung, Pandemics

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