The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
High-Intensity Strength Training in Nonagenarians: Effects on Skeletal Muscle
Abstract
Muscle dysfunction and associated mobility impairment, common among the frail elderly, increase the risk of falls, fractures, and functional dependency. We sought to characterize the muscle weakness of the very old and its reversibility through strength training. Ten frail, institutionalized volunteers aged 90 +/- 1 years undertook 8 weeks of high-intensity resistance training. Initially, quadriceps strength was correlated negatively with walking time (r = -.745). Fat-free mass (r = .732) and regional muscle mass (r = .752) were correlated positively with muscle strength. Strength gains averaged 174% +/- 31% (mean +/- SEM) in the 9 subjects who completed training. Midthigh muscle area increased 9.0% +/- 4.5%. Mean tandem gait speed improved 48% after training. We conclude that high-resistance weight training leads to significant gains in muscle strength, size, and functional mobility among frail residents of nursing homes up to 96 years of age.
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In the citing paper
“With exercise, frail older people can gain muscle strength and function into their 9th and 10th decades of life, as shown in resistance-training studies.133e135”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [133]
In the citing paper
“for over three decades [17,35,36], high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) has been recognized as a safe and effective means to combat frailty”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“such individuals remain very capable of undertaking high intensity PRT, even in the tenth decade of life [35,84]”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Evidence dating back to 1990 has shown that high-intensity PRT is both feasible and effective for older adults who are severely frail [35].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“A properly designed PRT program can counteract age-related changes in contractile function, atrophy, and morphology of the aging human skeletal muscles [17,35,36].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“In 1990, Fiatarone et al. [35] showed that an 8-week high-intensity PRT program in frail institutionalized nonagenarians led to a 9% increase in mid-thigh muscle area determined by computer tomography.”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Resistance training programs or multicomponent exercise interventions with robust PRT have enhanced muscle strength in older adults with frailty and sarcopenia [35,84,241,[456], [457], [458], [459]].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The major barrier to the implementation of robust exercise in this setting, as shown since 1990 [35], is the lack of financial reimbursement, trained professionals and the necessary equipment to conduct these programs with fidelity.”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“For example, for over three decades [17,35,36], high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) has been recognized as a safe and effective means to combat frailty.”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“However, such individuals remain very capable of undertaking high intensity PRT, even in the tenth decade of life [35,84].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Current recommendations and guidelines for PA in older adults generally advocate a multifaceted exercise regimen that includes aerobic, PRT, balance, and mobility training through structured and casual (integrated lifestyle) activities [17,35,36,114,137].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Evidence dating back to 1990 has shown that high-intensity PRT is both feasible and effective for older adults who are severely frail [35].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“A properly designed PRT program can counteract age-related changes in contractile function, atrophy, and morphology of the aging human skeletal muscles [17,35,36].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“The major barrier to the implementation of robust exercise in this setting, as shown since 1990 [35], is the lack of financial reimbursement, trained professionals and the necessary equipment to conduct these programs with fidelity.”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [35]
In the citing paper
“Fiatarone et al70 analyzed the benefits of strength training in institutionalized seniors in their 80s and 90s and found that strength increased >100% after several weeks, with many able to reduce their dependence on wheelchairs and walkers.”
In the citing paper
“Although not specifically evaluated in older adults during bed rest, there is clear evidence that resistance exercise is an effective means of combating the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of populations [25-34].”
From Protecting muscle mass and function in older adults during bed rest (2010) · cites this paper as [28]
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“Also, studies involving elderly participants (Fiatarone et al, 1990) have shown greater than 100% improvement in strength after 8 to 12 weeks of training.”
BackgroundWalker, S., Haff, G. G., Häkkinen, K., & Newton, R. U. (2017) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00743 · Cited by 30
“There is an abundance of literature supporting the use of progressive high-load strength training to increase strength andmuscle mass (Fiatarone et al., 1990; Häkkinen et al., 1998; Harridge et al., 1999; Walker et al., 2014).”
BackgroundA Fall Prevention Educational Program for Community Dwelling Seniors
Schoenfelder, D. P., & Why, K. V. (1997) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1997.tb00308.x · Cited by 30
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Upper Extremity Muscle Volumes and Functional Strength After Resistance Training in Older Adults
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“In addition, RT can induce hypertrophy (Brown, McCartney, & Sale, 1990; Fiatarone et al., 1990; Frontera, Meredith, O’Reilly, Knuttgen, & Evans, 1988) and lead to increases in 1RM (Brown et al., 1990) in the upper extremity of older adults.”
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EXERCISE REHABILITATION OF OLDER PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
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Physical Activity and Osteoporosis
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Protein Nutrition and Resistance Exercise
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“Adults over the age of 60 years have demonstrated significant decrease in skeletal muscular strength and size [6, 8, 10, 16].”
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“…only partially account for muscular weakening with age (Delbono, 2003, 2011; Goodpaster et al., 2006), and improvements in muscle strengthwith resistance training (RT) are not entirely accounted for by muscle hypertrophy with RT (Fiatarone et al., 1990; Leenders et al., 2013; Tracy et al., 1999).”
The Cooperative Lifestyle Intervention Program-II (CLIP-II): Design and methods
Marsh, A. P., Janssen, J. A., Ambrosius, W. T., Burdette, J. H., Gaukstern, J. E., Morgan, A. R., Nesbit, B. A., Paolini, J. B., Sheedy, J. L., & Rejeski, W. J. (2013) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2013.08.006 · Cited by 32
Resistance Training for Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease
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Functional and Neuromotor Performance in Older Adults
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fiatarone, M. A.
- Corresponding author
- Fiatarone, Maria A.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1990-06-13
- Volume
- 263
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 3029
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W3143060430
- Cited by
- 1,593
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 45
- FWCI
- 22.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG06443, AG 04390)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Keywords
- high-intensity resistance training, resistance training, nonagenarians, frail elderly, muscle weakness, muscle strength gain, fat-free mass, muscle mass, functional mobility, walking speed, nursing home residents, muscle dysfunction
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