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Cited by 47Frailty in Older AdultsNutrition and Health in AgingBalance, Gait, and Falls Prevention

Effects of Low-Speed and High-Speed Resistance Training Programs on Frailty Status, Physical Performance, Cognitive Function, and Blood Pressure in Prefrail and Frail Older Adults

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Coelho-Júnior, Hélio José, Uchida, Marco Carlos·2021·Frontiers in Medicine
DOI 10.3389/fmed.2021.702436PMC PMC8350041
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Abstract

Aim: The current study investigated the effects of low-speed resistance training (LSRT) and high-speed resistance training (HSRT) on frailty status, physical performance, cognitive function and blood pressure in pre-frail and frail older people. Material and Methods: Sixty older adults, 32 prefrail and 28 frail, were randomly allocated into LSRT, HSRT, and control group (CG). Before and after intervention periods frailty status, blood pressure, heart rate, and a set of physical performance capabilities and cognitive domains were assessed. Exercise interventions occurred over 16 weeks and included four resistance exercises with 4–8 sets of 4–10 repetitions at moderate intensity. Results: The prevalence of frailty criteria in prefrail and frail older adults were reduced after both LSRT and HSRT. In prefrail, LSRT significantly improved lower-limb muscle strength, while mobility was only improved after HSRT. Muscle power and dual-task performance were significantly increased in both LSRT and HSRT. In frail, LSRT and HSRT similarly improved lower-limb muscle strength and power. However, exclusive improvements in dual-task were observed after LSRT. Memory was significantly increased in prefrail and frail, regardless of the type of resistance training. No significant changes were observed in blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusion: Findings of the present study indicated that both LSRT and HSRT reversed frailty status and improved physical performance in prefrail and frail older adults. Notably, different patterns of improvement were observed among RT protocols. Regarding frailty status, LSRT seemed to be more effective in reverse prefrailty and frailty when compared to HSRT. Greater improvements in muscle strength and power were also observed after LSRT, while HSRT produced superior increases in mobility and dual-task performance. One-leg stand performance was significantly reduced in LSRT, but not HSRT and CG, after 16 weeks. In contrast, RT programs similarly improved verbal memory in prefrail. Finally, no changes in blood pressure and heart rate were observed, regardless of the type of RT. Trial Registration: The protocol was approved by the University of Campinas Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol No. 20021919.7.0000.5404) and retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System: NCT04868071.

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  • Most studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning.

    “Most of the studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning, and 6 RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.30,33,39,50,51”

    From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [50]

    The Discussion (Effects of RT on Mobility, Dual-Task Performance, and Balance; page unavailable) says that most prior studies involved physically healthy older adults, supporting the general point about well-functioning participants. It does not report that 14 of 20 studies (70%) enrolled community-living, well-functioning older adults. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Coelho-Júnior, H. J., & Uchida, M. C.
Affiliations
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (BR)
ORCID
Uchida, Marco Carlos
Venue
Frontiers in Medicine
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2021-07-26
Volume
8
Pages
702436-702436
ISSN
2296-858X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fmed.2021.702436
PMC
PMC8350041
OpenAlex
W3185312358
Cited by
47
References
20
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2
FWCI
4.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Informationszentrum Lebenswissenschaften (ZB MED) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
  • Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Keywords
resistance training, frailty, pre-frailty, older adults, physical performance, cognitive function, memory, dual-task performance, muscle strength, muscle power, mobility (physical function), blood pressure, heart rate, single-leg stance

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