The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,701–2,800 of 4,515
Fleming, J., Wood, G. C., Seiler, C. J., Cook, A., Lent, M. R., Still, C. D., Benotti, P. N., & Irving, B. A. (2016) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.67 · Cited by 6
IoT of active and healthy ageing: cases from indoor location analytics in the wild
Konstantinidis, E. I., Billis, A. S., Dupre, R., et al. (2016) · Health and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12553-016-0161-3 · Cited by 6
“Gait pattern analysis in elderly adults can be used as early predictors for cognitive decline [1], functional limitation and even mortality [2].”
MethodKinecting Frailty: A Pilot Study on Frailty
Caliskanelli, I., Nefti‐Meziani, S., & Hodgson, A. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92037-5_19 · Cited by 6
Fairbairn, P., Tsofliou, F., Johnson, A. J., & Dyall, S. C. (2019) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.001 · Cited by 6
“Gait speed is an established clinically relevant marker in older 64 adults, it is associated with mortality[14], risk of falls[13] and functional capacity[15].”
BackgroundMethodYamamoto, S., Iwata, A., Yano, Y., et al. (2019) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s202897 · Cited by 6
Lee, A. K., Steinman, M. A., & Lee, S. J. (2020) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001624 · Cited by 5
Gordura corporal total e do tronco e o desempenho da marcha em mulheres na menopausa
Fortaleza, A. C. D. S., Rossi, F. E., Buonani, C., Fregonesi, C. E. P. T., Neves, L. M., Diniz, T. A., & Júnior, I. F. F. (2014) · Revista Brasileira Ginecologia e Obstetrícia · doi:10.1590/s0100-7203201400040003 · Cited by 6
Danilovich, M., Corcos, D. M., Márquez, D. X., et al. (2015) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/2050312115614588 · Cited by 6
Gebrechlichkeit – was ist das eigentlich?
Zeeh, J. (2015) · MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s15006-015-2725-y · Cited by 6
Cardiovascular Disease in the Oldest Old: A Geriatric Epidemiology Perspective
Bari, M. D., & Balzi, D. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43468-1_2 · Cited by 6
Outpatient Geriatric Evaluation and Management
Hornick, T. R., & Rubenstein, L. Z. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16068-9_16 · Cited by 6
Accelerometry data in health research: challenges and opportunitiesPreprint
Karas, M., Bai, J., Strączkiewicz, M., et al. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/276154 · Cited by 6
Peng, X., Zhou, T., Wu, H., Li, Y., Liu, J., Huang, H., He, C., Guo, S., Huan, M., Shi, L., et al. (2024) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.17606 · Cited by 5
“A healthy physical function determines good life quality during later life ( Studenski et al., 2003 ), promotes an extended life expectancy among the older ( Katz et al., 1983 ), and helps reduce mortality ( Studenski et al., 2011 ).”
BackgroundGarcia, R. E., BLACKWELL, T. L., Forman, D. E., Coen, P. M., Nicklas, B. J., Qiao, Y., Cawthon, P. M., Toledo, F. G. S., Goodpaster, B. H., Cummings, S. R., et al. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glae187 · Cited by 6
Super Movers: Epidemiology and Biology of a Novel Exceptional Aging Phenotype
Verghese, J., Cotton, K., Sathyan, S., et al. (2025) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaf107 · Cited by 5
Chahine, L. M., Rosso, A. L., Troidl, I. R., Ganguli, M., Newman, A. B., Cummings, S. R., Studenski, S. A., Lopresti, B. J., Royse, S. K., Huppert, T. J., et al. (2025) · Aging Brain · doi:10.1016/j.nbas.2025.100143 · Cited by 4
Self-citationBailes, A. H., McKernan, G., Redfern, M. S., Cham, R., Greco, C. M., Brach, J. S., Piva, S. R., Vo, N. N., & Sowa, G. (2025) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzaf089 · Cited by 6
Peak oxygen uptake in older adults with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Schmid, V., Paterson, S. J., Weinkauf, C., Wang, J., Tomczak, C. R., Niederseer, D., Vontobel, J., Forman, D. E., Halle, M., Nelson, M. D., et al. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01795-3 · Cited by 5
“…the extremely low V ̇ O ₂ peak in the OO group indicates that walking at 0.8 m/s (a value predictive of markedly increased risk of frailty and mortality) requires almost maximal effort, exemplifying the pathway through which HF and older age intersect to accelerate frailty and disability [50, 51].”
InfluentialRisso, G., Bieri, M., Bertoni, T., Martinelli, I., Mastria, G., Catinari, L., Allet, L., Serino, A., & Bassolino, M. (2025) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2025.113481 · Cited by 9
Grønvik, K. B., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A., Tangen, G. G., et al. (2025) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/75835 · Cited by 5
“As a result, gait speed has been identified as a predictor of survival [7] and disability [8] among older adults.”
Strączkiewicz, M., Burke, K. M., Carney, K. T., Calcagno, N., Mandepudi, S., Premasiri, A. S., Vieira, F. G., & Berry, J. D. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-24664-7 · Cited by 4
Walking through aging: A review of gait laboratory-based assessments and geriatric syndromes
Hoff, C. V., Bull, A. M. J., & Fertleman, M. B. (2025) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.1016/j.tjfa.2025.100103 · Cited by 5
“There is an established link between gait speed and survival [2,21].”
InfluentialPreoperative Gait Speed as a Predictor of Patient-Reported Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Nakao, Y., Hamai, S., Yamate, S., Konishi, T., Kawahara, S., Motomura, G., Utsunomiya, T., & Nakashima, Y. (2025) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.25.00542 · Cited by 5
Britting, S., Krumpoch, S., Lindemann, U., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-32000-2 · Cited by 5
“It is predictive for mortality 28 , hospitalization 29 , frailty 30 , and future falls 31 .”
Nóbrega‐Sousa, P., Orcioli‐Silva, D., Lirani‐Silva, E., Beretta, V. S., Vitório, R. R., & Gobbi, L. T. B. (2019) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.13731 · Cited by 5
Zemp, D. D., Giannini, O., Quadri, P., Tettamanti, M., Berwert, L., Lavorato, S., Pianca, S., Solcà, C., & de Bruin, E. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.682198 · Cited by 4
Validity and feasibility of using a seated push-up test among community-dwelling older adults
Poncumhak, P., Phadungkit, S., Chokphukiao, P., Intaruk, R., Amatachaya, P., & Amatachaya, S. (2022) · Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal · doi:10.1142/s1013702522500123 · Cited by 6
“health condition, morbidity, and mortality rates.(29) Test-”
Cogliati, M., Cudicio, A., Benedini, M., Cabral, H. V., Negro, F., Reggiani, C., & Orizio, C. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05198-0 · Cited by 5
Haeri, N. S., Perera, S., & Greenspan, S. L. (2023) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2023.38 · Cited by 6
“Timed sit-to-stand test was performed by instructing participants to stand quickly from a seated position, with their legs fully extended, while keeping their arms folded across their chest (25).”
BackgroundMethodMacAulay, R. K., Timblin, H., & Tallman, M. D. (2023) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001268 · Cited by 6
Darcy, B., Rashford, L., Tsai, N. T., Huizenga, D. E., Reed, K. B., & Bamberg, S. J. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1089083 · Cited by 5
“While commonly associated with quality of life, general health status, and functional abilities, gait speed measurement has additionally been praised for its predictive value with factors such as mortality (24), falls (25), and community participation (26, 27).”
BackgroundIncorporating frailty to address the key challenges to geriatric economic evaluation
Kwon, J., Squires, H., & Young, T. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-04752-5 · Cited by 6
Fatigue insights from walking tests in spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis individuals
Fernández-Canosa, S., Camacho, Á. B., Martínez-Medina, A., Díez-Rodríguez, E., Arias, P., Oliviero, A., & Soto-León, V. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55238-8 · Cited by 6
Parker, K. G., Windham, B. G., Blackshear, C. T., Walker, K. A., Parker, S. B., Hoogeveen, R. C., Ballantyne, C. M., Kucharska‐Newton, A., Palta, P., Selvin, E., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.18978 · Cited by 7
“This study demonstrated associations of high levels of inflammation in midlife with substantial and clinically meaningful worse mobility in late-life, 32,33 even in otherwise healthy-appearing Black and White adults.”
Pacing longevity: Serial gait speed measurements and survival in older adults
Calvani, R., Cesari, M., & Marzetti, E. (2024) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100363 · Cited by 5
“Gait speed has long been recognized as a simple yet robust predictor of negativehealth-relatedevents(e.g.,disability,hospitalization,mortality) in older adults across different settings [2,3].”
InfluentialAssociation of adipose tissue inflammation and physical fitness in older adults
Tylutka, A., Morawin, B., Torz, N., Osmólska, J., Łuszczki, K., Jarmużek, P., & Zembroń-Łacny, A. (2024) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-024-00468-7 · Cited by 6
“Previous studies have highlighted the important role of gait speed scores, where an increase of 0.1 m/s in gait speed is associated with an increase in predictable survival with a variability of 19 to 87% for men and 35% to 91% for women [22].”
BackgroundInfluentialLieberz, D., Dittbenner, C., Koch, H., Paul, T., & Sonterre, M. (2024) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000424 · Cited by 5
“17,22 The references were included on the pocket card with a QR code. analysis, Tabachnick and Fidell recommended the formula N ≥ 50 + 8 m (where m is the number of predictor variables).”
InfluentialThe performance of a machine learning model in predicting accelerometer-derived walking speed
Logacjov, A., Ludvigsen, T. P., Bach, K., Kongsvold, A., Flaaten, M., Nilsen, T. I. L., & Mork, P. J. (2025) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42185 · Cited by 7
Gender-Based Differences in Biomechanical Walking Patterns of Athletes Using Inertial Sensors
Gianzina, E., Yiannakopoulos, C. K., Kalinterakis, G., Delis, S., & Chronopoulos, E. (2025) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk10010082 · Cited by 9
“It can be used to predict various health-related outcomes, including cognitive decline [3], fall risk [4], life quality [5], and lifespan [6].”
Pollet, J., Pullara, R., Bianchi, L. N. C., Falso, M. V., Gobbo, M., & Buraschi, R. (2025) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2025.03.024 · Cited by 6
Dawson, R., Pinheiro, M. B., Oliveira, J. S., Haynes, A. S., Naganathan, V., Taylor, M. E., Bowes, N., Nelson, K., Rayner, J., & Sherrington, C. (2025) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.70004 · Cited by 9
“34,35 Improved mobility may support functional recovery, including safer transfers, such as moving between bed and chair or between chairs, and greater independence in daily activities.”
Konieczynski, E. M., Sahni, S., Jacques, P. F., & Naumova, E. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17162631 · Cited by 5
“Gait speed in older adults reflects lower body strength and aerobic capacity [66] and predicts disability [67], functional dependence [68], and mortality [69].”
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation – an attractive treatment option
Nietlispach, F., & Meier, B. (2013) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2013.06.010 · Cited by 5
de Almeida, S. I. L., Marques, A. S. P. D. D., & Santos, J. M. L. G. (2017) · Revista Portuguesa de Clínica Geral · doi:10.32385/rpmgf.v33i2.12039 · Cited by 5
Shiraiwa, K., Ichii, Y., Murata, S., et al. (2017) · Japanese Journal of Health Promotion and Physical Therapy · doi:10.9759/hppt.7.57 · Cited by 5
Lee, S., Kim, S. Y., Kim, M. H., et al. (2019) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-019-1213-y · Cited by 5
Brandão, L. H. A., de Resende–Neto, A. G., Fernandes, I. G. S., Vasconcelos, A. B. S., Nogueira, A. C., & Silva‐Grigoletto, M. E. D. (2020) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10327-x · Cited by 5
La fragilidad en candidatos a trasplante renal
Pérez‐Sáez, M. J., Gutiérrez-Dalmau, Á., Moreso, F., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., & Pascual, J. (2020) · Nefrología · doi:10.1016/j.nefro.2020.09.004 · Cited by 8
Langhammer, B., Lindmark, B., & Stanghelle, J. K. (2021) · European Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1080/21679169.2021.1872700 · Cited by 5
Huber, H. F., Gerow, K., Li, C., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Primatology · doi:10.1111/jmp.12538 · Cited by 5
Sit-to-Stand Power Across the Lifespan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Campitelli, A., Paulson, S., Vincenzo, J. L., Glenn, J. M., Gills, J. L., Jones, M. D., Powers, M. D., & Gray, M. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2021-0066 · Cited by 8
Nascimento, M. D. M., Gouveia, É. R., de Gouveia, B. R. F. O., Marques, A., Marconcin, P., França, C., & Ihle, A. (2022) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics7040073 · Cited by 5
Heubel, A. D., Kabbach, É. Z., Migliato, G. R., Russo, M. I. S., Brandão, G. M. S., Roscani, M. G., Borghi‐Silva, A., & Mendes, R. G. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108260 · Cited by 5
Sánchez‐Sánchez, J. L., Carnicero, J. A. C., García‐García, F. J., Álvarez‐Bustos, A., Rodríguez-Sánchez, B., & Rodríguez‐Mañas, L. (2022) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.07.004 · Cited by 5
Saadeh, M., Hu, X., Dekhtyar, S., Welmer, A., Vetrano, D. L., Xu, W., Fratiglioni, L., & Calderón‐Larrañaga, A. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.204182 · Cited by 5
“8 meters per second (m/s), according to an established clinical cut-off [35].”
BackgroundRaisi, A., Zerbini, V., MYERS, J. N., Masotti, S., Piva, T., Lordi, R., Chiaranda, G., Grazzi, G., Mazzoni, G., & Mandini, S. (2022) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.014 · Cited by 5
Loh, D. A., Hairi, N. N., Hairi, F. M., Peramalah, D., Kandiben, S., Hamid, M. A. I. A., Bulgiba, A. M., Salam, M. M., Said, M. A., Rizal, H., et al. (2022) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2022-0047 · Cited by 5
Newman, A. B., Odden, M. C., & Cauley, J. A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6625-3_79-1 · Cited by 6
Haigis, D., Wagner, S., Thiel, A., Niess, A. M., & the BaSAlt study team (2023) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-023-00780-3 · Cited by 5
Association Between the Loss of Gait Harmony and Cognitive Impairment: Cross-Sectional Study
Choi, J.-Y., Ha, S., Jeong, D.-E., Lee, J.-H., Kim, D.-H., Min, J., & Min, K. (2023) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/46264 · Cited by 5
“In older individuals, gait is used as a predictor of health status [10], falls, activities of daily living [11,12], risk of dementia [13], and even risk of early mortality [14].”
BackgroundCompromised neuromuscular function of walking in people with diabetes: A narrative review
Hoveizavi, R., Gao, F., Ramirez, V., Shuman, B. R., Joiner, J. C., & Fisher, S. J. (2023) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110802 · Cited by 5
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, S., Jovell, E., Cuadra-Llopart, L., Rodríguez‐Sanz, J., Labata‐Lezaun, N., López-de–Celis, C., Bosch, J., & Pérez‐Bellmunt, A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12175560 · Cited by 5
“Older adults experience a decline in motor function [3], including muscle weakness, slower gait speed and poor balance control [4].”
BackgroundDunlap, P. M., Crane, B. M., Perera, S., Moored, K., Carlson, M. C., Brach, J. S., Klatt, B. N., & Rosso, A. L. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad209 · Cited by 5
Ahmed-Yousef, N. S., Dilian, O., Iktilat, K., & Agmon, M. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-42183-1 · Cited by 5
Emergency Management During Telehealth
Rauzi, M. R., Olivos, M. E., Currier, D., Abbate, L. M., Lum, H. D., & Stevens‐Lapsley, J. E. (2023) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000410 · Cited by 5
Altajar, S., Wang, N., Rosenthaler, M. P., Murabito, J. M., & Long, M. T. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12247523 · Cited by 5
“We also considered an alternative definition of slow walking speed defined by walking speed 1 m/s based on existing literature [21,22].”
MethodEvaluation of Dynamic Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Physical Function in Knee Osteoarthritis
Mehta, R., Hochberg, M. C., Shardell, M. D., Ryan, A. S., Dong, Y., Beamer, B. A., Peer, J. E., Stuart, E. A., Schuler, M. S., Gallo, J. J., et al. (2024) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.25295 · Cited by 5
“For instance, prior work has reported an association between physical function and mortality, such that slower gait speed is associated with decreased survival time in older adults, 48 and physically inactive adults have higher mortality rates compared with active counterparts.”
BackgroundFree Flap Limb Salvage and Ulcer Recurrence in Chronic Limb-threatening Ischemia
Matsuda, N., Seo, D., Suzuki, R., Dannoura, Y., & Horiuchi, K. (2024) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds · doi:10.1177/15347346241287335 · Cited by 6
“Maintaining walking ability through foot reconstruction is crucial for preserving activities of daily living and preventing frailty and sarcopenia, 37,38 which in turn supports patient survival and healthy life expectancy.”
Luo, Y., Ma, X., Zhang, L., & He, W. (2024) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-024-02886-5 · Cited by 5
Intrinsic Cell-to-Cell Variance from Experimental Single-Cell Motility Data
Klimek, A., Heyn, J. C. J., Mondal, D., et al. (2025) · PRX Life · doi:10.1103/77t1-2qvv · Cited by 5
Physical Function in Older People
Hairi, N. N., Guat, T., Bulgiba, A. M., & Mudl, I. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/35286 · Cited by 6
Prognostic factors in emergency patients aged 90 years and older
Ishihara, K., Hagiwara, S., Aoki, M., et al. (2014) · Acute Medicine & Surgery · doi:10.1002/ams2.22 · Cited by 5
Killane, I., Donoghue, O. A., Savva, G. M., et al. (2013) · doi:10.1109/embc.2013.6611149 · Cited by 5
Gonzales, J. U., Defferari, E., Fisher, A., Shephard, J., & Proctor, D. N. (2014) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.012 · Cited by 5
Whitney, S. L., NCS, ATC, FAPTA, Marchetti, G. F., Ellis, J., Otis, L., Asiri, F., & Alghadir, A. H. (2013) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2012.06.0119 · Cited by 5
Schmidt, C. T., Ward, R. E., Suri, P., Kurlinski, L. A., Anderson, D., Kiely, D. K., & Bean, J. F. (2016) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000085 · Cited by 5
Iacob, S., Hersant, B., SidAhmed‐Mezi, M., & Meningaud, J. (2016) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-016-0648-3 · Cited by 5
Berryman, N., Bherer, L., Nadeau, S. M., Lauzière, S., Lehr, L., Bobeuf, F., Kergoat, M., Vu, T. T. M., & Bosquet, L. (2016) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3498-4 · Cited by 5
Won, J.-I., & An, C.-M. (2015) · Physical Therapy Korea · doi:10.12674/ptk.2015.22.2.001 · Cited by 5
ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF HEALTHY AGEING IN THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION COUNTRIES AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Vorobyev, R. V., & Владимировна, К. А. (2016) · Social Aspects of Population Health · doi:10.21045/2071-5021-2016-51-5-3 · Cited by 6
Collaborative Sensing for Privacy Preserving Gait Tracking Using IoT Middleware
Shih, C., Wang, T.-Y., Chou, J., et al. (2017) · ACM International Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems (RACS) · doi:10.1145/3129676.3129696 · Cited by 5
“In 2011, Studenski et al [2] published a study that tracked gait velocity of over 34,000 seniors from 6 to 21 years in US.”
BackgroundRegularised differentiation of measurement data in systems for monitoring of human movements
Wagner, J., Mazurek, P., Miękina, A., & Morawski, R. Z. (2018) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2018.02.010 · Cited by 5
The Risk Factors of Performance-Based Early Frailty in Midlife and Older Age
Peterson, M. J. (2018) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/2333721418770035 · Cited by 5
“…these sources, we identified cut points for (a) time to complete five chair stands at 10 s for midlife, and 13 s for older adults (Bohannon, 2006), and (b) usual gait velocity while walking 4 meters of <1.0 m/s for midlife, and <0.80 m/s for older adults (Bohannon, 1997; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialBeck, O. N., Grabowski, A. M., & Ortega, J. D. (2018) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.07.169 · Cited by 5
Cheuy, V. A., Loyd, B. J., Hafner, W., et al. (2018) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23741 · Cited by 5
“The 4meter walk test measures the time to walk 4 meters and is used to generate gait speed values, which have been associated with morbidity and mortality in older adults (13).”
MethodRodriques, C., Jackson, K. J., Barrios, J. A., Laubach, L. L., & Bigelow, K. E. (2016) · Cited by 5
Hozawa, H., Takeuchi, A., & Oguma, Y. (2018) · The Keio Journal of Medicine · doi:10.2302/kjm.2018-0007-oa · Cited by 5
The quantified older adult as design requirements for accessible wellbeing interventions
McNeill, A. R., Campbell, M., & Coventry, L. (2019) · International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments (PETRA) · doi:10.1145/3316782.3321533 · Cited by 5
“The total distance travelled, average speed travelled (including speed in vehicles), and average walking/running speed travelled (<7 km/h; based on findings in [52]) were calculated for each day and matched with corresponding entries in the participant diaries.”
MethodInertial navigation algorithm for trajectory of front-wheel walker estimation
Doan, Q. V., & Pham, D. D. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01896 · Cited by 5
Preoperative 5-Meter Walk Test as a Predictor of Length of Stay After Open Heart Surgery
Wilson, C. M., Kostsuca, S. R., McPherson, S. M., et al. (2015) · Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal · doi:10.1097/cpt.0000000000000005 · Cited by 5
Influence of dioxin-related compounds on physical function in Yusho incident victims
Fukushi, J., Tsushima, H., Matsumoto, Y., Mitoma, C., Furue, M., Miyahara, H., & Nakashima, Y. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02702 · Cited by 5
“, 2013), and associated with mortality among older adults (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundValidation of a self-implemented Walkway system for gait speed measurement in usual clinical care
Abizanda, P., Venegas‐Sanabria, L. C., Andersen, G. M., Roldán, H. C., López-Utiel, M., & Víctor, M. E. (2019) · Health Policy and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.hlpt.2019.11.006 · Cited by 5
Gorenko, J. A., Smith, A. P., Hundza, S. R., Halliday, D., DeCarlo, C. A., Sheets, D. J., Stawski, R. S., & MacDonald, S. W. S. (2020) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2019.1711361 · Cited by 5
Timofte, I., Tonelli, A. R., Diaz‐Abad, M., Verceles, A. C., Ladikos, N., Iacono, A., Terrin, M., Wijesinha, M. A., Akindipe, O., & Baz, M. A. (2020) · Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease · doi:10.4081/monaldi.2020.1186 · Cited by 5
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“Walking speed tests are well documented [1,2,10,11] and prevalent as clinical and research instruments; how-ISSN ever, the apparent simplicity of such tests belies the practical difficulties of administrating them accurately and consistently [12,13], and it is common to see tests scheduled at only…”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
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