The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,201–2,300 of 4,515
Fien, S., Henwood, T. R., Climstein, M., Rathbone, E. N., & Keogh, J. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.6973 · Cited by 11
“Gait speed is a common tool used to diagnose the muscle function component of sarcopenia and is clinically relevant to older adults (Abellan van Kan et al., 2009; Peel, Kuys & Klein, 2013; Studenski et al., 2011; Guralnik et al., 2000).”
MethodMasters, M. C., Perez, J., Tassiopoulos, K., Andrade, A. S., Ellis, R. J., Yang, J., Brown, T. T., Palella, F. J., & Erlandson, K. M. (2019) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2019.0101 · Cited by 11
The Biomechanics of Diabetes Mellitus and Limb Preservation
Labovitz, J. M., & Day, D. (2019) · Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cpm.2019.08.011 · Cited by 11
Klepin, H. D. (2019) · Hematology · doi:10.1182/hematology.2019001299 · Cited by 11
“These measures are robustly associated with mortality in general geriatric populations and predict survival in certain hematologic disease settings.(8,9,35,36) Gait speed and grip strength are 2 of the 5 parameters for assessment of frailty using the phenotypic approach.”
Coyle, P. C., Perera, S., Shuman, V., VanSwearingen, J. M., & Brach, J. S. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa035 · Cited by 11
Kneis, S., Straub, E., Walz, I., von Olshausen, P., Wehrle, A., Gollhofer, A., & Bertz, H. (2020) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/1534735420915782 · Cited by 11
“9) NS Comorbidities, n (%) Orthopedic: Lower extremities 4 (25) 2 (14) 9 (53) Spine 2 (13) 0 (0) 2 (12) Polyneuropathy 4 (25) 0 (0) 0 (0) Stroke 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (12) Seizures 1 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0) Heart disease 3 (19) 0 (0) 8 (47) PAOD 1 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0) Pulmonary diseaseb 1 (6) 1 (7) 1 (6) Diabetes mellitus 1 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0…”
Alcañiz, R. N., & González-Moro, I. M. (2020) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v38i38.78252 · Cited by 11
Srithumsuk, W., Kabayama, M., Godai, K., et al. (2020) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-020-00884-3 · Cited by 11
Frailty Tools for Assessment of Long-term Prognosis After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Sanchís, J. M., Ruiz, V., Sastre, C., Bonanad, C., Ruescas, A., Fernández‐Cisnal, A., Mollar, A., Valero, E., García‐Blas, S., González, J., et al. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.06.011 · Cited by 11
“Gait speed has been shown to reflect the health and functional status of multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems.(15,16) Its prognostic implications have been demonstrated in many scenarios, such as the general population, elderly population, acute coronary…”
BackgroundNiu, Q., Zhao, X., Gan, L., et al. (2021) · Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1159/000513897 · Cited by 11
Beta-guanidinopropionic acid has age-specific effects on markers of health and function in mice
Dorigatti, J. D., Thyne, K. M., Ginsburg, B. C., & Salmon, A. B. (2021) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00372-8 · Cited by 12
“Age-related decline in gait speed has been linked to increased morbidity and risk of mortality in humans [33].”
BackgroundTaniguchi, N., Jinno, T., Ohba, T., et al. (2021) · Modern Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/mr/roab033 · Cited by 11
Bell, C., Rantanen, T., Chen, R., Davis, J. W., Petrovitch, H., Ross, G. W., & Masaki, K. (2013) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.09.019 · Cited by 11
Walking devices used by community-dwelling elderly: Proportion, types, and associated factors
Suwannarat, P., Thaweewannakij, T., Kaewsanmung, S., Mato, L., & Amatachaya, S. (2014) · Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.hkpj.2014.11.001 · Cited by 11
Rehabilitation Strategy to Improve Physical Function of Oldest-Old Adults
Do, H., & Lim, J. (2015) · Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society · doi:10.4235/jkgs.2015.19.2.61 · Cited by 12
Iki, M., Fujita, Y., Tamaki, J., Kouda, K., Yura, A., Sato, Y., Moon, J., Harano, A., Hazaki, K., Kajita, E., et al. (2016) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-016-3797-y · Cited by 11
“The physical performance tests we used included grip strength, standing balance, and timed 10 m walk, which are objective measurements that are highly predictive of subsequent disability [25] and mortality [26, 27].”
BackgroundMethodKakihana, T., Ito, O., Sekiguchi, Y., Ito, D., Goto, M., Akamatsu, D., Matsumoto, Y., & Kohzuki, M. (2017) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2017.03.421 · Cited by 11
Julian, V., Blondel, R., Pereira, B., Thivel, D., Boirie, Y., & Duclos, M. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr3142w · Cited by 11
“The walking time as a function of leg LM was also calculated [20].”
BackgroundMethodCoelho‐Júnior, H. J., Gonçalves, I. D. O., Sanches, Í. C., Gonçalves, L., Caperuto, É. C., Uchida, M. C., & Rodrigues, B. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/3714739 · Cited by 13
Body Composition Remodeling and Incident Mobility Limitations in African Ancestry Men
Santanasto, A. J., Miljkovic, I., Cvejkus, R., Gordon, C. L., Bunker, C. H., Patrick, A. L., Wheeler, V. W., & Zmuda, J. M. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly067 · Cited by 13
Anticoagulación en población anciana con fibrilación auricular no valvular. Artículo de revisión
Torregrossa, R. P., Abizanda, P., García, A. N., Lázaro, M. G., Rodríguez, J. G., Gregório, P. G., Martín‐Sánchez, F. J., Ruiz‐Artacho, P., Noriega, Ó. D., & Fernández, F. V. (2018) · Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología · doi:10.1016/j.regg.2018.04.450 · Cited by 11
“…que incluya los siguientes ámbitos: valoración nutricional con el Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF ® ) 35 , valoración de la comorbilidad con la escala CIRS-G 36 , valoración del riesgo de caídas y valoración de la polifarmacia y los medicamentos potencialmente inadecuados con…”
Prasitsiriphon, O., & Weber, D. (2019) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1093-3 · Cited by 11
van der Spoel, E., van Vliet, N. A., & van Heemst, D. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100964 · Cited by 11
Physical activity and mortality in older patients with a pacemaker
Goto, T., Mori, K., Nakasuka, K., Kato, M., Nakayama, T., Banno, T., Ichihashi, T., Wakami, K., Fukuta, H., Seo, Y., et al. (2019) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.13823 · Cited by 11
Cai, H., Zhang, G., Wei, L., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-10429-9 · Cited by 10
Haigis, D., Matting, L., Wagner, S., Sudeck, G., Frahsa, A., Thiel, A., Eschweiler, G. W., & Niess, A. M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13113791 · Cited by 10
Kahya, M., Hackman, D. E., Jacobs, L., Nilsson, D., Rumsey, Y., & Oddsson, L. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glac045 · Cited by 11
Schönstein, A., Trares, K., & Wahl, H. (2022) · International perspectives on aging · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11073-3_9 · Cited by 12
Xie, H., & Lu, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.965460 · Cited by 10
Factors Associated with Outdoor Winter Walking in Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Bergen, K., Jubenvill, M., Shaw, K., Steen, E., Loewen, H., Mbabaali, S., & Barclay, R. (2022) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980822000460 · Cited by 12
“This is an important factor, as increased gait speed in older adults is related to survival (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundPulmonary Rehabilitation for Post-COVID-19
Aljazeeri, J., Almusally, R. M., Wert, Y., Abdelhalim, M., Klinger, C., Ramesh, N., & Rahman, T. (2023) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000813 · Cited by 10
“27,28 Because exercise capacity is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality, 29 perhaps survival in patients with post-COVID-19 would potentially improve if we could improve their exercise capacity through PR programs.”
BackgroundWu, L., Wang, Z., Zhou, X., Kong, Q., Zhang, Y., Xu, S., Huang, H., & Luo, X. (2023) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.29121 · Cited by 10
“1,2 Previous studies have con-fi rmed a negative correlation between the severity of WMH and gait speed.”
Associations of Neurological Biomarkers in Serum With Gait Measures: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Nadkarni, A. N., Mukamal, K. J., Zhu, X., Siscovick, D. S., Brach, J. S., Jacob, M. E., Seshadri, S. S., Abe, T., Rosano, C., Djoussé, L., et al. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glae043 · Cited by 10
Longitudinal Associations Between Optimism and Objective Measures of Physical Functioning in Women
Koga, H. K., Grodstein, F., Williams, D. R., Manson, J. E., Tindle, H. A., Shadyab, A. H., Michael, Y. L., Saquib, N., Naughton, M. J., Guimond, A., et al. (2024) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5068 · Cited by 11
Alenazi, A. M., & Alqahtani, B. A. (2024) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.24.08034-1 · Cited by 13
“9 declining physical performance measures can negatively impact other rehabilitation outcomes, as they may indicate underlying muscle weakness, balance impairments, or neurological deficits.”
Pan, P., Lee, C.-H., Hsu, N., et al. (2024) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.04.021 · Cited by 10
Mapping 15-year depressive symptom transitions in late life: population-based cohort study
Triolo, F., Vetrano, D. L., Trevisan, C., Sjöberg, L., Calderón‐Larrañaga, A., Murri, M. B., Fratiglioni, L., & Dekhtyar, S. (2024) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2024.84 · Cited by 10
Mou, Y., Qin, Y., & Niu, S. (2024) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2024.1607033 · Cited by 11
“Despite an extensive body of research focusing on the relationship between slow walking and health outcomes in older adults [5, 7, 31, 32], this study stands out as the fi rst to speci fi cally examine the mobility and physical activity of SSWS within the built environment.”
BackgroundWestbury, L. D., Harvey, N. C., Beaudart, C., Bruyère, O., Cauley, J. A., Cawthon, P. M., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Curtis, E. M., Ensrud, K. E., Fielding, R. A., et al. (2024) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-024-02783-x · Cited by 11
“Furthermore, for participants who did not have their gait speed assessed over 6 m (gait speed was assessed over 8ft in HCS), analyses were repeated when gait speed values in this cohort were converted to those expected over 6 m using previously published equations [18, 19].”
BackgroundMethodThe Role of Maximal Inspiratory Pressure on Functional Performance in Adults with Heart Failure
Shah, R., Cahalin, L. P., Haus, J. M., et al. (2024) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.14984 · Cited by 10
Sex differences in mobility recovery after hip fracture: a time series analysis
Jansen, C.-P., Engdal, M., Peter, R. S., Helbostad, J. L., Taraldsen, K., Vereijken, B., Pfeiffer, K., Becker, C., & Klenk, J. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1434182 · Cited by 10
“Mobility has been established as an important component of health and function; therefore, it is a major priority of hip fracture rehabilitation (5, 6).”
BackgroundAli, F., Syrjanen, J. A., Figdore, D. J., Kremers, W. K., Mielke, M. M., Jack, C. R., Knopman, D. S., Vemuri, P., Graff‐Radford, J., Windham, B. G., et al. (2025) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-024-00713-6 · Cited by 10
Bandara, A., Shimizu, H., Watanabe, D., Misa, T., Suzuki, S., Tanigawa, K., Nagai‐Tanima, M., & Aoyama, T. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-91617-5 · Cited by 13
“However, even modest reductions in walking speed can be clinically meaningful in older adults, as slower gait speed has been associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes 13 .”
Larsson, J., Hansson, W., Larsen, H. I., Koskinen, L., Eklund, A., & Malm, J. (2025) · BMJ Neurology Open · doi:10.1136/bmjno-2024-000992 · Cited by 11
Grimmitt, A. B., Whelan, M., Martini, D. N., & Hoogkamer, W. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.250126 · Cited by 12
Dilektaşlı, A. G., Öztürk, N. A. A., Kerimoğlu, D., Odabaş, A., Yaman, M. T., Doğan, A., Demirdöğen, E., Güçlü, Ö. A., Çoşkun, F., Ursavaş, A., et al. (2025) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-03040-5 · Cited by 9
“The attending physician measured gait speed using a stopwatch while patients walked at their usual speed over a 4-meter course marked with start and end points in a flat corridor [ 1].”
InfluentialMukli, P., Muranyi, M., Lipécz, Á., Szarvas, Z., Csípő, T., Ungvari, A., Fekete, M., Fazekas‐Pongor, V., Péterfi, A., Fehér, Á., et al. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01722-6 · Cited by 11
“Given its predictive value, gait speed measurement, along with other age-sensitive gait parameters, will be integrated into routine functional assessments within the Semmelweis Study to identify individuals at risk for accelerated aging, mobility decline, and cognitive impairment [7, 8].”
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of active and healthy aging (AHA) in octogenarian men
Rantanen, K. K., Strandberg, T. E., Stenholm, S., Strandberg, A. Y., Pitkälä, K. H., Salomaa, V. V., & Tilvis, R. S. (2015) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-015-0329-0 · Cited by 10
Calvaresi, D., Cesarini, D., Marinoni, M., et al. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16480-9_48 · Cited by 10
Keogh, J., Henwood, T. R., Gardiner, P. A., Tuckett, A. G., Hodgkinson, B., & Rouse, K. (2016) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2016.10.001 · Cited by 10
Gamble, R. M., Taylor, S. S., Huggins, A. D., & Ehrenfeld, J. M. (2019) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.12.005 · Cited by 10
Effects of starting position, distance and ending point in a walking speed test among older adults
Zhao, Y., Wu, T., & Wei, Y. (2020) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.13938 · Cited by 10
Karege, G., Zekry, D., Allali, G., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open Respiratory Research · doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000542 · Cited by 10
“14 16 In a pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies including 34 485 older adults aged 65 years or older, Studenski et al reported an association between gait speed and 10-year survival among older patients with an overall HR for mortality of 0.88 (0.87 to 0.90), after adjusting for gender, BMI, smoking…”
InfluentialMaster, H., Neogi, T., LaValley, M. P., Thoma, L. M., Zhang, Y., Voinier, D., Christiansen, M. B., & White, D. K. (2020) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.200259 · Cited by 12
Pavone, N., Burzotta, F., Bruno, P., Spalletta, C., Farina, P., Cammertoni, F., Nesta, M., Chiariello, G. A., Grandinetti, M., de Belvis, A. G., et al. (2021) · Critical Pathways in Cardiology A Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1097/hpc.0000000000000260 · Cited by 11
Short distance analysis of the 400-meter walk test of mobility in community-dwelling older adults
Krumpoch, S., Lindemann, U., Becker, C., Sieber, C. C., & Freiberger, E. (2021) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.05.002 · Cited by 11
Physical Functioning in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Cosiano, M. F., Tobin, R. S., Mentz, R. J., & Greene, S. J. (2021) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.04.013 · Cited by 10
van der Vlies, E., Vernooij, L. M., Hamaker, M. E., et al. (2021) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2021.08.005 · Cited by 10
Kang, M., Kang, S.-J., Roh, H.-K., Jung, H.-Y., Kim, S., Choi, J., & Kim, K. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/29884 · Cited by 10
“Gait speed at an individual’s usual pace is known to be associated with survival in older adults [23] and has been widely used as a tool to predict adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older individuals, including falls, disability, institutionalization, and mortality [9,24].”
Long-Term Aspirin Use and Self-Reported Walking Speed in Older Men: The Physicians' Health Study
Orkaby, A. R., Dufour, A. B., Yang, L., Sesso, H. D., Gaziano, J. M., Djoussé, L., Driver, J. A., & Travison, T. G. (2021) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2021.36 · Cited by 10
“Mobility is a critical aspect of function (l) independence, and limitations in mobility - specifically as measured by usual walking speed - are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality (2-4).”
BackgroundShintani, H., Ashida, H., & Shintani, T. (2021) · Human Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.hnm.2021.200134 · Cited by 10
Longobucco, Y., Krumpoch, S., Lauretani, F., Angileri, V., Sieber, C. C., Marzetti, E., Calvani, R., Cherubini, A., Landi, F., Bernabei, R., et al. (2022) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-021-02061-0 · Cited by 10
Hybrid Zero Dynamics Control of an Underactuated Lower-Limb Exoskeleton for Gait Guidance
Goo, A. C., Laubscher, C. A., & Sawicki, J. T. (2022) · Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control · doi:10.1115/1.4053946 · Cited by 10
Casabona, A., Valle, M. S., Mangano, G. R. A., & Cioni, M. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22135001 · Cited by 11
“In fact, changes in gait speed cause dramatic modifications in kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation patterns [28,46].”
BackgroundMethodHolanda, C. M. D. A., Nóbrega, P. V. D. N., & Maciel, Á. C. C. (2022) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.07.002 · Cited by 12
Zhou, H., Zhu, R., Ung, A., & Schatz, B. R. (2022) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000045 · Cited by 10
“Large cohort studies show gait speed is correlated with mortality risk [4], with timed walking over short distances such as 6 seconds for 4 meters.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFuentes-Abolafio, I. J., Trinidad‐Fernández, M., Ricci, M., Roldán‐Jiménez, C., Gómez‐Huelgas, R., Arjona-Caballero, J. M., Escriche-Escuder, A., Bernal-López, M. R., Perez-Belmonte, L. M., & Cuesta‐Vargas, A. (2023) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvad027 · Cited by 9
Assessment of lifestyle-related risk factors enhances the effectiveness of cardiac stress testing
Rozanski, A., Sakul, S., Narula, J., Uretsky, S., Lavie, C. J., & Berman, D. S. (2023) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2023.03.004 · Cited by 11
Gait characteristics related to fall risk in patients with cerebral small vessel disease
Wang, Y., Li, Y., Liu, S., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1166151 · Cited by 10
“A reduction in stride length usually means a reduction in forward propulsion force and impairment of balance (13).”
BackgroundMao, H.-J., Zhang, J., Zhu, W., Zhang, H., Fan, X., Han, F., Ni, J., Zhou, L., Yao, M., Tian, F., et al. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230005 · Cited by 12
“It contributes to increased risk of falling and loss of independence [2–4], while the mechanisms underlying are still unclarified.”
Buford, T. W., Anton, S. D., Bavry, A. A., Carter, C. S., Daniels, M. J., & Pahor, M. (2015) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2015.06.019 · Cited by 11
Cho, J., Smith, M. L., Shubert, T. E., Jiang, L., Ahn, S., & Ory, M. G. (2015) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2015.00026 · Cited by 11
Walking speed as an aging biomarker in baboons (Papio hamadryas)
Huber, H. F., Gerow, K., & Nathanielsz, P. W. (2015) · Journal of Medical Primatology · doi:10.1111/jmp.12199 · Cited by 10
Intergenerational Occupational Mobility and Objective Physical Functioning in Midlife and Older Ages
McCrory, C., Henretta, J. C., O’Connell, M. D. L., et al. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbv084 · Cited by 10
Hong, C., Won, C. W., Kim, B.-S., Choi, H., Kim, S. Y., Choi, S., & Hong, S. (2016) · Korean Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.21215/kjfp.2016.6.2.105 · Cited by 10
Associations of Midlife to Late Life Fatigue With Physical Performance and Strength in Early Old Age
Mänty, M., Kuh, D. J., & Cooper, R. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000214 · Cited by 10
Bennys, K., MAPT-DSA Study group, Gabelle, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-161012 · Cited by 10
“A slow 4MGS in the elderly is typically defined as a walking speed <0.8 m/s [28, 29], which is a consistent risk for disability and cognitive impairment.”
InfluentialAnders, C., Patenge, S., Sander, K., Layher, F., Biedermann, U., & Kinne, R. W. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178957 · Cited by 10
Justice, J. N., Silverstein‐Metzler, M. G., Uberseder, B., Appt, S. E., Clarkson, T. B., Register, T. C., Kritchevsky, S. B., & Shively, C. A. (2017) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-017-9999-1 · Cited by 10
“Advancing age is associated with declines in mobility and physical activity that increase risk of disability, chronic disease, loss of independence, and reduced quality of life (Newman et al. 2006; Paterson et al. 2007; Paterson and Warburton 2010; Studenski et al. 2011; Guralnik et al. 1995; Fusco et al. 2012).”
BackgroundMethodCardiovascular Screening and Primary Prevention in Older Adults
Orkaby, A. R., & Rich, M. W. (2017) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2017.08.003 · Cited by 10
Barry, L. C., Hatchman, L., Fan, Z., Guralnik, J. M., Gao, R. X., & Kuchel, G. A. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15315 · Cited by 11
Increased Single-Fiber Jitter Level Is Associated With Reduction in Motor Function With Aging
Chung, T., Tian, Y., Walston, J. D., & Höke, A. (2018) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000000915 · Cited by 10
Use of Patient-Related Outcomes After Orthopaedic Trauma: Helpful or Not So Much?
Obremskey, W. T., Higgins, T. F., Bettger, J. P., et al. (2018) · Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma · doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000001120 · Cited by 10
Lee, J., Webb, G., Shortland, A. P., Edwards, R., Wilce, C., & Jones, G. (2018) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-018-0945-6 · Cited by 10
Niiranen, T., Enserro, D. M., Larson, M. G., & Vasan, R. S. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly249 · Cited by 10
“Our finding extends from prior work demonstrating that predicted 10 year survival across the range of cross-sectionally measured gait speeds ranged from 19 to 91 per cent, and that predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted survival based on age, sex, and eight other clinical var…”
ResultMelgaard, D., Rodrigo-Domingo, M., Mørch, M., & Byrgesen, S. (2019) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics4010008 · Cited by 10
Hale, T. M., Guardigni, V., Roitmann, E., Vegreville, M., Brawley, B., Woodbury, E. A., Storer, T. W., Sax, P. E., & Montano, M. A. (2019) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/11190 · Cited by 10
“While consistently associated with adverse health outcomes [6-8], historically, physical function assessments, such as slow walking speed, were designed and validated in older geriatric uninfected populations [7] and may be less sensitive to preclinical features of functional decline in healthier middle-aged individua…”
BackgroundInzitari, M., Metti, A. L., Rosano, C., Udina, C., Pérez, L. M., Carrizo, G., Verghese, J., Newman, A. B., Studenski, S. A., & Rosso, A. L. (2019) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110652 · Cited by 10
“In epidemiological studies and clinical settings, gait is evaluated using simple, inexpensive quantitative screening variables such as gait speed (Studenski et al., 2011).”
Self-citationSharma, L., Kwoh, K. C., Lee, J. J., et al. (2019) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215353 · Cited by 10
The Feasibility of Measuring Gait in an Outpatient Cognitive Neurology Clinical Setting
Nocera, J. R., Arşık, İ., Keskinocak, P., et al. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190106 · Cited by 10
“In line with commonly used gait assessment, patients were instructed to walk at their usual pace during all trials [5, 11].”
Harper, S. A., Baptista, L. C. P., Roberts, L. M., Wherry, S. J., Boxer, R. S., Hildreth, K. L., Seay, R. S., Allman, P., Carter, C. S., Aban, I., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2019.00327 · Cited by 11
“Eligible participants will be randomized to receive one of either (1) perindopril, (2) losartan, or (3) HCTZ for blood pressure management and followed for a total of 32 weeks.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMeasuring Slowness in Old Age: Times to Perform Moberg Picking-Up and Walking Speed Tests
Santos‐Eggimann, B., Ballan, K., Fustinoni, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.020 · Cited by 10
Muscular Strength and Quality of Life in Older Adults: The Role of ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism
Fernández-Araque, A., Giaquinta-Aranda, A., Rodríguez-Díez, J. A., Carretero-Molinero, S., López-López, J., & Verde, Z. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18031055 · Cited by 11
“Physical performance measures including HGS are associated with healthy aging, and lower scores increase the risk of mortality [49,50].”
BackgroundPoon, C. L.-L., Cheong, P., Tan, J. W.-M., Thumboo, J., Woon, E.-L., Clark, R. A., Cheok, G., & Pua, Y. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1883750 · Cited by 11
“In this study, we have also chosen to evaluate gait speed because it is a performance-based measure of physical function recommended by Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) [17] and because gait speed is associated with important clinical outcomes in older adults [18,19].”
MethodFrailty as a predictor of outcomes for patients undergoing carotid artery stenting
Faateh, M., Kuo, P., Dakour-Aridi, H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2021.03.038 · Cited by 10
Guo, J., Zhang, H., Li, Y., et al. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111439 · Cited by 10
Laddu, D., LaMonte, M. J., Haring, B., Kim, H., Cawthon, P. M., Bea, J. W., Banack, H. R., Cauley, J. A., Allison, M., Martin, L. W., et al. (2021) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2021.104576 · Cited by 11
Kim, J., Lee, G., Lee, J., et al. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11121551 · Cited by 10
“It has been reported that the decrease in walking ability with aging increases the risk of falls, decreases the activities of daily living and quality of life, and has a high association with mortality [1,3,4].”
BackgroundHandgrip strength to screen early-onset sarcopenia in heart failure
Blanquet, M., Massoullié, G., Boirie, Y., Guiguet‐Auclair, C., Mulliez, A., Anker, S. D., Boiteux, M.-C. D., Jean, F., Combaret, N., Souteyrand, G., et al. (2022) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.05.019 · Cited by 12
Silva, É. C. G. E., Schmitt, A. C. B., de Godoy, C. G., Gambeta, A. C., Carvalho, C. R. F., Fu, C., Tanaka, C., Toufen, C., de Carvalho, C. R. R., & Pompeu, J. E. (2022) · Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100075 · Cited by 10
“A low level of physical activity has been associated with higher mortality in older adults.(7) In heart failure patients, decreased physical activity is associated with poor functional physical performance and with an increased risk of hospitalization and mortality.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
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