The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
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43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
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“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
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In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
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In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
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In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
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In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,401–2,500 of 4,515
Fritz, S. L., Peters, D. M., & Greene, J. V. (2012) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0b013e31823d9c22 · Cited by 10
Li, C.-M., Chang, C.-I., Yu, W.-R., Yang, W., Hsu, C., & Chen, C. (2016) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2016.12.009 · Cited by 11
Muscle Ultrasound As a Link to Muscle Quality and Frailty in the Clinic
Bartley, J. M., & Studenski, S. A. (2017) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15075 · Cited by 9
Self-citationA systematic review and meta‐analysis: Assessment of hospital walking programs among older patients
Loyd, C., Zhang, Y., Weisberg, T., Boyett, J., Huckaby, E. R., Grundhoefer, J., Otero, S., Roberts, L. M., Giordano‐Mooga, S., Capo‐Lugo, C. E., et al. (2022) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1496 · Cited by 8
Osawa, Y., Candia, J., Abe, Y., Tajima, T., Oguma, Y., & Arai, Y. (2023) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2023.112230 · Cited by 8
“For example, slower walking speed is associated with a higher mortality risk (Studenski, 2019; Studenski et al., 2011).”
A system for monitoring the functional status of older adults in daily life
Friedrich, B., Elgert, L., Eckhoff, D., Bauer, J. M., & Hein, A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39483-x · Cited by 9
Hypertension Treatment in Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of Guidelines
Hu, K., Zhou, G., Jiang, M., Wei, X., Yu, J., Liu, L., Wang, Z., Feng, L., Wu, M., Li, T., et al. (2023) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.1007/s40266-023-01053-1 · Cited by 9
Messier, S. P., Gill, M. E., Mihalko, S. L., Beavers, D. P., Queen, K. T., Miller, G. D., Losina, E., Katz, J. N., Loeser, R. F., DeVita, P., et al. (2023) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.25265 · Cited by 8
“33 In addition, the class III obesity group exhibited shorter strides and the associated increased stance and reduced swing phase times, a wider stride width (base of support), and more forefoot abduction during walking compared to the other obesity classes.”
BackgroundAssociations Between Walking Speed and Gut Microbiome Composition in Older Men From the MrOS Study
Farsijani, S., Cauley, J. A., Cawthon, P. M., Langsetmo, L., ORWOLL, E. S., Kado, D. M., Kiel, D. P., & Newman, A. B. (2024) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glae030 · Cited by 11
Honda, T., Murakami, H., Tanaka, H., et al. (2024) · Surgery Today · doi:10.1007/s00595-024-02807-z · Cited by 8
“Gait speed is known as the “sixth vital sign” [25], and is a valid, reliable, and sensitive measurement for assessing and monitoring functional status and overall health in a wide range of populations [26].”
BackgroundXu, K., Wang, Y., Jiang, Y., Wang, Y., Li, P., Lu, H., Suo, C., Yuan, Z., Yang, Q., Dong, Q., et al. (2024) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108162 · Cited by 9
Sit-to-Stand Power Is a Stronger Predictor of Gait Speed than Knee Extension Strength
Steinbrink, G. M., Martinez, J., Swartz, A. M., & Strath, S. J. (2024) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk9020103 · Cited by 9
“Consequently, usual gait speed (UGS) significantly predicts mortality, falls, and hospitalizations in aging adults [4–6].”
BackgroundGait performance in older adults across the cognitive spectrum: Results from the GAIT cohort
Ali, P., Renaud, P., Montero‐Odasso, M., Gautier, J., Dinomais, M., & Annweiler, C. (2024) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.19162 · Cited by 8
“39,40 However, an investigation into the clinical applicability of our parameters revealed a new cut score of 88 cm/s for the NA gait speed, which effectively distinguishes the “ cognitive impairment group ” from the control group.”
Gökçe, E., Fréret, T., & Langeard, A. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.12.007 · Cited by 10
“Relatedly, it has been reported that gait speed was especially important after age 75, predicting frailty and increased demand for more health resources (Studenski et al., 2011; G ´ omez Pav ´ on et al., 2007).”
Anderson, J. T., Stenum, J., Roemmich, R. T., & Wilson, R. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1542012 · Cited by 10
Caronni, A., Amadei, M., Diana, L., Sangalli, G., Scarano, S., Perucca, L., Rota, V., & Bolognini, N. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01068-8 · Cited by 8
“…GS) and a physiotherapist (MA): – TUG test instrumented with a trunk inertial measurement unit [13] (see below for details), – 10 m walking test (10MWT) [31], – Hoehn and Yahr rating scale [30], – Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPRDS) III [32], – Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) [33].”
Inns, T. B., Pina, I., Macgregor, L. J., Dudchenko, P. A., Crockett, R. A., & Hunter, A. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2025.1573778 · Cited by 10
“It seems that subtle declines in walking performance may actually begin earlier in life, during middle age (Studenski et al., 2011; Ko et al., 2010).”
Robbins, R. N., O’Connor, J. C., CORTES, T. M., & Serra, M. C. (2025) · Dietetics · doi:10.3390/dietetics4030032 · Cited by 9
Gait Event Detection and Gait Parameter Estimation from a Single Waist-Worn IMU Sensor
Stenger, R., Pour, H. H., Teich, J., Hein, A., & Fudickar, S. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25206463 · Cited by 11
“Another study indicated that gait velocity is associated with survival in the elderly population [4].”
Morard, M.-D., Besson, D., Laroche, D., Naaïm, A., Grémeaux, V., & Casillas, J.-M. (2016) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2016.11.001 · Cited by 8
Hetherington, S. A., Henwood, T. R., Swinton, P. A., Keogh, J., Gardiner, P. A., Tuckett, A. G., & Rouse, K. (2018) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.03.004 · Cited by 8
Self-reported Balance Confidence Relates to Perceived Mobility Limitations in Older Cancer Survivors
Huang, M. H., Righter, A., & Shilling, T. (2016) · Rehabilitation Oncology · doi:10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000017 · Cited by 8
“Mobility activities in the PFS include the following: (1) vigorous activities; (2) moderate activities; (3) lifting or carrying groceries; (4) climbing several flights of stairs; (5) climbing 1 flight of stairs; (6) bending, kneeling, or stooping; (7) walking more than a mile; (8) walking several hundred yards; (9) wa…”
BackgroundDaily step count and walking speed as general measures of patient wellbeing
Mobbs, R. J., & Betteridge, C. (2020) · Journal of Spine Surgery · doi:10.21037/jss-2020-03 · Cited by 8
“Reduction in WS is a key characteristic of ageing and frailty (1), as well as a predictor of falls (2), a finding in many neurological diseases (3,4) and a predictor of mortality regardless of age (5).”
BackgroundTomita, Y., Arima, K., Mizukami, S., et al. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01858-4 · Cited by 8
Zemp, D. D., Giannini, O., Quadri, P., Rabuffetti, M., Tettamanti, M., & de Bruin, E. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.702029 · Cited by 8
Takada, Y., & Tanaka, S. (2021) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/23337214211048955 · Cited by 8
“In addition, since there are several reports that gait speed predicts falls, longevity, and living range, it is important to evaluate gait speed (Fritz & Lusardi, 2009; Graham et al., 2008; Guralnik et al.,1995, 2000; Hausdorff et al., 2001; Studenski et al., 2011; van Kan et al., 2009).”
BackgroundCarneiro, M. A. S., Júnior, G. N. D. O., Castro-e-Souza, P., de Oliveira, A. A., Nunes, P. R. P., Izquierdo, M., Cadore, E. L., & Cyrino, E. S. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101673 · Cited by 9
D’Silva, L. J., Chalise, P., Rippee, M. A., & Devos, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.819169 · Cited by 8
“Gait speed is an important measure of function and a powerful predictor of quality of life, disability, survival, cognitive decline and falls (45).”
BackgroundBuss, S. S., Becerra, L. A., Trevino, J. A., Fortier, C. B., Ngo, L. H., & Novak, V. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278319 · Cited by 9
“Gait speed is an independent predictor of survival in adults over age 65, and walking slower than 80 cm/s increases the risk of early mortality [6].”
BackgroundEffects of cane use on the kinematic and kinetic of lower-extremity joints in inexperienced users
Zhang, Y., Tao, C., Zhang, X., et al. (2022) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111426 · Cited by 8
Gait Speed and Cardiovascular Disease by Glycemic Status
Ueno, K., Kaneko, H., Kamiya, K., Okada, A., Suzuki, Y., Fujiu, K., Matsuoka, S., Michihata, N., Takeda, N., Jo, T., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.12.012 · Cited by 9
Differential Item Functioning of the Mini-BESTest Balance Measure: A Rasch Analysis Study
Caronni, A., Picardi, M., Scarano, S., Tropea, P., Gilardone, G., Bolognini, N., Redaelli, V., Pintavalle, G., Aristidou, E., Antoniotti, P., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20065166 · Cited by 8
“The patient’s gait speed was measured using the 10 m walking test [34].”
MethodMuscle power-related parameters in middle-aged and older Brazilian women: a cross-sectional study
Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Gonçalves, I. D. O., Landi, F., Calvani, R., Tosato, M., Picca, A., & Marzetti, E. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-39182-7 · Cited by 8
Xiong, T., Ou, Y., Chen, S., Liu, S., Yi, X., Deng, X., Tao, C., & Hao, L. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17237-8 · Cited by 8
“The 20-meter walk test was used to assess the participants’ pace [28].”
MethodAssessing nutrition status, sarcopenia, and frailty in adult transplant recipients
Ruiz‐Margáin, A., Macías‐Rodríguez, R. U., Flores-García, N. C., Román-Calleja, B. M., Fierro-Angulo, O. M., & González-Regueiro, J. A. (2023) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/ncp.11107 · Cited by 8
Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis (ADO) Caused by a Missense Variant in the TCIRG1 Gene
Jodeh, W., Katz, A. J., Hart, M., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae040 · Cited by 8
Coelho‐Júnior, H. J., Araújo, E. M., Uchida, M. C., Marzetti, E., & Aguiar, S. D. S. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105353 · Cited by 9
Jakiela, J. T., Voinier, D., Horney, J. A., Golightly, Y. M., Bye, T. K., & White, D. K. (2024) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.2023-0818 · Cited by 8
Aronson, L. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp2314068 · Cited by 8
Hortobágyi, T., Větrovský, T., Uematsu, A., et al. (2024) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-024-00723-7 · Cited by 8
“Already existing functional tests such as the time it takes to cover 4–10 m on a level surface [3], the Timed-Up-and-Go test [4] or the walking component of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) [5] infer dynamic balance from walking speed without a loss of balance.”
BackgroundChuang, L.-L., Hsu, A.-L., Lin, Y.-H., Yu, M.-H., Hu, G., Ou, Y.-C., & Wong, M. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2365986 · Cited by 8
“Moreover, an improvement of 0.10 m/s in gait speed under walking with the Stroop task in the dual-task training group reaches substantial change to improve physical function and quality of life for older adults [44,45].”
InfluentialDoes Walking Speed Predict Postoperative Morbidity?
Townsend, N. T., & Robinson, T. N. (2014) · Advances in Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.yasu.2014.05.013 · Cited by 8
Avoiding Depression, Dementia, and Frailty: Do You Feel Lucky?
Hubbard, R. E., & Lang, I. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.01.085 · Cited by 8
What the 4-metre gait speed measures and why it cannot replace functional capacity tests
Kon, S. S. C., Canavan, J. L., Nolan, C. M., et al. (2014) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00222013 · Cited by 8
Identifying Failure to Thrive in the Long Term Care Setting
Anderson, K. A., Baraldi, C. A., & Supiano, M. A. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.05.018 · Cited by 8
Gangstörungen beim geriatrischen Patienten
Jahn, K., Heinze, C., Selge, C., Hesselbarth, K., & Schniepp, R. (2015) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-014-4182-8 · Cited by 8
Body Acceleration as Indicator for Walking Economy in an Ageing Population
Valenti, G., Bonomi, A. G., & Westerterp, K. R. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141431 · Cited by 8
Stevenson, J. B. T. (2013) · Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research · doi:10.4172/2155-6113.s9-003 · Cited by 8
Indoor Location IoT Analytics “in the wild”: Active and Healthy Ageing Cases
Konstantinidis, E. I., Billis, A. S., Plotegher, L., et al. (2016) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32703-7_237 · Cited by 8
Slow Gait Speed Is a Risk Factor for Complications After Hepatic Resection
Itoh, S., Yoshizumi, T., Sakata, K., Motomura, T., Mano, Y., Toshima, T., Harimoto, N., Harada, N., Ikegami, T., Soejima, Y., et al. (2018) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-018-3993-5 · Cited by 8
Using Smart Socks to Detect Step-count at Slow Walking Speeds in Healthy Adults
Balmain, B. N., Tuttle, N., Bailey, J., Cheng, K., Duryea, M., Houlihan, J., Wotherspoon, J., & Morris, N. R. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-0732-5621 · Cited by 8
“0 km/h) which typically represents that of older individuals [14] – these findings do not necessarily suggest that Smart Socks are the most appropriate device for estimating daily levels of physical activity.”
BackgroundThe association of a novel cognitive frailty index and physical functioning in older at-risk adults
Armstrong, N. M., Andrews, R. M., Gross, A. L., Varma, V. R., Xue, Q., & Carlson, M. C. (2019) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1531377 · Cited by 9
Bahiraei, S., Daneshmandi, H., Norasteh, A. A., et al. (2018) · Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy · doi:10.32598/ptj.8.2.63 · Cited by 8
Nakamura, Y., Machida, Y., Hanawa, H., et al. (2019) · Spine Surgery and Related Research · doi:10.22603/ssrr.2018-0046 · Cited by 8
Cardiovascular Health and Healthy Aging
Reynolds, I. J., Page, R. L., II, & Boxer, R. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-06200-2_5 · Cited by 10
Heterogeneity amongst different diagnostic tools in frailty screening
Redín-Sagredo, M. J., Herce, P. A., Herrero, A. C., Gutiérrez‐Valencia, M., & Martínez‐Velilla, N. (2019) · Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra · doi:10.23938/assn.0642 · Cited by 8
Make time for gait speed: vital to staging the aging
Wildes, T. M. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019001335 · Cited by 8
Sitting time and associated factors among Portuguese older adults: results from Nutrition UP 65
Sousa, A. S., Mendes, J., Guerra, R. S., Padrão, P., Moreira, P. A. M., Santos, A., Borges, N., Afonso, C., Martins, C., Ferro, G., et al. (2019) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-019-00532-y · Cited by 8
Schaefer, S. Y., Sullivan, J. M., Peterson, D. S., et al. (2019) · Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2019.08.004 · Cited by 8
“We also note that the improvements were in gait speed, an outcome with high functional relevance for mobility and mortality [4].”
BackgroundRoseen, E. J., Ward, R. E., Keysor, J. J., Atlas, S. J., Leveille, S. G., & Bean, J. F. (2020) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.12336 · Cited by 8
Takeshima, N., Kohama, T., Kusünoki, M., Okada, S., Fujita, E., Oba, Y., & Brechue, W. F. (2020) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/0361073x.2020.1743928 · Cited by 9
Postural Control Mechanisms in Mammals, Including Humans
Jahn, K., & Wuehr, M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.24132-1 · Cited by 9
Does Home-Based Exercise Improve the Physical Function of Prefrail Older Women?
Garcia, R. N. S. D. A., Costa, S. N., Garcia, E. D. S. D. A., & Bento, P. C. B. (2020) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2019.2292 · Cited by 8
“39 Although we did not find any significant difference in time to perform the TUG test in both groups after the intervention, the results found in the present study are above from the recommended cutoff values for age of the subjects.”
Kitagawa, N., Okamura, T., Kitagawa, N., Hashimoto, Y., Hamaguchi, M., & Fukui, M. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13291 · Cited by 8
Vestibular Aging Process from 3D Physiological Imaging of the Membranous Labyrinth
Tanioka, H., Tanioka, S., & Kaga, K. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-66520-w · Cited by 8
Antihypertensive medications and physical function in older persons
Fragoso, C. A. V., & McAvay, G. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111009 · Cited by 8
Lower Thalamic Blood Flow Is Associated With Slower Stride Velocity in Older Adults
Koblinsky, N. D., Atwi, S., Cohen, E., Anderson, N. D., Greenwood, C. E., MacIntosh, B. J., & Robertson, A. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.571074 · Cited by 8
Botoseneanu, A., Chen, H., Ambrosius, W. T., Allore, H. G., Anton, S. D., Folta, S. C., King, A. C., Nicklas, B. J., Spring, B. J., Strotmeyer, E. S., et al. (2021) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111343 · Cited by 8
“The clinical importance of even small changes in walking speed is enhanced by prior findings showing that incremental clinical benefits can be detected across a continuous, rather than categorical, range of walking speeds (Abellan Van Kan et al., 2009; Studenski et al., 2011), and that improvement in 400-m walking spe…”
BackgroundArita, H., Kaneko, H., Ishibashi, M., et al. (2021) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · doi:10.1016/j.ocarto.2021.100176 · Cited by 8
Lindemann, U., Krumpoch, S., Becker, C., Sieber, C. C., & Freiberger, E. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-021-01908-5 · Cited by 8
Sprague, B. N., Rosso, A. L., Zhu, X., et al. (2021) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.17351 · Cited by 8
“Gait slowing predicts adverse health, including greater disability(1) and mortality.(2) Usual gait is commonly assessed,(3) but rapid gait, or walking “as fast as possible”, appears more sensitive to age-related decline.”
Mobility improvement in the first 6 postoperative weeks in orthogeriatric fracture patients
Keppler, A. M., Holzschuh, J., Pfeufer, D., Gleich, J., Neuerburg, C., Kammerlander, C., Böcker, W., & Fürmetz, J. (2021) · European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00068-021-01856-0 · Cited by 9
Heumann, Z., Youssim, I., Kizony, R., Friedlander, Y., Shochat, T., Weiss, R., Hochner, H., & Agmon, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.761948 · Cited by 8
Álvarez-Millán, L., Lerma, C., Castillo-Castillo, D., Quispe-Siccha, R. M., Pérez-Pacheco, A., Rivera-Sánchez, J., & Fossión, R. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19148413 · Cited by 8
Association between arterial stiffness and walking capacity in older adults
Hinrichs, T., Portegijs, E., Rantanen, T., Infanger, D., Schmidt‐Trucksäss, A., & Karavirta, L. (2022) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2022.111925 · Cited by 8
“…only provide an estimate of the hemodynamics of central arteries, even though PWV is known to markedly vary along the complete arterial tree due to variations in arterial structure and geometry (Latham et al., 1985; Nichols and McDonald, 1972; Segers et al., 2009; Sugawara et al., 2010).”
BackgroundCorrea‐de‐Araujo, R., & Bhasin, S. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glac181 · Cited by 7
Weimann, A., Ahlert, M., Seehofer, D., et al. (2023) · Transplant International · doi:10.3389/ti.2023.11296 · Cited by 8
“Although walking speed is a major predictor of functional decline and mortality in older people [49], the internationally widely used Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) [50] additionally measures balance control and lower limb strength (five chair rise).”
Method6-Axis force/torque sensor for spike pins of sports shoes
Ishido, H., Takahashi, H., Nakai, A., et al. (2015) · Proceedings, IEEE micro electro mechanical systems · doi:10.1109/memsys.2015.7050937 · Cited by 8
Mak, J. C. S., Mason, R. S., Klein, L., & Cameron, I. D. (2011) · Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/2151458511406723 · Cited by 8
A Concept Analysis of Individualized Aging
Cline, D. D. (2014) · Nursing Education Perspectives · doi:10.5480/12-1053.1 · Cited by 10
Spatiotemporal Changes Posttreatment in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Myers, S. A., Huben, N. B., Yentes, J. M., McCamley, J., Lyden, E. R., Pipinos, I. I., & Johanning, J. M. (2015) · Rehabilitation Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2015/124023 · Cited by 8
The Walking Speed Questionnaire
Cong, T., Cohn, M. R., Villa, J. C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma · doi:10.1097/bot.0000000000000476 · Cited by 8
“GS is an important variable in the clinical assessment of the elderly as a major independent predictor for health outcomes.(2,4,5,7,8,10,11,25,26) The WSQ allows for GS assessment in a self-reported, nonambulatory fashion.”
BackgroundKey Data from the 17th International Workshop on Co-morbidities and Adverse Drug Reactions in HIV
Coughlan, R., & Cameron, S. (2016) · Antiviral Therapy · doi:10.3851/imp3031 · Cited by 8
Analyses of Plantar Foot Pressure and Static Balance According to the Type of Insole in the Elderly
Bae, K.-H., Shin, J.-H., Lee, J.-S., et al. (2016) · Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics · doi:10.5103/kjsb.2016.26.1.115 · Cited by 8
Li, G., Παπαϊωάννου, Α., Thabane, L., Levine, M., Ioannidis, G., Wong, A. K. O., Lau, A. N., & Adachi, J. D. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.11.015 · Cited by 8
Layne, A. S., Krehbiel, L. M., Mankowski, R. T., Anton, S. D., Leeuwenburgh, C., Pahor, M., Sandesara, B. D., Wu, S. S., & Buford, T. W. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2017.03.002 · Cited by 8
“mg/day resveratrol (2) 1000 mg/day resveratrol or (3) placebo.”
Wouters, H., Aalbers, T., Maessen, M. F. H., Verbeek, A. L. M., Rikkert, M. G. M. O., Kessels, R. P. C., Hopman, M. T. E., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2017) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2016.1876 · Cited by 8
“23,24 The finding is also consistent with a range of positive associations of walking speed with survival, 11 better pulmonary function, and greater muscle strength, 13 as well as larger left prefrontal regions of the brain.”
Mandini, S., Collini, G., Grazzi, G., Lavezzi, E., Mazzoni, G., & Conconi, F. (2017) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-017-0412-3 · Cited by 8
Zinglersen, A. H., Halsteen, M. B., Kjær, M., & Karlsen, A. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2018.02.024 · Cited by 8
Parisi, J. M., Roberts, L., Szanton, S. L., Hodgson, N. A., & Gitlin, L. N. (2018) · Activities Adaptation & Aging · doi:10.1080/01924788.2018.1521254 · Cited by 9
“, 2017), institutionalization (Freedman & Spillman, 2014), as well as an increased risk of mortality (Hardy, Perea, Roumani, Chandler, & Studenski, 2007; Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundShrewdShoe, a smart pressure sensitive wearable platform
Shayan, A. M., Khazaei, A., Hamed, A., Amralizadeh, A., & Masouleh, M. T. (2018) · RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICRoM) · doi:10.1109/icrom.2018.8657559 · Cited by 9
The Frailty Index in older women with gynecological cancer
Orlandini, L., Nestola, T., Colloca, G. A., et al. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01473-8 · Cited by 8
Continence: Bowel and Bladder and Physical Function Decline in Women
Hassani, D. B., Arya, L. A., & Andy, U. U. (2020) · Current Geriatrics Reports · doi:10.1007/s13670-020-00313-x · Cited by 10
Forte, R., VITO, G. D., & Boreham, C. A. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01543-x · Cited by 8
Plantar Flexor Function in Adults with and without Prader–Willi Syndrome
Pamukoff, D. N., Holmes, S. C., Shumski, E. J., et al. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002361 · Cited by 8
“Gait speed is commonly used as a marker of mobility and is linked to mortality among older adults (20).”
BackgroundCai, Y., Hausdorff, J. M., Bean, J. F., et al. (2020) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-020-01583-3 · Cited by 8
Sumantri, S., Rengganis, I., Laksmi, P. W., et al. (2021) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203320988595 · Cited by 8
“1m/s gait speed increment.(21) Furthermore, our study also showed that individuals with low muscle strength also had a significantly lower gait speed compared to normal muscle strength (0.”
BackgroundDeshayes, M., Corrion, K., Zory, R., Guerin, O., Chorin, F., & d'Arripe-Longueville, F. (2021) · Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print) · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2021.104417 · Cited by 7
Feodoroff, B., & Blümer, V. (2021) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.11.016 · Cited by 8
Reliability of nerve function assessments for people with peripheral neuropathy
Zhang, S., Holmes, M. L., & Li, L. (2014) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207454.2014.920332 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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