Effect of Sunscreen Application on Plasma Concentration of Sunscreen Active Ingredients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Open accessAbstract
Importance: A prior pilot study demonstrated the systemic absorption of 4 sunscreen active ingredients; additional studies are needed to determine the systemic absorption of additional active ingredients and how quickly systemic exposure exceeds 0.5 ng/mL as recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Objective: To assess the systemic absorption and pharmacokinetics of the 6 active ingredients (avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, and octinoxate) in 4 sunscreen products under single- and maximal-use conditions. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized clinical trial at a clinical pharmacology unit (West Bend, Wisconsin) was conducted in 48 healthy participants. The study was conducted between January and February 2019. Interventions: Participants were randomized to 1 of 4 sunscreen products, formulated as lotion (n = 12), aerosol spray (n = 12), nonaerosol spray (n = 12), and pump spray (n = 12). Sunscreen product was applied at 2 mg/cm2 to 75% of body surface area at 0 hours on day 1 and 4 times on day 2 through day 4 at 2-hour intervals, and 34 blood samples were collected over 21 days from each participant. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the maximum plasma concentration of avobenzone over days 1 through 21. Secondary outcomes were the maximum plasma concentrations of oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, and octinoxate over days 1 through 21. Results: Among 48 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 38.7 [13.2] years; 24 women [50%]; 23 white [48%], 23 African American [48%], 1 Asian [2%], and 1 of unknown race/ethnicity [2%]), 44 (92%) completed the trial. Geometric mean maximum plasma concentrations of all 6 active ingredients were greater than 0.5 ng/mL, and this threshold was surpassed on day 1 after a single application for all active ingredients. For avobenzone, the overall maximum plasma concentrations were 7.1 ng/mL (coefficient of variation [CV], 73.9%) for lotion, 3.5 ng/mL (CV, 70.9%) for aerosol spray, 3.5 ng/mL (CV, 73.0%) for nonaerosol spray, and 3.3 ng/mL (CV, 47.8%) for pump spray. For oxybenzone, the concentrations were 258.1 ng/mL (CV, 53.0%) for lotion and 180.1 ng/mL (CV, 57.3%) for aerosol spray. For octocrylene, the concentrations were 7.8 ng/mL (CV, 87.1%) for lotion, 6.6 ng/mL (CV, 78.1%) for aerosol spray, and 6.6 ng/mL (CV, 103.9%) for nonaerosol spray. For homosalate, concentrations were 23.1 ng/mL (CV, 68.0%) for aerosol spray, 17.9 ng/mL (CV, 61.7%) for nonaerosol spray, and 13.9 ng/mL (CV, 70.2%) for pump spray. For octisalate, concentrations were 5.1 ng/mL (CV, 81.6%) for aerosol spray, 5.8 ng/mL (CV, 77.4%) for nonaerosol spray, and 4.6 ng/mL (CV, 97.6%) for pump spray. For octinoxate, concentrations were 7.9 ng/mL (CV, 86.5%) for nonaerosol spray and 5.2 ng/mL (CV, 68.2%) for pump spray. The most common adverse event was rash, which developed in 14 participants. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study conducted in a clinical pharmacology unit and examining sunscreen application among healthy participants, all 6 of the tested active ingredients administered in 4 different sunscreen formulations were systemically absorbed and had plasma concentrations that surpassed the FDA threshold for potentially waiving some of the additional safety studies for sunscreens. These findings do not indicate that individuals should refrain from the use of sunscreen. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03582215.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A 2020 study of 48 randomized participants applying 2 mg/cm2 of sunscreen product to 75% of body surface areas between one and four times per day for 4 days demonstrated systemic absorption of avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, and octinoxate.
“This 2020 study of 48 randomized participants applying 2 mg/ cm 2 of sunscreen product to 75% of body surface areas between one and four times per day for 4 days demonstrated systemic absorption of avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, and octinoxate [51].”
From Sunscreens and Photoaging: A Review of Current Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [51]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Krause, M., Klit, A., Blomberg Jensen, M., Søeborg, T., Frederiksen, H., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W., Skakkebaek, N. E., & Drzewiecki, K. T. (2012) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01280.x · Cited by 461 · see citing works
Schlumpf, M., Kypke, K., Wittassek, M., Angerer, J., Mascher, H., Mascher, D., Vökt, C., Birchler, M., & Lichtensteiger, W. (2010) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.09.079 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Matta, M. K., Zusterzeel, R., Pilli, N. R., Patel, V., Volpe, D. A., Florian, J., Oh, L., Bashaw, E., Zineh, I., Sanabria, C., et al. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.5586 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman safety and efficacy of ultraviolet filters and sunscreen products
Nash, J. (2006) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2005.09.006 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Variation in stratum corneum protein content as a function of anatomical site and ethnic group
Raj, N., Voegeli, R., Rawlings, A. V., Gibbons, S., Munday, M. R., Summers, B., & Lane, M. E. (2015) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12274 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sunscreens and Photoaging: A Review of Current Literature
Guan, L. L., Lim, H. W., & Mohammad, T. F. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-021-00632-5 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
“This 2020 study of 48 randomized participants applying 2 mg/ cm2 of sunscreen product to 75% of body surface areas between one and four times per day for 4 days demonstrated systemic absorption of avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, homosalate, octisalate, and octinoxate [51].”
BackgroundMethodRisks of organic UV filters: A review of environmental and human health concern studies
Huang, Y., Law, J. C.-F., Lam, T.-K., & Leung, K. S.-Y. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142486 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Passeron, T., Lim, H. W., Goh, C. ‐., Kang, H. Y., Ly, F., Morita, A., Ocampo Candiani, J., Puig, S., Schalka, S., Wei, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.17242 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
The efficacy and safety of sunscreen use for the prevention of skin cancer
Sander, M., Sander, M., Burbidge, T., & Beecker, J. (2020) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.201085 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Mustieles, V., Balogh, R. K., Axelstad, M., Montazeri, P., Márquez, S., Vrijheid, M., Draskau, M. K., Taxvig, C., Peinado, F. M., Berman, T., et al. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.107739 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
A sustainable life cycle for cosmetics: from design and development to post-use phase
Martins, A. M., & Marto, J. M. (2023) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2023.101178 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Downs, C. A., DiNardo, J. C., Stien, D., Rodrigues, A. M. S., & Lebaron, P. (2021) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00461 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The State of Melanoma: Emergent Challenges and Opportunities
Atkins, M. B., Curiel‐Lewandrowski, C. N., Fisher, D. E., Swetter, S. M., Tsao, H., Aguirre‐Ghiso, J. A., Soengas, M. S., Weeraratna, A. T., Flaherty, K. T., Herlyn, M., et al. (2021) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-4092 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Fivenson, D., Sabzevari, N., Qiblawi, S., Blitz, J., Norton, B. B., & Norton, S. A. (2021) · International Journal of Women's Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.08.008 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Environmental impacts due to the use of sunscreen products: a mini-review
Chatzigianni, M., Pavlou, P., Siamidi, A., Vlachou, M., Varvaresou, A., & Papageorgiou, S. (2022) · Ecotoxicology · doi:10.1007/s10646-022-02592-w · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Sabzevari, N., Qiblawi, S., Norton, S. A., & Fivenson, D. (2021) · International Journal of Women's Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.05.017 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Ultraviolet Filters for Cosmetic Applications
Nițulescu, G., Lupuliasa, D., Adam-Dima, I., & Nițulescu, G. (2023) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics10040101 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Sunscreens and their usefulness: have we made any progress in the last two decades?
Serpone, N. (2021) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-021-00013-1 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Daily photoprotection to prevent photoaging
Krutmann, J., Schalka, S., Watson, R. E. B., Liu, W., & Morita, A. (2021) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12688 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Drug Delivery Strategies for Avobenzone: A Case Study of Photostabilization
Gholap, A. D., Sayyad, S. F., Hatvate, N. T., Dhumal, V. V., Pardeshi, S. R., Chavda, V. P., & Vora, L. K. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15031008 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Downs, C. A., Bishop, E., Diaz-Cruz, M. S., Haghshenas, S. A., Stien, D., Rodrigues-Stien, A., Woodley, C. M., Sunyer‐Caldú, A., Doust, S. N., Espero, W., et al. (2021) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132880 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Pantelic, M. N., Wong, N. A., Kwa, M. C., & Lim, H. W. (2022) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2022.11.039 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A Survey of UV Filters Used in Sunscreen Cosmetics
Pniewska, A., & Kalinowska‐Lis, U. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14083302 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Song, H., Beckles, A., Salian, P., & Porter, M. L. (2020) · International Journal of Women’s Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.10.008 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Lignin-Based Sunscreens—State-of-the-Art, Prospects and Challenges
Widsten, P. (2020) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics7040085 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Afarideh, M., Sartori‐Valinotti, J. C., & Tollefson, M. M. (2021) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.4143 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
UV-filter pollution: current concerns and future prospects
de Miranda, L. R. D., Harvey, K. E., Ahmed, A., & Harvey, S. (2021) · Environmental Monitoring & Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-021-09626-6 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Abiola, T. T., Whittock, A. L., & Stavros, V. G. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25173945 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Photoprotection for all: Current gaps and opportunities
Rigel, D. S., Lim, H. W., Draelos, Z. D., Weber, T. M., & Taylor, S. C. (2021) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2021.12.023 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Cutaneous Photoprotection: A Review of the Current Status and Evolving Strategies.
Suozzi, K. C., Turban, J. L., & Girardi, M. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Labille, J., Catalano, R., Slomberg, D., Motellier, S., Pinsino, A., Hennebert, P., Santaella, C., & Bartolomei, V. (2020) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.00101 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Slip versus Slop: A Head-to-Head Comparison of UV-Protective Clothing to Sunscreen
Berry, E., Bezecny, J. A., Acton, M., Sulmonetti, T. P., Anderson, D. M., Beckham, H. W., Durr, R. A., Chiba, T., Beem, J., Brash, D. E., et al. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14030542 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Photolyase Production and Current Applications: A Review
Ramírez-Gamboa, D., Díaz-Zamorano, A. L., Meléndez-Sánchez, E. R., Reyes-Pardo, H., Villaseñor-Zepeda, K. R., López-Arellanes, M. E., Sosa‐Hernández, J. E., Coronado-Apodaca, K. G., Gámez-Méndez, A. M., Afewerki, S., et al. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27185998 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Slomberg, D., Catalano, R., Bartolomei, V., & Labille, J. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116263 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gholap, A. D., Pardeshi, S. R., Hatvate, N. T., Dhorkule, N., Sayyad, S. F., Faiyazuddin, M., & Khalid, M. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142235 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ultraviolet Filters: Dissecting Current Facts and Myths
Breakell, T., Kowalski, I., Foerster, Y., Kramer, R., Erdmann, M., Berking, C., & Heppt, M. V. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13102986 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Dahabra, L., Broadberry, G., Gresley, A. L., Najlah, M., & Khoder, M. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26061698 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bacqueville, D., Jacques-Jamin, C., Lapalud, P., Douki, T., Roullet, N., Sereno, J., Redoules, D., Bessou-Touya, S., & Duplan, H. (2022) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.18196 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Delivery System for Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Chang, J., Yu, B., Saltzman, W. M., & Girardi, M. (2023) · JID Innovations · doi:10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100197 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Systemic Absorption of Sunscreen
Adamson, A. S., & Shinkai, K. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2019.20143 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ye, R., Li, Z., Xian, H., Zhong, Y., Liang, B., Huang, Y., Chen, D., Dai, M., Tang, S., Guo, J., et al. (2024) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp13696 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
McDonald, K. A., Lytvyn, Y., Mufti, A., Chan, A., & Rosen, C. F. (2022) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-022-02483-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Onyango, D. O., Selman, B., Rose, J. L., Ellison, C. A., & Nash, J. F. (2023) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfad082 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bury, D., Weber, T., Ebert, K. E., Zülz, S., Brüning, T., Koch, H., & Kolossa-Gehring, M. (2023) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2023.108334 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Foubert, K., Dendooven, E., Theunis, M., Naessens, T., Ivanova, B., Pieters, L. A. C., Gilissen, L., Huygens, S., Borggraeve, W. M. D., Lambert, J. R., et al. (2021) · Contact Dermatitis · doi:10.1111/cod.13845 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Li, S., Wang, Y., Li, T., Ma, P., Zhang, X., Xia, B., Chen, M., Du, M., & Dong, W. (2021) · Colloid & Polymer Science · doi:10.1007/s00396-021-04905-7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Pal, V. K., Lee, S., & Kannan, K. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164196 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Levine, A. (2021) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.4432 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sunscreens and Their Impact on Human Health and the Environment: A Review
Just, M. (2025) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ijd.17800 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Sunscreens part 2: Regulation and safety
Azim, S. A., Bainvoll, L., Vecerek, N., DeLeo, V. A., & Adler, B. L. (2024) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2024.02.066 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
New trends on personalized sunscreens
Gracia‐Cazaña, T., Aguilera, J. M., Navarro‐Bielsa, A., González, S., Lim, H. W., & Gilaberte, Y. (2024) · Photodermatology Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.12967 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
D'Ruiz, C. D., Plautz, J. R., Schuetz, R., Sanabria, C., Hammonds, J., Erato, C., Klock, J., Vollhardt, J., & Mesaros, S. (2023) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105344 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationThallinger, D., Labille, J., Milinkovitch, T., Boudenne, J., Loosli, F., Slomberg, D., Angeletti, B., & Lefrançois, C. (2023) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12904 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Synergistic UV protection effects of the lignin nanodiamond complex
Yew, P. Y. M., Zhu, D., Lin, Q., Jiang, L., Chee, P. L., Leong, H. S., Dong, Z., Guo, X., Kai, D., & Loh, X. J. (2021) · Materials Today Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100574 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Shin, S., Sim, E., Lee, W., Paik, H., Yu, Y., & Ahn, D. (2022) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109969 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Lorigo, M., Quintaneiro, C., Breitenfeld, L., & Cairrão, E. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142218 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
A Mini-Review on Limitations Associated with UV Filters
Abou-Dahech, M., Boddu, S. H., Bachu, R. D., Babu, R. J., Shahwan, M., Al-Tabakha, M., & Tiwari, A. (2022) · Arabian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104212 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ebert, K. E., Griem, P., Weiß, T., Brüning, T., Hayen, H., Koch, H. M., & Bury, D. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107637 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kuroda, C., Tsuchida, T., Tsunoda, C., Minamide, M., Hiroshige, R., & Goto, S. (2025) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04108 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Jaskulak, M., Cinkusz, M., Franchuk, K., & Zorena, K. (2025) · Current Environmental Health Reports · doi:10.1007/s40572-025-00492-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zakari-Jiya, A., Frazzoli, C., Amadi, C. N., Babatunde, B. B., Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, K. C., & Orisakwe, O. E. (2022) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2022.103914 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chiu, K., Racz, R., Burkhart, K., Florian, J. A., Ford, K. A., Garcia, M. I., Geiger, R. M., Howard, K. E., Hyland, P. L., Ismaiel, O. A., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1109541 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationKwon, B., Jo, A.-R., Lee, I., Lee, G., Park, Y. J., Lee, J. P., Park, N.-Y., Kho, Y., Kim, S., Ji, K., et al. (2024) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2024.109030 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Najjar, A., Hamadeh, A., Krause, S., Schepky, A. G., & Edginton, A. N. (2024) · CPT Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology · doi:10.1002/psp4.13256 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ebert, K. E., Griem, P., Weiß, T., Brüning, T., Hayen, H., Koch, H. M., & Bury, D. (2024) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-024-03704-7 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kudłak, B., Jatkowska, N., Liu, W., Williams, M. J., Barceló, ., & Schiöth, H. B. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27103260 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chen, X., Yi, Z., Chen, G., Ma, X., Tong, Q., Tang, L., & Li, X. (2022) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112912 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sunscreens: Misconceptions and Misinformation
Tuchayi, S. M., Wang, Z., Yan, J., Garibyan, L., Bai, X., & Gilchrest, B. A. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1677 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Najjar, A., Schepky, A. G., Krueger, C.-T., Dent, M. P., Cable, S., Li, H., Grégoire, S., Roussel, L., Noel-Voisin, A., Hewitt, N. J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.802514 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Photoaging and Topical Rejuvenation
Berry, K. A., Hallock, K. K., & Lam, C. (2023) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cps.2022.12.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Ako-Adounvo, A.-M., Wang, J., Zhang, J., Willett, D. R., Yılmaz, H., Korang‐Yeboah, M., Hsu, H., Wang, J., Coelho, S. G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2020.04.009 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationRocholl, M., Weinert, P., Bielfeldt, S., Laing, S., Wilhelm, K. P., Ulrich, C., & John, S. M. (2021) · Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s12995-021-00314-2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Towards a paradigm shift in environmental health decision-making: a case study of oxybenzone
Matouskova, K., & Vandenberg, L. N. (2022) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/s12940-021-00806-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Xing, J., Yuan, D., Xie, H., Wang, N., Liu, H., Yang, L., Xu, Y., & Liu, Z. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.0c20862 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Giannini, C. M., Huang, B., Chandler, D. W., Fassler, C. S., Schwartz, R. C., Biro, F. M., & Pinney, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Health Research · doi:10.1080/09603123.2021.1947990 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Németh, Z., Pirger, Z., Fodor, I., Óvári, M., & Komáromy, A. (2023) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114621 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dispelling myths about sunscreen
Bennett, S. L., & Khachemoune, A. (2020) · Journal of Dermatological Treatment · doi:10.1080/09546634.2020.1789047 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The new kids on the block: Emerging obesogens
Chamorro-García, R., & Veiga‐Lopez, A. (2021) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2021.05.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Photoaging and Topical Rejuvenation
Berry, K. A., Hallock, K. K., & Lam, C. (2022) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2022.03.003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hamadeh, A., Nash, J. F., Bialk, H., Styczynski, P. B., Troutman, J. A., & Edginton, A. N. (2023) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2023.09.017 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Yang, F., Yuan, T., Ao, J.-J., Gao, L., Shen, Z.-M., Zhou, J., Wang, B., & Pan, X. (2024) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116800 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Norman, K. G., Kaufman, L. E., D’Ruiz, C. D., Loretz, L., Kowcz, A., Cohen, S. M., Scialli, A. R., Boobis, A. R., Jacobson‐Kram, D., Schoeny, R. S., et al. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408444.2025.2535394 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Determination of urinary metabolites of the UV filter homosalate by online-SPE-LC-MS/MS
Ebert, K. E., Belov, V. N., Weiß, T., Brüning, T., Hayen, H., Koch, H. M., & Bury, D. (2021) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2021.338754 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Galicka, A., & Sutkowska-Skolimowska, J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222111451 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Impacto de los filtros ultravioleta en el entorno natural
Couselo‐Rodríguez, C., González-Esteban, P. C., Montes, M. P. D., & Flórez, Á. (2022) · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · doi:10.1016/j.ad.2022.03.010 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Matouskova, K., Bugos, J., Schneider, S. S., & Vandenberg, L. N. (2022) · Frontiers in Toxicology · doi:10.3389/ftox.2022.910230 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Rioux, B., Combes, J., Woolley, J. M., Rodrigues, N. D. N., Mention, M. M., Stavros, V. G., & Allais, F. (2022) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2022.886367 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Characterization of Chemical Exposome in A Paired Human Preconception Pilot Study
Marchiandi, J., Dagnino, S., Zander‐Fox, D., Green, M. P., & Clarke, B. O. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c04356 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Ako-Adounvo, A.-M., Wang, J., Coelho, S. G., Adah, S. A., Matta, M. K., Strauss, D. G., Michele, T. M., Wang, J., Faustino, P. J., et al. (2022) · AAPS PharmSciTech · doi:10.1208/s12249-022-02275-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationde Troya-Martín, M., Rodríguez-Martínez, A., Rivas-Ruiz, F., Subert, A., Arellano-Mendoza, M., Calzavara-Pinton, P., de Gálvez, M. V., Gilaberte, Y., Goh, C., Lim, H. W., et al. (2025) · Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine · doi:10.1111/phpp.70001 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chu, C. C., Hasan, Z. A. A., Tan, C. P., & Nyam, K. L. (2022) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105431 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Nutritional Dermatology: Optimizing Dietary Choices for Skin Health
Assaf, S., & Kelly, O. J. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17010060 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Peinado, F. M., Pérez-Cantero, A., Olivas-Martínez, A., Espín-Moreno, L., de Haro, T., Boada, L. D., Rodríguez‐Carrillo, A., Govarts, E., Pedraza‐Díaz, S., Esteban, M., et al. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121912 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chu, C. C., Tan, C. P., Hasan, Z. A. A., & Nyam, K. L. (2022) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115164 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Labille, J., Catalano, R., Slomberg, D. L., Motellier, S., Pinsino, A., Hennebert, P., Santaella, C., & Bartolomei, V. (2020) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.597861 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rosenthal, D. S., Kuo, L., Seagrave, S. L., Soni, V., Islam, N., Minsky, G., Dussan-Cuellar, L., Ell, B. J., Simbulan-Rosenthal, C. M., & Sýkora, P. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14030630 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
In vitro study of the UV-filter homosalate effects on rat and human thyroid cells
Coperchini, F., Greco, A., Teliti, M., Denegri, M., Croce, L., Calì, B., Gallo, M., Arpa, G., Chytiris, S., Magri, F., et al. (2024) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125063 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Mode of action approach supports a lack of carcinogenic potential of six organic UV filters
Cohen, S., Boobis, A. R., Jacobson-Kram, D., Schoeny, R., Rosol, T., Williams, G. M., Kaminski, N. E., Eichenbaum, G., Guengerich, F., & Nash, J. F. (2025) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408444.2025.2462642 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Carrao, A. M., Coleman, J. C., & Kumari, H. (2021) · Environmental Advances · doi:10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100110 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Non-invasive skin sampling detects systemically administered drugs in humans
Panitchpakdi, M. W., Weldon, K. C., Jarmusch, A. K., Gentry, E. C., Choi, A., Sepulveda, Y. J., Aguirre, S., Sun, K., Momper, J. D., Dorrestein, P. C., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271794 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Next-Generation Zinc Oxide–Based Sunscreens: Molecular Characteristics and Advantages
Bai, X., Yan, J., & Gilchrest, B. A. (2023) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2023.07.020 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sunscreens: potential hazards to environmental and human health
Thomas, T., Fat, M. N., & Kearns, G. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1471574 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jo, A.-R., Kwon, B., Lee, I., Min, J., Choi, S., Park, N.-Y., Kho, Y., Park, J., Kim, H.-H., & Choi, K. (2024) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117527 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bioadhesive liquid crystal systems for octyl methoxycinnamate skin delivery
do Prado, A. H., Duarte, J. L., Filippo, L. D. D., Victorelli, F. D., Fantini, M. C. D. A., Peccinini, R. G., & Chorilli, M. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117450 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Chang, K.-Y., Yang, C., Chou, H.-Y., Chen, K., & Huang, Y. (2022) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105511 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Matta, M. K., Florian, J., Zusterzeel, R., Pilli, N. R., Patel, V., Volpe, D. A., Yang, Y., Oh, L., Bashaw, E., Zineh, I., Sanabria, C., Kemp, S., Godfrey, A., Adah, S., Coelho, S., Wang, J., Furlong, L.-A., Ganley, C., Michele, T., & Strauss, D. G.
- Affiliations
- United States Food and Drug Administration (US)
- Spaulding Clinical Research (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strauss, David G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2020-01-21
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 256
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC6990686
- OpenAlex
- W3002374204
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 26.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Contact Dermatitis and Allergies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Keywords
- sunscreen active ingredients, systemic absorption, plasma concentration, pharmacokinetics, avobenzone, benzophenone-3, octocrylene, homosalate, octinoxate, sunscreen formulation, photoprotection, skin cancer prevention, sunscreen safety
- MeSH terms
- Acrylates, Adult, Benzophenones, Cinnamates, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Propiophenones, Salicylates, Skin Absorption, Sunscreening Agents
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
