The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of Daily Step Count and Step Intensity With Mortality Among US Adults
Open accessAbstract
Importance: It is unclear whether the number of steps per day and the intensity of stepping are associated with lower mortality. Objective: Describe the dose-response relationship between step count and intensity and mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants: Representative sample of US adults aged at least 40 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who wore an accelerometer for up to 7 days ( from 2003-2006). Mortality was ascertained through December 2015. Exposures: Accelerometer-measured number of steps per day and 3 step intensity measures (extended bout cadence, peak 30-minute cadence, and peak 1-minute cadence [steps/min]). Accelerometer data were based on measurements obtained during a 7-day period at baseline. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs), mortality rates, and 95% CIs were estimated using cubic splines and quartile classifications adjusting for age; sex; race/ethnicity; education; diet; smoking status; body mass index; self-reported health; mobility limitations; and diagnoses of diabetes, stroke, heart disease, heart failure, cancer, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Results: A total of 4840 participants (mean age, 56.8 years; 2435 [54%] women; 1732 [36%] individuals with obesity) wore accelerometers for a mean of 5.7 days for a mean of 14.4 hours per day. The mean number of steps per day was 9124. There were 1165 deaths over a mean 10.1 years of follow-up, including 406 CVD and 283 cancer deaths. The unadjusted incidence density for all-cause mortality was 76.7 per 1000 person-years (419 deaths) for the 655 individuals who took less than 4000 steps per day; 21.4 per 1000 person-years (488 deaths) for the 1727 individuals who took 4000 to 7999 steps per day; 6.9 per 1000 person-years (176 deaths) for the 1539 individuals who took 8000 to 11 999 steps per day; and 4.8 per 1000 person-years (82 deaths) for the 919 individuals who took at least 12 000 steps per day. Compared with taking 4000 steps per day, taking 8000 steps per day was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality (HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.44-0.55]), as was taking 12 000 steps per day (HR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.28-0.45]). Unadjusted incidence density for all-cause mortality by peak 30 cadence was 32.9 per 1000 person-years (406 deaths) for the 1080 individuals who took 18.5 to 56.0 steps per minute; 12.6 per 1000 person-years (207 deaths) for the 1153 individuals who took 56.1 to 69.2 steps per minute; 6.8 per 1000 person-years (124 deaths) for the 1074 individuals who took 69.3 to 82.8 steps per minute; and 5.3 per 1000 person-years (108 deaths) for the 1037 individuals who took 82.9 to 149.5 steps per minute. Greater step intensity was not significantly associated with lower mortality after adjustment for total steps per day (eg, highest vs lowest quartile of peak 30 cadence: HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.65-1.27]; P value for trend = .34). Conclusions and Relevance: Based on a representative sample of US adults, a greater number of daily steps was significantly associated with lower all-cause mortality. There was no significant association between step intensity and mortality after adjusting for total steps per day.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“with an increase of only 500 steps/day associated with 2 -9% decreased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality rates (105 -107).”
From Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) (2022) · cites this paper as [107]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Prior studies consistently show that taking fewer steps per day1–6 is associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease.”
From Association of step counts over time with the risk of chronic disease in the All of Us Research Program (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Second, prior studies have focused on a relatively targeted set of outcomes limited to mortality, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.”
From Association of step counts over time with the risk of chronic disease in the All of Us Research Program (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Physical activity is a key determinant of healthy aging, mitigating physiological decline, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, and preserving functional independence [84,85].”
From The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome's Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine-Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento (2025) · cites this paper as [84]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, no information is reported about activity levels between the baseline period and when outcomes are assessed at follow-up, often many years later.”
From Association of step counts over time with the risk of chronic disease in the All of Us Research Program (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“First, prior studies assessed physical activity either by self-reported questionnaires or by having participants wear a research-grade device for a brief monitoring period (most often 7 days)1–4.”
From Association of step counts over time with the risk of chronic disease in the All of Us Research Program (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study, which quantified steps over a 7-day monitoring period and assessed mortality over an average of 10.1 years, found a 51% lower mortality at 8,000 steps per day compared with 4,000 steps per day1.”
From Association of step counts over time with the risk of chronic disease in the All of Us Research Program (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“beneficial effects can be observed with minimum step counts ranging from 4,000 to 12,000 steps per day [[62], [63], [64], [65]]”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Epidemiological studies examining the relationship between daily step counts and health outcomes have produced varied evidence, indicating that beneficial effects can be observed with minimum step counts ranging from 4,000 to 12,000 steps per day [[62], [63], [64], [65]].”
From Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR) (2025) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Even an additional 500 steps a day may decrease cardiovascular and all-cause mortality by 2-9%.”
From The Impact of Physical Activity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [65]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
‘Small Changes' to Diet and Physical Activity Behaviors for Weight Management
Hills, A. P., Byrne, N. M., Lindstrom, R. C., & Hill, J. O. (2013) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000345030 · Cited by 9,526
Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer
TROIANO, R. P., BERRIGAN, D., DODD, K. W., MÂSSE, L. C., TILERT, T., & MCDOWELL, M. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3 · Cited by 7,638
Self-citationGait speed and survival in older adults.
Studenski, S. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1923 · Cited by 4,558
Dose‐response analyses using restricted cubic spline functions in public health research
Desquilbet, L., & Mariotti, F. (2010) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3841 · Cited by 2,016
Higgins (2002) · doi:10.1002/(issn)1097-0258 · Cited by 1,248
Physical Activity Is the Strongest Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Patients With COPD
Waschki, B., Kirsten, A., Holz, O., Müller, K.-C., Meyer, T., Watz, H., & MAGNUSSEN, H. (2011) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.10-2521 · Cited by 977
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 612
Association of Step Volume and Intensity With All-Cause Mortality in Older Women
Lee, I.-M., Shiroma, E. J., Kamada, M., Bassett, D. R., Matthews, C. E., & Buring, J. E. (2019) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0899 · Cited by 604
Self-citationStep Counting: A Review of Measurement Considerations and Health-Related Applications
Bassett, D. R., Toth, L. P., LaMunion, S. R., & Crouter, S. E. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0663-1 · Cited by 460
Self-citationLobelo, F., Rohm Young, D., Sallis, R., Garber, M. D., Billinger, S. A., Duperly, J., Hutber, A., Pate, R. R., Thomas, R. J., Widlansky, M. E., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000559 · Cited by 402
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- SAS Institute, 2013, SAS/STAT 13.1 User’s Guide: Volume 62, 5172
- 2018, 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Davies, M. J., Aroda, V. R., Collins, B. S., Gabbay, R. A., Green, J., Maruthur, N. M., Rosas, S. E., Del Prato, S., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci22-0034 · Cited by 2,104
Davies, M. J., Aroda, V. R., Collins, B. S., Gabbay, R. A., Green, J., Maruthur, N. M., Rosas, S. E., Del Prato, S., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., et al. (2022) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-022-05787-2 · Cited by 1,048
Worldwide Effect of COVID-19 on Physical Activity: A Descriptive Study
Tison, G. H., Avram, R., Kuhar, P., Abreau, S. A., Marcus, G. M., Pletcher, M. J., & Olgin, J. E. (2020) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m20-2665 · Cited by 806
“Daily step count, a proxy for physical activity, has been associated with all-cause mortality (3).”
BackgroundHall, G., Laddu, D., Phillips, S. A., Lavie, C. J., & Arena, R. A. (2020) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.005 · Cited by 804
“Leading health and wellness journalists have also been stressing the importance of continuing tomove during COVID-19,(29) noting recent research that taking as little as 4000 steps per day at any pace, which you can do around your house, significantly improves long-term health.(30)”
BackgroundDaily steps and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of 15 international cohorts
Paluch, A. E., Bajpai, S., Bassett, D. R., Carnethon, M. R., Ekelund, U., Evenson, K. R., Galuska, D. A., Jefferis, B. J., Kraus, W. E., Lee, I.-M., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00302-9 · Cited by 582
Self-citationMartínez‐Ferrán, M., de la Guía-Galipienso, F., Sanchis‐Gomar, F., & Pareja-Galeano, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12061549 · Cited by 396
“between step intensity and mortality after adjusting for the total number of steps per day [45].”
BackgroundYamada, M., Kimura, Y., Ishiyama, D., Otobe, Y., Suzuki, M., Koyama, S., Kikuchi, T., Kusumi, H., & Arai, H. (2020) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1424-2 · Cited by 374
Bushnell, C., Kernan, W. N., Sharrief, A. Z., Chaturvedi, S., Cole, J. W., Cornwell, W. K., Cosby-Gaither, C., Doyle, S., Goldstein, L. B., Lennon, O. C., et al. (2024) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000475 · Cited by 443
Brown, T. M., Pack, Q. R., Aberegg, E., Brewer, L. C., Ford, Y. R., Forman, D. E., Gathright, E. C., Khadanga, S., Ozemek, C., & Thomas, R. J. (2024) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001289 · Cited by 376
del Pozo Cruz, B., Ahmadi, M. N., Lee, I.-M., & Stamatakis, E. (2022) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.4000 · Cited by 265
“We performed 3 sensitivity analyses: (1) models censoring participants when the event of interest was observed within the first 2 years of follow-up; (2) a model with further adjustment for body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) where accelerometry-based sleep time…”
MethodBaobeid, A., Koç, M., & Al‐Ghamdi, S. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Built Environment · doi:10.3389/fbuil.2021.721218 · Cited by 279
Izquierdo, M., de Souto Barreto, P., Arai, H., Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Cadore, E. L., Cesari, M., Chen, L.-K., Coen, P. M., Courneya, K. S., Duque, G., et al. (2025) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100401 · Cited by 273
Wang, Y., Nie, J., Ferrari, G., Rey-Lopez, J. P., & Rezende, L. F. M. (2021) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6331 · Cited by 229
The association between daily step count and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis
Banach, M., Lewek, J., Surma, S., Penson, P. E., Sahebkar, A., Martin, S. S., Bajraktari, G., Henein, M. Y., Reiner, Ž., Bielecka-Dabrowa, A. M., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad229 · Cited by 264
Master, H., Annis, J., Huang, S., Beckman, J. A., Ratsimbazafy, F., Marginean, K., Carroll, R., Natarajan, K., Harrell, F. E., Roden, D. M., et al. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02012-w · Cited by 220
del Pozo Cruz, B., Ahmadi, M., Naismith, S. L., & Stamatakis, E. (2022) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2672 · Cited by 184
Sañudo, B., Fennell, C., & Sánchez-Oliver, A. J. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12155890 · Cited by 189
“, > 8 h/day) or screen time (3–4 h/day) are associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, regardless of the levels of physical activity [9], and the deaths attributed to these unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are exponentially increasing in adults [10,11].”
BackgroundVigorous physical activity, incident heart disease, and cancer: how little is enough?
Ahmadi, M. N., Clare, P. J., Katzmarzyk, P. T., del Pozo Cruz, B., Lee, I. M., & Stamatakis, E. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac572 · Cited by 175
Paluch, A. E., Gabriel, K. P., Fulton, J. E., Lewis, C. E., Schreiner, P. J., Sternfeld, B., Sidney, S., Siddique, J., Whitaker, K. M., & Carnethon, M. R. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24516 · Cited by 175
Self-citationPhysical activity volume, intensity, and incident cardiovascular disease
Dempsey, P. C., Rowlands, A. V., Strain, T., Zaccardi, F., Dawkins, N. P., Razieh, C., Davies, M. J., Khunti, K., Edwardson, C. L., Wijndaele, K., et al. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac613 · Cited by 191
Migueles, J. H., Aadland, E., Andersen, L. B., Brønd, J. C., CHASTIN, S. F. M., Hansen, B. H., Konstabel, K., Kvalheim, O. M., McGregor, D., Rowlands, A. V., et al. (2021) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-103604 · Cited by 155
dos Santos, M., Ferrari, G., Lee, D. H., Rey-López, J. P., Aune, D., Liao, B., Huang, W., Nie, J., Wang, Y., Giovannucci, E. L., et al. (2022) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.2488 · Cited by 149
Daily steps and health outcomes in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
Ding, D., Nguyen, B., Nau, T., Luo, M., Cruz, B. D. P., Dempsey, P. C., Munn, Z., Jefferis, B. J. M. H., Sherrington, C., Calleja, E. A., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(25)00164-1 · Cited by 156
Relationship of Daily Step Counts to All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events
Stens, N. A., Bakker, E. A., Mañas, A., Buffart, L. M., Ortega, F. B., Lee, D.-C., Thompson, P. D., Thijssen, D. H. J., & Eijsvogels, T. M. H. (2023) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2023.07.029 · Cited by 148
Foundations of Lifestyle Medicine and its Evolution
Lippman, D., Stump, M., Veazey, E., Guimarães, S. T., Rosenfeld, R. M., Kelly, J. H., Ornish, D. M., & Katz, D. L. (2024) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.11.004 · Cited by 162
“36 This points to the power of lifestyle.”
BackgroundJohnston, W., Júdice, P. B., Molina‐García, P., Mühlen, J. M., Skovgaard, E. L., Stang, J. S., Schumann, M., Cheng, S., Bloch, W., Brønd, J. C., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-103147 · Cited by 132
Smart Wearables for Cardiac Monitoring—Real-World Use beyond Atrial Fibrillation
Duncker, D., Ding, W. Y., Etheridge, S. P., Noseworthy, P. A., Veltmann, C., Yao, X., Bunch, T. J., & Gupta, D. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21072539 · Cited by 138
“Recently, a number of studies assessed the relationship between health outcomes and data collected from wearable devices, such as step count, sleep duration and sleep variability [130–132].”
BackgroundStamatakis, E., Huang, B.-H., Maher, C., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Stathi, A., Dempsey, P. C., Johnson, N., Holtermann, A., Chau, J. Y., Sherrington, C., et al. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01368-8 · Cited by 113
US Population-referenced Percentiles for Wrist-Worn Accelerometer-derived Activity
Belcher, B. R., Wolff‐Hughes, D. L., Dooley, E. E., STAUDENMAYER, J. W., Berrigan, D. A., Eberhardt, M. S., & Troiano, R. P. (2021) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002726 · Cited by 119
“Metrics derived from these devices are associated with health outcomes such as all-cause mortality (3,4), certain types of cancers (5), obesity (6,7), and”
BackgroundSelf-citationHortobágyi, T., Větrovský, T., Balbim, G. M., Silva, N. C. B. S., Manca, A., Deriu, F., Kolmos, M., Kruuse, C. R., Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L., Radak, Z. O., et al. (2022) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2022.101698 · Cited by 132
Prospective Association of Daily Steps With Cardiovascular Disease: A Harmonized Meta-Analysis
Paluch, A. E., Bajpai, S., Ballin, M., Bassett, D. R., Buford, T. W., Carnethon, M. R., Chernofsky, A., Dooley, E. E., Ekelund, U., Evenson, K. R., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.122.061288 · Cited by 124
“10, 32 However, this finding is converse to a previous meta-analysis of self-reported walking which demonstrated walking pace was a stronger independent predictor of CVD risk compared with walking volume.”
Self-citationBu, F., Bone, J. K., Mitchell, J. J., Steptoe, A., & Fancourt, D. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97065-1 · Cited by 114
Browne, R. A. V., Macêdo, G. A. D., Cabral, L. L. P., Oliveira, G. T. A., Vivas, A., Fontes, E. B., Elsangedy, H. M., & Costa, E. C. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.111121 · Cited by 109
Performance Status in Cancer: Not Broken, But Time for an Upgrade?
Scott, J. M., Stene, G. B., Edvardsen, E., & Jones, L. W. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.20.00721 · Cited by 101
Assessment of Physical Activity in Adults Using Wrist Accelerometers
Liu, F., Wanigatunga, A. A., & Schrack, J. A. (2021) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxab004 · Cited by 110
Effectiveness of physical activity monitors in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis
Larsen, R. T., Wagner, V., Korfitsen, C. B., Keller, C., Juhl, C. B., Langberg, H., & Christensen, J. (2022) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-068047 · Cited by 98
Edriss, S., Romagnoli, C., Caprioli, L., Zanela, A., Panichi, E., Campoli, F., Padua, E., Annino, G., & Bonaiuto, V. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14031012 · Cited by 94
Jayedi, A., Gohari, A., & Shab‐Bidar, S. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01536-4 · Cited by 90
“Three studies had follow-up durations of < 5 years [28–30], one had a follow-up duration of 9 years [16], and three other studies continued for 10 years [17, 27, 31].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMechanoepigenetic regulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis via Yap and Taz
Jones, D. L., Hallstrom, G., Jiang, X., Locke, R. C., Evans, M., Bonnevie, E., Srikumar, A., Leahy, T. P., Nijsure, M. P., Boerckel, J., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1073/pnas.2211947120 · Cited by 75
“For example, tendons, a dense collagenous connective tissue whose function is to transmit tensile forces from muscle to bone, are subject to thousands of loading cycles each day as a consequence of muscle contraction during activities of daily living (2).”
BackgroundLee, E. Y., Cha, S.-A., Yun, J.-S., Lim, S.-Y., Lee, J.-H., Ahn, Y.-B., Yoon, K.-H., Hyun, M. K., & Ko, S.-H. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/37430 · Cited by 83
“Furthermore, in terms of the prevention of diabetic complications such as cardiovascular disease, PA cannot be overemphasized [40-42].”
Association of Daily Step Patterns With Mortality in US Adults
Inoue, K., Tsugawa, Y., Mayeda, E. R., & Ritz, B. R. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.5174 · Cited by 80
Rowlands, A., Davies, M., Dempsey, P., Edwardson, C., Razieh, C., & Yates, T. (2021) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102293 · Cited by 74
Sheng, M., Yang, J., Bao, M., Chen, T., Cai, R., Zhang, N., Chen, H., Liu, M., Wu, X., Zhang, B., et al. (2021) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.09.004 · Cited by 84
Ramakrishnan, R., He, J., Ponsonby, A., Woodward, M., Rahimi, K., Blair, S. N., & Dwyer, T. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106356 · Cited by 82
Lee, D. H., Rezende, L. F. M., Ferrari, G., Aune, D., Keum, N., Tabung, F. K., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2021) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00707-3 · Cited by 83
Digital Health Applications in Oncology: An Opportunity to Seize
Parikh, R. B., Basen-Enquist, K. M., Bradley, C. J., Estrin, D. L., Levy, M. A., Lichtenfeld, J. L., Malin, B., McGraw, D., Meropol, N. J., Oyer, R. A., et al. (2022) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djac108 · Cited by 81
Patel, M. S., Small, D. S., Harrison, J. D., Hilbert, V., Fortunato, M. P., Oon, A. L., Rareshide, C. A. L., & Volpp, K. G. M. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10255 · Cited by 76
Worldwide physical activity trends since COVID-19 onset
Tison, G. H., Barrios, J. P., Avram, R., Kuhar, P., Bostjancic, B., Marcus, G. M., Pletcher, M. J., & Olgin, J. E. (2022) · The Lancet Global Health · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00361-8 · Cited by 67
Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Bennell, K. L., White, D. K., Wei, J., Wu, Z., He, H., Liu, S., Luo, X., Hu, S., et al. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/21632 · Cited by 64
“to be an important predictor of mortality independent of step intensity [6].”
BackgroundInfluentialMaetzler, W., Rochester, L., Bhidayasiri, R., Espay, A. J., Sánchez‐Ferro, Á., & van Uem, J. M. T. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28377 · Cited by 61
Bays, H. E., Bindlish, S., & Clayton, T. L. (2023) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100056 · Cited by 66
“It is unclear that step intensity is associated with mortality after adjusting for total steps per day [131]. mediates cellular energy homeostasis [76].”
BackgroundBarriers in translating preclinical rodent exercise metabolism findings to human health
Fuller, K. N. Z., & Thyfault, J. P. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00683.2020 · Cited by 63
Viceconti, M., Penna, S. H., Dartee, W., Mazzà, C., Caulfield, B., Becker, C., Maetzler, W., García‐Aymerich, J., Davico, G., & Rochester, L. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20205920 · Cited by 57
Patel, M. S., Bachireddy, C., Small, D. S., Harrison, J. D., Harrington, T. O., Oon, A. L., Rareshide, C. A. L., Snider, C. K., & Volpp, K. G. M. (2021) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.3176 · Cited by 56
Antunes, P., Joaquim, A. V., Sampaio, F., Nunes, C., Ascensão, A. A. M. R., Vilela, E., Teixeira, M., Capela, A., Amarelo, A. L., Marques, C., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad063 · Cited by 56
Drugs for Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Quest for the Holy Grail
Sharma, M., Premkumar, M., Kulkarni, A. V., Kumar, P., Reddy, D. N., & Rao, N. P. (2020) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology · doi:10.14218/jcth.2020.00055 · Cited by 54
“[28] Saint-Maurice PF, Troiano RP, Bassett DR Jr, Graubard BI, Carlson SA,”
BackgroundBiomarkers of aging: from molecules and surrogates to physiology and function
Furrer, R., & Handschin, C. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00045.2024 · Cited by 68
Mañas, A., Cruz, B. D. P., Ekelund, U., Losa‐Reyna, J., Rodríguez‐Gómez, I., Carnicero, J. A. C., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., García‐García, F. J., & Ara, I. (2021) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.05.004 · Cited by 56
“Confounding variables Covariates were selected based on the literature and the biological plausibility for confounding the main associations of interest.(9,11,19) Participants self-reported their age and sex.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHusu, P., Tokola, K., Vähä‐Ypyä, H., Sievänen, H. T., Suni, J. H., Heinonen, O. J., Heiskanen, J., Kaikkonen, K., Savonen, K. P., Kokko, S. P., et al. (2021) · Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour · doi:10.1123/jmpb.2020-0056 · Cited by 64
“So far, only a few population-based studies have utilized the 24-hr approach to analyze PA, SB, and sleep/TIB (Cabanas-Husu Sánchez et al., 2020; Doherty et al., 2017; Koolhaas et al., 2017; Niemelä et al., 2019; Ramires et al., 2017; Schram et al., 2014; Wennman et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMethodHansen, B. H., Dalene, K. E., Ekelund, U., Fagerland, M. W., Kolle, E., Steene‐Johannessen, J., Tarp, J., & Anderssen, S. A. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13726 · Cited by 55
“CVDc,†† 113 (21) 56 (10) 39 (7) 41 (8) 249 (11)”
Balducci, S., Haxhi, J., Sacchetti, M., Orlando, G., Cardelli, P., Vitale, M., Mattia, L., Iacobini, C., Bollanti, L., Conti, F., et al. (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-1505 · Cited by 50
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems and Their Use in Obesity Treatment
Li, Z., Fang, X., & Yu, D. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222312754 · Cited by 53
Pérez, A. D. L. C., Román, P. Á. L., Jiménez, M. M., Zurita, M. L., Laredo‐Aguilera, J. A., MONTILLA, J. A. P., & Linares, J. C. C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031593 · Cited by 53
“[7] concluded that the total number of steps per day can be more important for promoting health than step intensity.”
BackgroundGerman, C. A., Baum, S. J., Ferdinand, K. C., Gulati, M., Polonsky, T. S., Toth, P. P., & Shapiro, M. D. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100432 · Cited by 55
“Recent data suggests that the optimal number of steps per day varies by age, race/ethnicity, and sex, while stepping rate (or cadence) may not have a strong association with mortality beyond the total number of steps [109,110].”
BackgroundFanaroff, A. C., Patel, M. S., Chokshi, N. P., Coratti, S., Farraday, D., Norton, L. A., Rareshide, C. A. L., Zhu, J., Klaiman, T. A., Szymczak, J. E., et al. (2024) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.124.069531 · Cited by 57
Time- vs Step-Based Physical Activity Metrics for Health
Hamaya, R., Shiroma, E. J., Moore, C. C., Buring, J. E., Evenson, K. R., & Lee, I.-M. M. (2024) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.0892 · Cited by 49
Self-citationShreves, A. H., Small, S. R., Walmsley, R., Chan, S., Saint‐Maurice, P. F., Moore, S. C., Papier, K., Gaitskell, K. L., Travis, R. C., Matthews, C. E., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-109360 · Cited by 53
Self-citationAlteration of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in young adults
Huber, B. C., Steffen, J., Schlichtiger, J., Graupe, T., Deuster, E., Strouvelle, V. P., Fischer, M., Maßberg, S., & Brunner, S. (2020) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02591-7 · Cited by 48
Exploration of Confounding Due to Poor Health in an Accelerometer–Mortality Study
Matthews, C. E., Troiano, R. P., Salerno, E. A., Berrigan, D. A., Patel, S., Shiroma, E. J., & Saint‐Maurice, P. F. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002405 · Cited by 46
“This result increases confidence that the MVPA–mortality associations observed in this report and others (2,6,8,23,25) are not likely to be solely due to confounding by health status.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe immune-modulatory effects of exercise should be favorably harnessed against COVID-19
Codella, R., Chirico, A., Lucidi, F., Ferrulli, A., Torre, A. L., & Luzi, L. (2020) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01403-5 · Cited by 47
Au, W. W., Recchia, F., Fong, D., Wong, S. H., Chan, D. K. C., Capio, C. M., Yu, C. C.-W., Wong, S. W. S., Sit, C. H. P., Ip, P., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/s2589-7500(24)00139-0 · Cited by 75
de Arenas‐Arroyo, S. N., Cavero‐Redondo, I., Álvarez‐Bueno, C., Sequí‐Domínguez, I., Reina‐Gutiérrez, S., & Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13903 · Cited by 43
Physical activity and exercise health benefits: cancer prevention, interception, and survival
Albini, A., Vecchia, C. L., Magnoni, F., Garrone, O., Morelli, D., Janssens, J. P., Maskens, A. P., Rennert, G., Galimberti, V. E., & Corso, G. (2024) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/cej.0000000000000898 · Cited by 47
Brown, T. M., Pack, Q. R., Beregg, E. A., Brewer, L. C., Ford, Y. R., Forman, D. E., Gathright, E. C., Khadanga, S., Ozemek, C., & Thomas, R. J. (2024) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000930 · Cited by 49
“118 In a large meta-analysis of 226 889 patients, a 1000-step increment was associated with a 15% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.85: 95% CI, 0.81-0.91; P < .001).”
InfluentialZhang, Y.-W., Cao, M.-M., Li, Y.-J., Dai, G., Lu, P., Zhang, M., Bai, L.-Y., Chen, X.-X., Shi, L., Zhang, C., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-022-1748-1 · Cited by 38
“Moreover, the blood and urine samples are collected by trained staffs for further laboratory tests (19).”
BackgroundFarooq, A., Chamari, K., Sayegh, S., Akoum, M. E., & Al-Mohannadi, A. S. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11961-9 · Cited by 41
Watts, E. L., Saint‐Maurice, P. F., Doherty, A., Fensom, G. K., Freeman, J. R., Gorzelitz, J., Jin, D., McClain, K. M., Papier, K., Patel, S., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.56186 · Cited by 42
Self-citationAmagasa, S., Fukushima, N., Kikuchi, H., Oka, K., CHASTIN, S. F. M., Tudor-Locke, C. E., Owen, N. G., & Inoue, S. (2020) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20200080 · Cited by 40
“Original Article J Epidemiol 2021;31(5):350-355”
Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Benefits of Physical Activity and Exercise
Mi, M., Perry, A., Krishnan, V., & Nayor, M. G. (2025) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.125.325526 · Cited by 58
Anti-Obesity Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Progress and Challenges
Ashour, M. M., Mabrouk, M., Aboelnasr, M. A., Beherei, H. H., Tohamy, K. M., & Das, D. B. (2023) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15112635 · Cited by 42
Zhang, S., & Ni, W.-Y. (2023) · Immunity Inflammation and Disease · doi:10.1002/iid3.992 · Cited by 37
“Nevertheless, despite this, whole data collection process of NHANES is dependable and trusted, and has been verified by several previous researches.(45,46) Third, due to the different living habits and environments of individuals in different countries and ethnic groups, this study only includes the samples from the N…”
MethodGolbus, J. R., GOSCH, K. L., Birmingham, M. C., Butler, J., Lingvay, I., Lanfear, D. E., Abbate, A., Kosiborod, M., Damaraju, C. V., Januzzi, J. L., et al. (2023) · JACC Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2023.05.033 · Cited by 41
“Can Do, Do Do” Quadrants and 6-Year All-Cause Mortality in Patients With COPD
Vaes, A. W., Spruit, M. A., Koolen, N., Antons, J. C., de Man, M., Djamin, R. S., van Hees, H. W. H., & Hul, A. J. V. ‘. (2022) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1016/j.chest.2021.12.657 · Cited by 37
Grega, M. L., Shalz, J. T., Rosenfeld, R. M., Bidwell, J. H., Bonnet, J. P., Bowman, D., Brown, M. L., Dwivedi, M. E., Ezinwa, N. M., Kelly, J. H., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276231202970 · Cited by 41
“27 28 – 30 Unfortunately, despite robust scienti fi c evidence that bene fi cial lifestyle choices can prolong the lifespan and health span, relatively few adults are engaged in health-promoting behaviors.”
BackgroundSmith, J. A. B., Savikj, M., Sethi, P., Platt, S., Gabriel, B. M., Hawley, J. A., Dunstan, D. W., Krook, A., Zierath, J. R., & Näslund, E. B. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00599.2020 · Cited by 38
“METHODS Sixteen sedentary individuals (10 women/6 men; median [IQR] age 50 [44-53] 29 years, BMI 32 [32-35.”
BackgroundCuthbertson, C. C., Moore, C. C., Sotres‐Alvarez, D., HEISS, G. M., Isasi, C. R., Mossavar‐Rahmani, Y., Carlson, J., Gallo, L. C., Llabre, M. M., Garcia‐Bedoya, O., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01284-2 · Cited by 38
Yao, J., Lim, N., Tan, J., Müller, A. M., van Dam, R. M., Chen, C., Tan, C. S., & Müller‐Riemenschneider, F. (2022) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.022508 · Cited by 35
Feng, Z., Tong, W. K., Zhang, X., & Tang, Z. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04999-z · Cited by 38
“The NHANES is a cross-sectional survey that utilizes a complex, multistage, stratified, clustered probability design [33].”
MethodRomagna, E. C., Lopes, K. G., Mattos, D. M. F., Farinatti, P., & Kraemer‐Aguiar, L. G. (2021) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-020-05184-x · Cited by 36
Asif, I. M., Thornton, J. S., Carek, S. M., Miles, C. M., Nayak, M., Novak, M. A., Stovak, M. L., Zaremski, J. L., & Drezner, J. A. (2022) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104819 · Cited by 34
Tao, J., Zheng, H., Ho, H. C., Wang, X., Hossain, M. Z., Bai, Z., Wang, N., Su, H., Xu, Z., & Cheng, J. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160026 · Cited by 34
Nakagata, T., Murakami, H., Kawakami, R., Julien Tripette, A., Nakae, S., Yamada, Y., Ishikawa‐Takata, K., Tanaka, S., & Miyachi, M. (2022) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.08.004 · Cited by 33
Watanabe, D., Yoshida, T., Watanabe, Y., Yamada, Y., Miyachi, M., & Kimura, M. (2023) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003133 · Cited by 33
Felker, G. M., Sharma, A., Mentz, R. J., She, L., Green, C. L., Granger, B. B., Heitner, J. F., Cooper, L. B., Teuteberg, J. J., Grodin, J. L., et al. (2022) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.07.048 · Cited by 31
Work as a Social Determinant of Health: A Necessary Foundation for Occupational Health and Safety
Wipfli, B., Wild, S., Richardson, D. M., & Hammer, L. B. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002370 · Cited by 32
Development and large-scale validation of the Watch Walk wrist-worn digital gait biomarkers
Chan, L. L. Y., Choi, T. C. M., Lord, S. R., & Brodie, M. A. D. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-20327-z · Cited by 32
Stork, M., Marcotte‐Chénard, A., Jung, M. E., & Little, J. P. (2023) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2023-0128 · Cited by 37
Master, H., Neogi, T., Callahan, L. F., Nelson, A. E., LaValley, M. P., Cleveland, R. J., Golightly, Y. M., Thoma, L. M., Zhang, Y., Voinier, D., et al. (2020) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2020.08.009 · Cited by 33
Master, H., Pennings, J. S., Coronado, R. A., Bley, J. A., Robinette, P. E., Haug, C. M., Skolasky, R. L., Riley, L. H., Neuman, B. J., Cheng, J. S., et al. (2021) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2021.06.002 · Cited by 32
Amount, Type, and Timing of Domain-Specific Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Among US Adults
Saint‐Maurice, P. F., Berrigan, D. A., Whitfield, G. P., Watson, K. B., Patel, S., Loftfield, E., Sampson, J. N., Fulton, J. E., & Matthews, C. E. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2021-0174 · Cited by 33
“37 Consistent with previous studies, we found that household chores or gardening are common moderate to vigorous activities among US adults.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Saint-Maurice, P. F., Troiano, R. P., Bassett, D. R., Graubard, B. I., Carlson, S. A., Shiroma, E. J., Fulton, J. E., & Matthews, C. E.
- Affiliations
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville (US)
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2020-03-24
- Volume
- 323
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1151
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC7093766
- OpenAlex
- W3012745165
- Cited by
- 660
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 102 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 57
- FWCI
- 56.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- daily step count, physical activity, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, dose-response relationship, accelerometer-measured activity, cadence, older adults, obesity, sedentary behavior, physical activity guidelines, mortality risk reduction, NHANES
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Gait, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Nutrition Surveys, United States, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Walking, Accelerometry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
