Cited by 1,498Healthcare Systems and ChallengesInfection Control and VentilationInfection Control in Healthcare

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Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic

Adams, James G., Walls, Ron M.·2020·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.3972

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Abstract

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of protecting health care workers caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and measures that can be taken in and out of the hospital to prevent their and their families' exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

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Crossref · 10.1001/jama.2020.3972

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Del Rio, COVID-19—new insights on a rapidly changing epidemic., JAMA
Bai, Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19., JAMA
Radonovich, 2019, N95 respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: a randomized clinical trial., JAMA, 322, 824, 10.1001/jama.2019.11645 · DOI · Paper page
Ong, Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient., JAMA
JAMA Network. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert

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Background
Considerations for Home-Based Treatment of Fabry Disease in Poland during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Nowicki, M., Bazan-Socha, S., Kłopotowski, M., Błażejewska-Hyżorek, B., Kusztal, M., Pawlaczyk, K., Sławek, J., Oko, A., & Oko-Sarnowska, Z. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168242 · Cited by 7
“Telemedicine, including both video and telephone communications, is emerging as an important tool for maintaining outpatient care while limiting direct patient contact [29].”
Background
Dark Clouds With Silver Linings: Resident Anxieties About COVID-19 Coupled With Program Innovations and Increased Resident Well-Being.
Wietlisbach, L. E., Asch, D., Eriksen, W., Barg, F., Bellini, L., Desai, S., Yakubu, A.-R., & Shea, J. (2021) · Journal of Graduate Medical Education · doi:10.4300/jgme-d-20-01497.1 · Cited by 7
Effectiveness of Psycho-Educational Program to Alleviate Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Pessimism and Provide Optimism for COVID-19 Isolation Nurses
El-Azzab, S., & El-Nady, M. T. (2021) · Egyptian Journal of Health Care · doi:10.21608/ejhc.2021.173651 · Cited by 8
“In this respect, (Dall’Ora et al., 2019; Adams & Walls, 2020) clarified that, whereas at work, pay attention to your requirements for safe working, drinks, food and regular breaks.”
Background
Assessment of the Preparedness and Planning of Academic Emergency Departments in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicentric Survey
Gopinathan, V., Kunju, S. A., S, V. K., Sirur, F., & Balakrishnan, J. M. (2021) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2021.73 · Cited by 7
“(12) Through this study, we aim to understand the preparedness and response of various EDs in the country during COVID-19 pandemic,”
Background
Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of healthcare professionals working in COVID-19 designated clinical areas in India
Sharma, K. K., Kaur, R., Srinivasan, M., Sarkar, S., Mani, K., Sharma, Y., & Gupta, S. (2021) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210835 · Cited by 9
Interpreting COVID-19 Test Results in Clinical Settings: It Depends!
Piltch-Loeb, R. N., Jeong, K. Y., Lin, K. W., Kraemer, J., & Stoto, M. (2021) · Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2021.s1.200413 · Cited by 7
“Clinician behavior might also vary based on the ability to test or the test result.(7) For instance,”
Observance of patients’ rights by physicians and nurses from the COVID-19 patients’ perspective
Kamali, M., & Mousavi, S. (2020) · Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine · doi:10.18502/jmehm.v13i33.5315 · Cited by 7
“Under the psychological stress of an illness, personal and social resources are known as influential factors that can positively or negatively affect treatment results (16, 17).”
Background
The Dental Team: An Additional Resource for Delivering Vaccinations
Serban, S., Mustufvi, Z., Kang, J., Simon, S. E., Grant, S., & Douglas, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.606242 · Cited by 7
“Thousands of clinical and non-clinical staff have been redeployed from their usual workplace into new settings to support the pandemic response (7).”
Background
Changes in Policy and Endoscopic Procedures during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Outbreak: A Single Center Experience
Lahat, A., & Benjamin, A. (2020) · Clinical Endoscopy · doi:10.5946/ce.2020.132 · Cited by 7
“Since the recognition of the problem, many recommendations and guidelines were published in order to minimize healthcare risks of infection and enhance the protection of healthcare workers.(18-26) Specific attention was given to high-risk procedures, in which the operating personnel are exposed to the patients’ aeroso…”
Background
Explaining the experiences, challenges and adaptation strategies of nurses in caring for patients with COVID-19: A qualitative study in IranPreprint
Irandoost, S. F., Lebni, J. Y., Safari, H., Khoram, F., Ahmadi, S., Soofizad, G., & Azar, F. E. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-100575/v1 · Cited by 7
“While rest, adequate nutrition, and understanding the basic needs of health care workers, observing health protocols, and using protective equipment are effective in staff’s health [36].”
Background
Viral Diagnostics and Preventive Techniques in the Era of COVID-19: Role of Nanoparticles
Chakraborty, D., Kumar, S., Chandrasekaran, N., & Mukherjee, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Nanotechnology · doi:10.3389/fnano.2020.588795 · Cited by 7
“Anti-viral NPs embedded onto fabrics can resolve the issue of viral contamination related to masks and PPE kits (Adams and Walls, 2020).”
Background
COVID-19 Related Deaths Among Doctors In IndiaPreprint
Kapoor, A., & Kapoor, K. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.09.28.20202796 · Cited by 7
COVID-19: Limites na implantação dos equipamentos de proteção individuais recomendados aos profissionais de saúde
Assunção, A., Simoes, M., Maia, E., Alcantara, M., & Jardim, R. (2020) · doi:10.1590/scielopreprints.1018 · Cited by 7
The effects of personal protective equipment on airway management: An in-situ simulation
Ansari, U., Mendonca, C., Danha, R., Robley, R., & Davies, T. (2020) · Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.tacc.2020.07.003 · Cited by 7
“In the midst of a pandemic, with anaesthetists well aware of the risks of contracting COVID-19, physical and mental fatigue, stress and anxiety may play a role in decreased performance [17].”
Background
Safety briefing and visual design key to protecting health care personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic
Kuhn, L., Lim, Z.-J., Flynn, D., Potter, E., & Egerton-Warburton, D. (2020) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.186 · Cited by 7
“With their being a limited, human resource, it is paramount that the safety of HCP is not compromised.(1) At our health service in Victoria, Australia, we have implemented a human factor-centric education model with the aim to maximize safety through key messages and clear communication.”
An Otolaryngologist Redeployed to a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit: Lessons Learned
Dhar, S. (2020) · Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1177/0194599820931819 · Cited by 7
Point of care procedures in physiatry: Practice considerations during the Covid-19 pandemic
Karri, J., Seymour, M. L., Verduzco-Gutierrez, M., & Jayaram, P. (2020) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/phm.0000000000001463 · Cited by 7
“Infectious Spread The Covid-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome from novel coronavirus 2, which is a respiratory virus presumed to be primarily spread via droplet contact.(8,9) Viral spread occurs via exposure of the nasopharyngeal mucosa and respiratory tract directly to microdroplets expelled durin…”
Background
Potential Barriers amongst Health Care Professionals of Pakistan in managing COVID-19 patients
Haq, M., Shafiq, F., & Sheikh, H. (2020) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2753 · Cited by 7
Surgical Practice in the Shadow of COVID-19 Outbreak.
Abdi, R., Shojaeian, R., Hajian, S., & Sheikh, S. (2020) · The Archives of Bone & Joint Surgery · doi:10.22038/abjs.2020.47757.2348 · Cited by 7
The Main Sources and Potential Effects of COVID-19-Related Discrimination
Rzymski, P., Mamzer, H., & Nowicki, M. M. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63761-3_39 · Cited by 11
COVID-19: estudo de protocolos de proteção individual para profissionais da saúde
Assunção, A., Simões, M. L., Maia, E., Alcantara, M., & Jardim, R. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional · doi:10.1590/2317-6369000042120 · Cited by 7
It Is Time to Take Complaints Seriously? An Exploratory Analysis of Communications Sent by Users to a Public Healthcare Agency before, during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Venuleo, C., Marinaci, T., Cucugliato, C., & Giausa, S. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21101299 · Cited by 6
“…resources and personnel also represent important sources of physical and mental fatigue, stress, anxiety, and burnout among health workers [39,87,88], and these components compromise the healthcare workers capacity to provide respectful and compassionate care and to assure effective…”
Background
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Surge on Surgical Outcomes: A Retrospective Study
Yoshida, T., Chude-Sokei, R., Araji, T., & Adra, S. W. (2024) · The American surgeon · doi:10.1177/00031348241227213 · Cited by 6
The effect of yoga on insomnia and quality of life among nursing professionals during COVID-19: A pre–post-test interventional study
Basavegowda, M., Umeshchandra, S. M., Duraisamy, P., Thimmulappa, R. K., Manivasagan, M. S., Mallaiah, C., Madhu, J. V., Yogeeshwaran, V. V., Vishwanath, N., Rudramuniyappa, V. K., et al. (2023) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_573_23 · Cited by 9
Spiritual well-being, stress, and life satisfaction among healthcare workers in Indonesia: a study during Covid-19 pandemic
Harlianty, R. A., Mukhlis, H., Milindasari, P., Palupi, R., Astuti, T., Junilia, E., & Madila, L. (2023) · Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/19349637.2023.2264885 · Cited by 8
“Prolonged pandemic periods can increase stress for healthcare workers, impacting the disruption of the entire healthcare system (Adams & Walls, 2020).”
Factors associated with depression among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Tian, H., Qiao, T., Teng, J., Chen, K., Ke, J., Shan, L., Li, M., Shen, C., & Han, Y. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723002271 · Cited by 9
“Transparent, concise, and thoughtful communication focused on their immediate needs is essential for effective support (Adams & Walls, 2020).”
Background
A new method for vital sign detection using FMCW radar based on random body motion cancellation
Fu, S., Ling, M., Li, Z., & Pan, L. (2023) · Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical engineering · doi:10.1515/bmt-2023-0068 · Cited by 6
Hospices and Emergency Preparedness Planning: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Rogers, J. E. B. (2023) · Journal of Palliative Care · doi:10.1177/08258597231176410 · Cited by 6
Agile software development and software practitioners’ productivity amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review
Jnr., B. A. (2023) · Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management · doi:10.1108/jstpm-05-2022-0093 · Cited by 6
Pshychological Resilience and Percieved Stress Level in Nurses: Experience of Nurses in Turkey
Çuhadar, D., Bahar, A., Bağlama, S. S., Koçak, H., & Özkaya, M. (2023) · Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness · doi:10.1017/dmp.2022.294 · Cited by 6
Paramedics’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the use of personal protective equipment against COVID-19
Gangaram, P., Pillay, Y., & Alinier, G. (2022) · Qatar medical journal · doi:10.5339/qmj.2022.50 · Cited by 6
“People may inhale the droplets or touch the contaminated surfaces and then touch their eyes, nose or mouth, inadvertently contributing to the spread of the virus,(12) which is most contagious in the first three days after the presentation of symptoms.(12)”
Background
Management of Femur Fractures during COVID-19 Pandemic Period: The Influence of Vaccination and Nosocomial COVID-19 Infection
Faggiani, M., Risitano, S., Aprato, A., Conforti, L., & Massè, A. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11226605 · Cited by 6
“Guidelines (16 March 2020) issued by the Italian Society of Orthopedic and Traumatology (SIOT) indicated that orthopedic and traumatological surgery cannot be suspended and must be reorganized instead [3,4].”
Background
When uncertainty becomes the norm: The Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital’s Speech Therapy and Audiology Department’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Balton, S., Vallabhjee, A. L., & Pillay, S. C. (2022) · South African Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.4102/sajcd.v69i2.913 · Cited by 7
“Discussions were held within the department on how to keep in touch with family and friends and how to minimise cross-infection to family members (Adams & Walls, 2020).”
Background
Being a health care professional in the ICU serving patients with covid-19: A qualitative study
Ozan, E., & Durgu, N. (2022) · Heart & lung : the journal of critical care · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.07.011 · Cited by 6
Lived experience of health-care providers during COVID-19: A meta-synthesis
Chandy, P., Kanthi, E., Pradeep, P., Sathianathan, P., Jebakamal, S., Narchaithi, M., & Anbarasi, S. (2022) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_1403_20 · Cited by 6
“[43] Many health-care workers were pooled out from other departments for COVID-19 duty.”
A framework for participatory work environment interventions in home care – success factors and some challenges
Persson, J., Johansson, G., Arvidsson, I., Östlund, B., Holgersson, C., Persson, R., & Rydenfält, C. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07710-2 · Cited by 6
Perceived Psychological Feelings Make Important Contributions to the Symptoms of Common Mental Disorders of Medical Staff During the COVID-19
Han, B., Ma, C., Liu, Z.-R., Jiang, R., Zhang, T.-T., Wang, Y., Chen, H., Wen, J., & Huang, Y.-Q. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.738610 · Cited by 6
“The above findings confirm that the urgent demand ofmedical staff with psychological problems are the alleviation from job stress and having enough rest (34, 35).”
Background
Mental Health of Health Care Workers at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran During COVID-19 Pandemic
Rouhbakhsh, A., Arbabi, M., Nejatisafa, A., Sharafi, S. E., Etesam, F., Shahmansouri, N., Amiri, F., Badrfam, R., & Noorbala, A. (2022) · Journal of Iranian medical council · doi:10.18502/jimc.v4i4.8468 · Cited by 6

Authors: Adams, J. G., & Walls, R. M.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Adams, James G.
ORCID: Adams, James G.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2020-04-21
Volume: 323
Issue: 15
Pages: 1439
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.3972
OpenAlex: W3010574983
Cited by: 1,498
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 265 · 2021: 420 · 2020: 526
FWCI: 353.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Challenges
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, healthcare workers, occupational exposure, infection control, personal protective equipment, family exposure
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, Workforce, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Pandemics

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Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic

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