Cited by 1,498Healthcare Systems and ChallengesInfection Control and VentilationInfection Control in Healthcare

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Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic

Adams, James G., Walls, Ron M.·2020·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.3972

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Abstract

This Viewpoint discusses the importance of protecting health care workers caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and measures that can be taken in and out of the hospital to prevent their and their families' exposure to SARS-CoV-2.

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Crossref · 10.1001/jama.2020.3972

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

Del Rio, COVID-19—new insights on a rapidly changing epidemic., JAMA
Bai, Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19., JAMA
Radonovich, 2019, N95 respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: a randomized clinical trial., JAMA, 322, 824, 10.1001/jama.2019.11645 · DOI · Paper page
Ong, Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient., JAMA
JAMA Network. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/pages/coronavirus-alert

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“Information technology is crucial for combating the COVID-19 pandemic [7,8].”
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de la Rosette, J., Laguna, P., Álvarez-Maestro, M., Eto, M., Mochtar, C., Albayrak, S., Mendoza-Valdés, A., Ong, T., Khadgi, S., Al-Terki, A., et al. (2020) · International journal of urology · doi:10.1111/iju.14340 · Cited by 3
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“This is necessary to protect the healthcare worker and their families(13) in addition to reducing onward transmission into the community.(4) 12 Our findings from the “first wave” in Scotland shows that healthcare workers in patient facing roles – especially those in “front-door” roles – are along with their households…”
The Implication of Textile Materials Applied in Preventing the Spread of COVID-19
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Professional Obligations of Clinicians and Institutions in Pediatric Care Settings during a Public Health Crisis: A Review
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“Such support may include regular breaks for communications during work shifts, maintenance of benefits for dependents, access to trained counselors and support staff; providing for and supporting debriefing sessions and other opportunities to discuss experiences with peers and colleagues, independent of professional s…”
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Covid-19 pandemic and Nepal
Atreya, A., & Nepal, B. (2020) · Medico-Legal Journal · doi:10.1177/0025817220923690 · Cited by 5
“People who live and work or are detained inside restricted communities (including prisons) need to be considered as they are at a high risk of becoming infected with Covid-19 during this pandemic.(1) In Italy, the spread of Covid-19 has provoked numerous riots within the prisons and local detention centres, and there…”
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The risk of the ‘prison-emptying’ effect in Italy due to the Covid-19 pandemic
Malta, G., Zerbo, S., & Argo, A. (2020) · Medico-Legal Journal · doi:10.1177/0025817220923697 · Cited by 3
“People who live and work or are detained inside restricted communities (including prisons) need to be considered as they are at a high risk of becoming infected with Covid-19 during this pandemic.(1) In Italy, the spread of Covid-19 has provoked numerous riots within the prisons and local detention centres, and there…”
Background
TheEditor’s Desk: Burnout
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“Leading industry journals have already made recommendations regarding frequent, transparent, and thoughtful communications; supportive conversations; clear guidance when recommendations exist; efforts to minimize misinformation; decompression time; rest breaks; and efforts to reduce anxiety.(19) Front-line workers als…”
Background
Response to and Recovery from the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Will It Take?
Morganstein, J., West, J. C., Schimmels, J., & Benedek, D. (2020) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2020.1750928 · Cited by 3
Evidence of organizational support in hospitals in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: scoping review
Tito, R. S., Baptista, P. C. P., Lourenção, D. C. D. A., Rached, C. D. A., de Melo, J. P. T., da Silva, E. J., & Zogheib, C. M. T. (2024) · Revista gaúcha de enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1983-1447.2024.20240008.en
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Salutogenesis and the Mental Health of First Responders
Antonovsky, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_50 · Cited by 6
Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Workers in Morocco: Results of a Cross Sectional Survey .
Oneib, B., & Hasnaoui, M. (2021) · Journal of Medical and Surgical Research · doi:10.46327/msrjg.1.000000000000190 · Cited by 3
Public Financing and Management for a Sustainable Healthcare Sector: Some Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic
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Galindo, N., Sá, G. G. D. M., Pereira, J. D. C. N., Barbosa, L. U., Henriques, A. H. B., & Barros, L. M. (2021) · Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200167 · Cited by 3
“According to a study conducted in the United States regarding the importance of supporting health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, the provision of adequate food, rest, and time off can be as important as the provision of protocols and PPE because, as time passes, work-related difficulties and burnout increase(16…”
Background
Forecasting the impact of Kazakhstan population growth on healthcare doctors demand
Koichubekov, B., Begaidarova, R., Omarbekova, N., Mukhanova, M., Abdikadirova, K., Kharin, A., & Omarkulov, B. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13638-0 · Cited by 2
“For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, inadequate planning led to serious staffing problems in intensive care units [9].”
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Trump, B. D., Keenan, J. M., & Linkov, I. (2025) · Journal of Risk Research · doi:10.1080/13669877.2025.2569437 · Cited by 2
“PPE shortages, stemming from vulnerable global supply chains unpre-pared for pandemic-scale demand (Ranney, Griffeth, and Jha 2020), endangered healthcare workers (Guglielmi 2020), exacerbating staffing issues and imposing severe psychological tolls (Adams and Walls 2020; Gupta et al. 2021).”
Diminishing returns: how treatment delays undermine the mortality benefits of high-quality stroke care
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An adaptive simulation intervention decreases emergency physician physiologic stress while caring for patients during COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial
Evans, L. V., Bonz, J. W., Buck, S., Gerwin, J. N., Bonner, S., Ikejiani, S., Moylan, T., Joseph, M., Almeida, G. D. O., Ray, J. M., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0331488 · Cited by 2
The Unseen Challenges: A Qualitative and Multicentre Study Exploring the Experiences of Palliative Care Professionals During COVID-19 Crisis
Rezende, G., dos Santos, G. M. X., Gomes-Ferraz, C. A., Bacon, I., & De-Carlo, M. M. R. D. P. (2025) · Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing · doi:10.1177/00469580251384540 · Cited by 2
Components of psychological health as determinants of psychological distress and well-being at work of frontline health professionals during pandemic
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Kesemen, C., & Polat, Ü. (2025) · Critical Care Nursing Quarterly · doi:10.1097/cnq.0000000000000554 · Cited by 2
Relationship between organizational commitment, working environment, and burnout in clinical nurses
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“[12] Burnout is a mental condition caused by chronic emotional or psychological stress.”
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“COVID-19 is notorious for its rapid transmission from person to person, with the added concern that asymptomatic individuals can also transmit the virus to others [6].”
Background
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Analisis Persepsi Masyarakat Pesisir terhadap Sampah Plastik saat Pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Tembokrejo, Kecamatan Muncar
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Lived experiences of nurses working in the clinical setting during Covid-19, in Ekurhuleni, Gauteng Province, South Africa
Nyandeni, S., Mulaudzi, F. M., & Anokwuru, R. (2023) · International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100653 · Cited by 2
Evolving Roles of Public Health Nurses in the Age of Pandemics: A Rapid Review
Sharkiya, S. H. (2023) · Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery · doi:10.25159/2520-5293/14054 · Cited by 2
Counseling and support services for healthcare workers in German university hospitals during the pandemic—descriptive results of a Germany-wide cross-sectional survey
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“These difficulties can increase the stress of people working in the healthcare system (5).”
Background
Analysis of the work quality and productivity during the COVID-19 pandemic
SANTOS, C. J. D. M., Sant’Anna, Â. M. O., & Paim, J. N. (2023) · Production · doi:10.1590/0103-6513.20220071 · Cited by 6
Providing Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of Formal Caregivers in Long-Term Care Facilities in Chile.
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Implications of the pandemic for the construction of nurses’ identity based on the journalistic media
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Intergovernmental Coordination in Handling COVID-19 in Indonesia: Identifying Pivotal Issues
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“Second, they focused on management readiness, integrity, and ethics in dealing with the pandemic (Abdullah, 2020; Adams & Walls, 2020; Bastani et al., 2020; Dolamore & Whitebread, 2022; Gardiner et al., 2022; Neal et al., 2021).”
Background
Experiences Of Nurses Attended Covid-19 Pandemic Patients During 2020, In Public Tertiary Care Hospitals
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Maternal expression of miR-let-7d-3p and miR-451a during gestation influences the neuropsychomotor development of 90 days old babies: "Pregnancy care, healthy baby" study
Nedel, F., Ferrúa, C. P., Amaral, C. C. D., Corrêa, G. P., Silveira, R. G., Trettim, J. P., da Cunha, G. K., Klug, A. B., Ardais, A. P., Fogaça, T. B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.021 · Cited by 2
“The economic assessment of participants was done through the ABEP classification, with levels being categorized in the following manner: A + B (high levels), C (average levels) and D + E (low levels) (www.abep.org) (Adams and Walls, 2020).”
Method
The stress response of intensive care unit medical doctors facing repeated severe emergencies
Ciuffini, R., Marrelli, A., Leuter, C., Stratta, P., Paladini, A., Ciccozzi, A., Marsili, I., Marinangeli, F., & Piroli, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895954 · Cited by 2
“The various stressors, associated with the type of work situations, can be a source of concern and can give rise to significant consequences that often impact on the professional’s family life, with less job satisfaction, anxiety, depression, insomnia, alcohol or drug abuse, and a tendency to make more mistakes (Kusha…”
Background

Authors: Adams, J. G., & Walls, R. M.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Adams, James G.
ORCID: Adams, James G.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2020-04-21
Volume: 323
Issue: 15
Pages: 1439
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.3972
OpenAlex: W3010574983
Cited by: 1,498
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 265 · 2021: 420 · 2020: 526
FWCI: 353.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare Systems and Challenges
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, healthcare workers, occupational exposure, infection control, personal protective equipment, family exposure
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, Workforce, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel, Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional, Coronavirus Infections, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Pandemics

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Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic

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