Cited by 2,835Peripheral Artery Disease ManagementDiabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and ManagementVascular Procedures and Complications

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Peripheral Arterial Disease Detection, Awareness, and Treatment in Primary Care

Hirsch, Alan T.·2001·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.286.11.1317

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Abstract

Context Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis that is common and is associated with an increased risk of death and ischemic events, yet may be underdiagnosed in primary care practice. Objective To assess the feasibility of detecting PAD in primary care clinics, patient and physician awareness of PAD, and intensity of risk factor treatment and use of antiplatelet therapies in primary care clinics. Design and setting The PAD Awareness, Risk, and Treatment: New Resources for Survival (PARTNERS) program, a multicenter, cross-sectional study conducted at 27 sites in 25 cities and 350 primary care practices throughout the United States in June-October 1999. Patients A total of 6979 patients aged 70 years or older or aged 50 through 69 years with history of cigarette smoking or diabetes were evaluated by history and by measurement of the ankle-brachial index (ABI). PAD was considered present if the ABI was 0.90 or less, if it was documented in the medical record, or if there was a history of limb revascularization. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was defined as a history of atherosclerotic coronary, cerebral, or abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease. Main outcome measures Frequency of detection of PAD; physician and patient awareness of PAD diagnosis; treatment intensity in PAD patients compared with treatment of other forms of CVD and with patients without clinical evidence of atherosclerosis. Results PAD was detected in 1865 patients (29%); 82…

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“…and lipid parameters should be prioritized due to substantial LDL-C exposure burden (SEV >50%), with structured programs such as diabetes-lipid integrated care recommended for implementation (35); For low SDI regions, high blood pressure management constitutes the primary focus (dominant SEV: 35.78”
Influential
Primary Care Providers Describe Barriers and Facilitators to Amputation Prevention in Oklahoma
Milton, A., Thomas, D., Wilson, F., Lesselroth, B. J., Homco, J., Nsa, W., Nelson, P. R., & Kempe, K. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14196817 · Cited by 2
Artificial Intelligence-Based ABI Dynamic Fluctuation Patterns Predict Adverse Vascular Events in PAD: A Multicenter Prospective Study.
Ma, Z., Feng, T., Zhang, R., Gu, J., Hui, T., Zhai, Z.-Y., & Liu, X. (2025) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2025.09.009 · Cited by 2
Disease-specific knowledge among veterans with peripheral artery disease
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Short‐ and long‐term risk stratification in acutely ill medical patients by implementing ankle‐brachial index and pulse wave velocity in the emergency setting
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“18,19 Regarding underlying peripheral arterial disease, it has been shown that cardiovascular risk is increased in asymptomatic as well as in symptomatic patients.”
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“29 - 31 Several techniques can be used to detect ischemia of the lower limb, including ankle-brachial index assessment, Doppler, and angiography.”
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“Nearly 40% of patients diagnosed with CAD concurrently have PAD [1], while approximately 50% of those diagnosed with PAD also have CAD [2].”
Background
Simultaneous 18-FDG PET and MR imaging in lower extremity arterial disease
Koppara, T., Dregely, I., Nekolla, S. G., Nährig, J., Langwieser, N., Bradaric, C., Ganter, C., Laugwitz, K., Schwaiger, M., & Ibrahim, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1352696 · Cited by 2
“Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is a common yet under-diagnosed manifestation of atherosclerosis associated with signi ﬁ cant morbidity (3).”
Background
Comparison of Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Limb Salvage Reconstructive Surgery Based on Estimated Prevalence of Preexisting Peripheral Arterial Disease
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Footcare and peripheral arterial disease.
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“Approximately 10–20% of PAD patients have intermittent claudication, another 50% have atypical leg symptoms, and those without exertional leg pain have poor mobility and a three-fold increase in mortality risk and major cardiovascular events [2,3].”
Background
Discrete Event Simulation Model for Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Screening for Asymptomatic Patients with Lower Extremity Arterial Disease
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“[37] states that physicians who use only reported IC for detection of LEAD are unlikely to diagnose 85–90% of LEAD patients.”
Background
Efficacy and Safety of Vorapaxar by Intensity of Background Lipid‐Lowering Therapy in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the TRA2P‐TIMI 50 Trial
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“”(20-22) Participants were asked to score the following 10 questions of the SUS questionnaire: (1) I think that I would like to use this system frequently; (2) I found the system unnecessarily complex; (3) I thought the system was easy to use; (4) I think that I would need the support of a technical person to be able…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Editorial commentary: Premature peripheral arterial disease: A consequence of accelerated vascular aging due to less than ideal cardiovascular health?
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Variations in the management of claudication in a tertiary care center.
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Mehta, A., Mavromatis, K., Ko, Y.-A., Rogers, S., Dhindsa, D., Goodwin, C., Patel, R. K., Martini, M. A., Prasad, M., Mokhtari, A., et al. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.105975 · Cited by 2
“IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering 1974; 19(6): 716–723.”
Background

Authors: Hirsch, A. T.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author: Hirsch, Alan T.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2001-09-19
Volume: 286
Issue: 11
Pages: 1317
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.11.1317
OpenAlex: W2140136269
Cited by: 2,835
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 59 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 127 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 147 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 135 · 2015: 122 · 2014: 160 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 166
FWCI: 62.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k07hl003435-05)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1-K07-HL03435-01)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Peripheral Artery Disease Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Vascular Procedures and Complications
Keywords: peripheral arterial disease, ankle-brachial index, underdiagnosis, patient awareness, physician awareness, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, antiplatelet therapy, smoking cessation, diabetes mellitus, intermittent claudication, primary care, older adults, limb revascularization, cardiovascular risk stratification, diabetes self-management education
MeSH terms: Aged, Arteriosclerosis, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Practice, Female, Humans, Intermittent Claudication, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Risk Factors, Ultrasonography, Doppler

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Peripheral Arterial Disease Detection, Awareness, and Treatment in Primary Care

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