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Effect of Exercise on Total and Intra-abdominal Body Fat in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: The increasing prevalence of obesity is a major public health concern. Physical activity may promote weight and body fat loss. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of exercise on total and intra-abdominal body fat overall and by level of exercise. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial conducted from 1997 to 2001. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 173 sedentary, overweight (body mass index > or =24.0 and >33% body fat), postmenopausal women aged 50 to 75 years who were living in the Seattle, Wash, area. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention consisting of exercise facility and home-based moderate-intensity exercise (n = 87) or a stretching control group (n = 86). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Changes in body weight and waist and hip circumferences at 3 and 12 months; total body, intra-abdominal, and subcutaneous abdominal fat at 12 months. RESULTS: Twelve-month data were available for 168 women. Women in the exercise group participated in moderate-intensity sports/recreational activity for a mean (SD) of 3.5 (1.2) d/wk for 176 (91) min/wk. Walking was the most frequently reported activity. Exercisers showed statistically significant differences from controls in baseline to 12-month changes in body weight (-1.4 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.5 to -0.3 kg), total body fat (-1.0%; 95% CI, -1.6% to -0.4%), intra-abdominal fat (-8.6 g/cm2; 95% CI, -17.8 to 0.9 g/cm2), and subcutaneous abdominal fat (-28.8 g/cm2); 95% CI, -47.5 to -10.0 g/cm2). A significant dose response for greater body fat loss was observed with increasing duration of exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Regular exercise such as brisk walking results in reduced body weight and body fat among overweight and obese postmenopausal women.
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“Likewise, a greater percentage loss in VAT percentage than in body weight occurred after 12 months in a moderate-intensity exercise intervention study of sedentary, overweight, postmenopausal women. VAT loss was exercise dose-dependent (253).”
From Lack of Exercise Is a Major Cause of Chronic Diseases (2012) · cites this paper as [253]
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ResultNeuropeptide Y mediates the short-term hypometabolic effect of estrogen deficiency in mice
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Lifestyle Management in the Metabolic Syndrome
Hu, G., Lakka, T. A., Lakka, H., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2006) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2006.4.270 · Cited by 15
Tworoger, S. S., Yasui, Y., Chang, L., Stanczyk, F. Z., & McTiernan, A. (2004) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.1257.13.7 · Cited by 15
“The design of the study is described in detail elsewhere (7-9).”
MethodSelf-citationde Roon, M., van Gemert, W. A., Peeters, P. H. M., Schuit, A. J., & Monninkhof, E. M. (2016) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.12.006 · Cited by 14
Griffin, L. Y. (2003) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/00004623-200309000-00043 · Cited by 14
Keller, C. S., Records, K., Coe, K., Ainsworth, B. E., López, S. V., Williams, A. N., & Permana, P. A. (2012) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/fch.0b013e31824650a6 · Cited by 14
Garcia, M. B., Schadler, K., Chandra, J., Clinton, S. K., Courneya, K. S., Cruz‐Monserrate, Z., Daniel, C. R., Dannenberg, A. J., Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Dewhirst, M. W., et al. (2023) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21773 · Cited by 12
Self-citationEvaluation of Intervention Research in Weight Reduction in Post Menopausal Women
Zadjali, M. A. A. A., Keller, C. S., Larkey, L., & Albertini, L. (2010) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2010.08.010 · Cited by 13
“Another study examined the difference between facility and home-based moderate-intensity exercise and stretching.(12)”
BackgroundTherkelsen, K. E., Pedley, A., Rosenquist, K. J., Hoffmann, U., Massaro, J. M., Murabito, J. M., & Fox, C. S. (2015) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21337 · Cited by 13
“In the context of current literature Previous studies have found that weight loss is associated with greater loss of VAT than SAT volume in both men and women (n 5 48–168) (6,14,20-23), whereas our study found similar results in men but a greater loss of SAT than VAT volumes in weight loss in women.”
ResultPakseresht, M., Mead, E. L., Gittelsohn, J., Roache, C., & Sharma, S. (2010) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-277x.2010.01101.x · Cited by 13
“Several intervention trials have reported the beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention programmes on reducing risk of chronic disease amongst high-risk populations (Muto & Yamauchi, 2001; Nilsson et al., 2001; Whelton et al., 2002; Duncan et al., 2003; Irwin et al., 2003; Mattila et al., 2003).”
BackgroundZimny, M., Starczewska, M., Szkup, M., Karakiewicz-Krawczyk, K., Grochans, E., & Sipak‐Szmigiel, O. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124349 · Cited by 14
“Similarly, longitudinal studies have suggested a relevant relationship between obesity, especially the visceral type, and an increased risk of developing atrial hypertension, arteriosclerosis and coronary artery disease [34,35].”
BackgroundBrouwer, B. G., van der Graaf, Y., Soedamah‐Muthu, S. S., Wassink, A. M. J., & Visseren, F. L. J. (2010) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.12.001 · Cited by 12
Kang, H.-J., Lee, Y. S., Park, D.-S., & Kang, D.-H. (2011) · Soft Computing · doi:10.1007/s00500-011-0724-1 · Cited by 12
“Resistance training is used to increase muscle mass and thus, increase the basic metabolic rate (Irwin et al. 2003; Manning et al. 1991).”
BackgroundFatigue and therapeutic exercise
Miller, R. G. (2006) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.11.012 · Cited by 12
The Long-Term Effects of Stand-up Paddle Boarding: A Case Study
Schram, B. L. (2017) · International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine · doi:10.23937/2469-5718/1510065 · Cited by 11
[Lack of influence of body mass on blood pressure reduction after exercising].
Bündchen, D., Panigas, C. F., Dipp, T., Panigas, T. F., Richter, C. M., Belli, K., & Viecili, P. R. (2010) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2010005000030 · Cited by 3
Rundle, A., Hagins, M., Orjuela, M. A., Mooney, L. A., Kim, M., & Perera, F. (2007) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-007-9212-4 · Cited by 11
Frequency of Exercise for Body Fat Loss: A Controlled, Cohort Study
Willis, F. B., Smith, F. M., & Willis, A. P. (2009) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b8d4e8 · Cited by 11
“The National Institute of Health estimates that 65% of Americans are ‘‘overweight’’ or ‘‘obese,’’ and therefore over 190 million Americans live with the second most dangerous risk factor for disease (1,2,5,7,15,16,22,29,30).”
BackgroundResultPhysical Activity and Weight Control
Jakicic, J. M., Otto, A. D., Polzien, K. M., & Davis, K. K. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183009.003.0012 · Cited by 11
EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION FOR THE MENOPAUSAL YEARS
Perez, K. S., & Garber, C. E. (2011) · ACSMʼs Health & Fitness Journal · doi:10.1249/fit.0b013e3182160f2f · Cited by 11
Physical activity and mammographic density in an Asian multi-ethnic cohort
Soh, W. H., Rajaram, N., Mariapun, S., Eriksson, M., Fadzli, F., Ho, W.-K., Taib, N. A. M., Hall, P. N., & Teo, S. (2018) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-018-1064-6 · Cited by 10
Changes in Obesity Prevalence Among Women Aged 50 Years and Older
Zablotsky, D. L., & Mack, K. A. (2004) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027503258922 · Cited by 10
“If older obese and overweight women can be motivated to engage in regular exercise, they can reduce their body weight and body fat (Irwin et al. 2003).”
BackgroundLatino, F., Cataldi, S., Bonavolontá, V., Carvutto, R., Candia, M. D., & Fischetti, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.693244 · Cited by 13
Effects of Walking Speed on Total and Regional Body Fat in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
New, J. M. L., & Borer, K. T. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030627 · Cited by 9
“The benefit of a longer impulse in moderate-intensity exercise in facilitating total body fat loss was highlighted in a study [40] in which 168 overweight postmenopausal women walked briskly for a year, at a walking speed comparable to slower walking in the present study.”
BackgroundMenopause and Exercise: Linking Pathophysiology to Effects
Atapattu, P. M., Fern, D., Wasalathanthri, S., & de Silva, A. (2015) · Archives of Medicine · Cited by 9
Exercise and the Elderly: A Scientific Rationale for Exercise Prescription
Mernitz, H., & McDermott, A. Y. (2004) · DigitalCommons - CalPoly (California State Polytechnic University) · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Irwin, M. L., Yasui, Y., Ulrich, C. M., Bowen, D., Rudolph, R. E., Schwartz, R. S., Yukawa, M., Aiello, E., Potter, J. D., & McTiernan, A.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- McTiernan, Anne
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2003-01-15
- Volume
- 289
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 323
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2110141259
- Cited by
- 517
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 20.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (R01-69334)
- National Institute on Aging (AG1094)
- National Cancer Institute (T32 CA09661, T32CA009661)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR 00037, M01RR000037)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- physical activity, postmenopausal women, intra-abdominal fat, total body fat, subcutaneous abdominal fat, obesity, overweight, weight loss, moderate-intensity exercise, home-based exercise, walking, waist circumference, dose-response relationship, sedentary women
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Adipose Tissue, Aged, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity, Weight Loss, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Postmenopause
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