Effects of Work Hour Reduction on Residents’ Lives: A Systematic Review

Fletcher, Kathlyn E.; Underwood, Willie; Davis, Steven Q.; Mangrulkar, Rajesh S.; McMahon, Laurence F.; Saint, Sanjay

doi:10.1001/jama.294.9.1088

Cited by 328Hospital Admissions and OutcomesHealthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Effects of Work Hour Reduction on Residents’ Lives: A Systematic Review

Fletcher, Kathlyn E., Underwood, Willie, Davis, Steven Q., Mangrulkar, Rajesh S., McMahon, Laurence F., Saint, Sanjay·2005·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.294.9.1088

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Abstract

CONTEXT: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education implemented mandatory work hour limitations in July 2003, partly out of concern for residents' well-being in the setting of sleep deprivation. These limitations are likely to also have an impact on other aspects of the lives of residents. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature regarding the effect of interventions to reduce resident work hours on residents' education and quality of life. DATA SOURCES: We searched the English-language literature about resident work hours from 1966 through April 2005 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Current Contents, supplemented with hand-search of additional journals, reference list review, and review of abstracts from national meetings. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included that assessed a system change designed to counteract the effects of resident work hours, fatigue, or sleep deprivation; included an outcome directly related to residents; and were conducted in the United States. DATA EXTRACTION: For each included study, 2 investigators independently abstracted data related to study quality, subjects, interventions, and findings using a standard data abstraction form. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fifty-four articles met inclusion criteria. The interventions used to decrease resident work hours varied but included night and day float teams, extra cross-coverage, and physician extenders. Outcomes included measures of resident education (operative experience, test scores, satisfaction) and quality of residents' lives (amount of sleep, well-being). Interventions to reduce resident work hours resulted in mixed effects on both operative experience and on perceived educational quality but generally improved residents' quality of life. Many studies had major limitations in their design or conduct. CONCLUSIONS: Past interventions suggest that residents' quality of life may improve with work hour limitations, but interpretation of the outcomes of these studies is hampered by suboptimal study design and the use of nonvalidated instruments. The long-term impact of reducing resident work hours on education remains unknown. Current and future interventions should be evaluated with more rigorous methods and should investigate links between residents' quality of life and quality of patient care.

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Carvalho Aguiar Melo, M., das Chagas Medeiros, F., Meireles Sales de Bruin, V., Pinheiro Santana, J. A., Bastos Lima, A., & De Francesco Daher, E. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743715620410 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Authors: Fletcher, K. E., Underwood, W., Davis, S. Q., Mangrulkar, R. S., McMahon, L. F., & Saint, S.
Affiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
University of Michigan (US)
University of Chicago (US)
ORCID: Fletcher, Kathlyn E.
Mangrulkar, Rajesh S.
McMahon, Laurence F.
Saint, Sanjay
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2005-09-07
Volume: 294
Issue: 9
Pages: 1088
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.294.9.1088
OpenAlex: W2105954873
Cited by: 328
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 26.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (P20HS11540)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Hospital Admissions and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: graduate medical education, sleep deprivation, fatigue, quality of life, resident education, operative experience, physician extenders, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, resident well-being
MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Fatigue, Humans, Internship and Residency, Quality of Life, Specialization, Work Schedule Tolerance, Workload, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm

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Effects of Work Hour Reduction on Residents’ Lives: A Systematic Review

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