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Cited by 247Nutritional Studies and DietAgriculture Sustainability and Environmental ImpactMuscle metabolism and nutrition

Association Between Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality

Open access
Huang, Jiaqi, Liao, Linda M., Weinstein, Stephanie J., Sinha, Rashmi, Graubard, Barry I., Albanes, Demetrius·2020·JAMA Internal Medicine
DOI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2790PMC PMC7358979
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Abstract

Importance: Although emphasis has recently been placed on the importance of high-protein diets to overall health, a comprehensive analysis of long-term cause-specific mortality in association with the intake of plant protein and animal protein has not been reported. Objective: To examine the associations between overall mortality and cause-specific mortality and plant protein intake. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study analyzed data from 416 104 men and women in the US National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study from 1995 to 2011. Data were analyzed from October 2018 through April 2020. Exposures: Validated baseline food frequency questionnaire dietary information, including intake of plant protein and animal protein. Main Outcomes and Measures: Hazard ratios and 16-year absolute risk differences for overall mortality and cause-specific mortality. Results: The final analytic cohort included 237 036 men (57%) and 179 068 women. Their overall median (SD) ages were 62.2 (5.4) years for men and 62.0 (5.4) years for women. Based on 6 009 748 person-years of observation, 77 614 deaths (18.7%; 49 297 men and 28 317 women) were analyzed. Adjusting for several important clinical and other risk factors, greater dietary plant protein intake was associated with reduced overall mortality in both sexes (hazard ratio per 1 SD was 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.97] for men and 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93-0.96] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 1 SD was -0.36% [95% CI, -0.48% to -0.25%] for men and -0.33% [95% CI, -0.48% to -0.21%] for women; hazard ratio per 10 g/1000 kcal was 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84-0.91] for men and 0.86 [95% CI, 0.82-0.90] for women; adjusted absolute risk difference per 10 g/1000 kcal was -0.95% [95% CI, -1.3% to -0.68%] for men and -0.86% [95% CI, -1.3% to -0.55%] for women; all P < .001). The association between plant protein intake and overall mortality was similar across the subgroups of smoking status, diabetes, fruit consumption, vitamin supplement use, and self-reported health status. Replacement of 3% energy from animal protein with plant protein was inversely associated with overall mortality (risk decreased 10% in both men and women) and cardiovascular disease mortality (11% lower risk in men and 12% lower risk in women). In particular, the lower overall mortality was attributable primarily to substitution of plant protein for egg protein (24% lower risk in men and 21% lower risk in women) and red meat protein (13% lower risk in men and 15% lower risk in women). Conclusions and Relevance: In this large prospective cohort, higher plant protein intake was associated with small reductions in risk of overall and cardiovascular disease mortality. Our findings provide evidence that dietary modification in choice of protein sources may influence health and longevity.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2790

Cites

50 of 50 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

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Claims the paper makes

0 of 25 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    In the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort, higher plant protein intake was associated with lower overall mortality in men after multivariable adjustment.

    “greater dietary plant protein intake was associated with reduced overall mortality in both sexes (hazard ratio per 1 SD was 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.97]for men and 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93-0.96]for women”
    • Also stated in: § Dietary Plant Protein Intake and Overall Mortality · plain
      “In men, the HRs were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94-0.97)per 1 SD and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.91)per 10 g/1000 kcal increment”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Animal protein intake was not associated with multivariable-adjusted overall mortality in men or women.

    “By contrast, animal protein intake was not associated with multivariable-adjusted mortality in men (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00;P = .18)or women (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-1.00;P = .02)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Replacing 3% of energy from animal protein with plant protein was associated with lower cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women, with 11% lower risk in men and 12% lower risk in women.

    “and cardiovascular disease mortality (11% lower risk in men and 12% lower risk in women)”
    • Also stated in: § Substitution of 3% Energy From Plant Protein for Specific Animal Protein Sources · plain
      “and CVD mortality (men: HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85-0.94;women: HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.94;P < .001)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort, higher plant protein intake was associated with lower overall mortality in women after multivariable adjustment.

    “greater dietary plant protein intake was associated with reduced overall mortality in both sexes (hazard ratio per 1 SD was 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.97]for men and 0.95 [95% CI, 0.93-0.96]for women”
    • Also stated in: § Dietary Plant Protein Intake and Overall Mortality · plain
      “Corresponding adjusted HRs in women were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.96)per 1 SD and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82-0.90)per 10 g/1000 kcal increment”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Replacing 3% of energy from animal protein with plant protein was associated with lower overall mortality in both men and women, with about 10% lower risk.

    “Replacement of 3% energy from animal protein with plant protein was inversely associated with overall mortality (risk decreased 10% in both men and women)”
    • Also stated in: § Substitution of 3% Energy From Plant Protein for Specific Animal Protein Sources · plain
      “Table 4 presents mortality data for substitution of 3% energy from plant protein for the equivalent amount of animal protein of various sources and shows a significant association with lower overall mortality (men: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.88-0.93;women: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93;all P < .001)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Not yet classified. 1
  • May combine two claims. 25
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 3
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 10

  • Not yet classified.

    Finding

    In women, higher plant protein intake was inversely associated with mortality from all cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other causes combined, with risk reductions of 7% to 12% per 1 SD and 17% to 29% per 10 g/1000 kcal.

    “and 7% to 12% per 1 SD and 17% to 29% per 10 g/1000 kcal in women (all P < .003).”
    Quote in the paperNot yet classified

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    In men, higher plant protein intake was inversely associated with mortality from all cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other causes combined, with risk reductions of 5% to 12% per 1 SD and 12% to 30% per 10 g/1000 kcal.

    “Plant protein intake was inversely associated with mortality from all CVD, stroke, and”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Plant protein intake was not significantly associated with mortality from cancer, heart disease, respiratory disease, infections, or injuries/accidents in either men or women.

    “By contrast, plant protein intake was not significantly associated with mortality from cancer, heart disease, respiratory disease, infections or injuries/accidents in either men or women (all P > .003)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Replacing 3% of energy from animal protein with plant protein was associated with lower overall mortality primarily through substitution for egg protein, with 24% lower risk in men and 21% lower risk in women.

    “the lower overall mortality was attributable primarily to substitution of plant protein for egg protein (24% lower risk in men and 21% lower risk in women)”
    • Also stated in: § Substitution of 3% Energy From Plant Protein for Specific Animal Protein Sources · hedged
      “with 15% to 39% lower risk in men and 17% to 34% lower risk in women for overall (24% lower risk in men and 21% lower risk in women)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In sensitivity analysis, substituting bread, cereal, and pasta plant protein for red meat protein was associated with lower mortality, with 12% to 30% lower risk in men and 13% to 28% lower risk in women, except infection in both sexes and injuries/accidents in women.

    “Similarly, we found 12% to 30% lower mortality in men, and 13% to 28% lower mortality in women, when substituting for red meat pro- tein (again, except for deaths from infection in men and women, and from injuries and accidents in women)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Substituting plant protein for red meat protein was associated with lower overall, cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and stroke mortality in both sexes, and lower cancer and respiratory disease mortality in women, with 11% to 21% lower risk in men and 11% to 25% lower risk in women.

    “Substitution of 3% energy from plant protein for red meat protein intake showed stronger mortality reductions of 11% to 21% in men and 11% to 25% in women for overall (13% lower risk in men and 15% lower risk in women), CVD, heart disease, and stroke mortality in both sexes, and cancer and respiratory disease mortality in women.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Replacing 3% of energy from animal protein with plant protein was associated with lower overall mortality primarily through substitution for red meat protein, with 13% lower risk in men and 15% lower risk in women.

    “and red meat protein (13% lower risk in men and 15% lower risk in women)”
    • Also stated in: § Substitution of 3% Energy From Plant Protein for Specific Animal Protein Sources · plain
      “Substitution of 3% energy from plant protein for red meat protein intake showed stronger mortality reductions of 11% to 21% in men and 11% to 25% in women for overall (13% lower risk in men and 15% lower risk in women)”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Substituting plant protein for egg protein was associated with the strongest mortality reduction across overall, cancer, cardiovascular disease, heart disease, and respiratory disease mortality, with 15% to 39% lower risk in men and 17% to 34% lower risk in women.

    “the mortality reduction appeared strongest with substitution for egg protein, with 15% to 39% lower risk in men and 17% to 34% lower risk in women for overall (24% lower risk in men and 21% lower risk in women), cancer, CVD, heart disease, and respiratory disease mortality”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S1 (asserted), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Findingnone given

    Propensity score-adjusted risk estimates were essentially unchanged from multivariable-adjusted estimates.

    “for overall mortality, propensity score-adjusted HRs were 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.97]per 1 SD for men and 0.92 [95% CI, 0.90-0.93]per 1 SD for women; both P < .001”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Significant differences in the plant protein-overall mortality association were observed by BMI and follow-up duration in both sexes, alcohol consumption in men, and age and vegetable consumption in women.

    “By contrast, significant differences were observed in subgroups of BMI and years of follow-up (in both sexes), alcohol consumption (men), and age and vegetable consumption (women) (Figure ).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingreasoning

    The inverse associations between plant protein intake and mortality were more pronounced in women younger than 60 years and in men and women with a favorable BMI.

    “Our findings of more pronounced inverse plant protein associations in women who were younger than 60 years, and in both men and women with a favorable BMI”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Substituting plant protein for dairy protein was associated with lower overall and cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women, and lower heart disease and stroke mortality in men.

    “A similar change from dairy protein to plant protein was associated with lower overall and CVD mortality in men and women, and heart disease and stroke mortality in men, with overall mortality HRs of 0.92 in both men and women (P < .001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    Stronger inverse associations were observed for BMI 18.5 to 25, follow-up less than 5 years, men consuming 3 or more alcoholic drinks daily, women younger than 60 years, and women with lower vegetable consumption.

    “We observed stronger inverse associations for those with BMI of 18.5 to 25 (men: HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.96;women: HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.95),follow-up time of less than 5 years (men: HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95;women: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.93),consumption of 3 drinks or more daily (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85-0.93)for men, and for women who were younger than 60 years of age (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In sensitivity analysis, substituting bread, cereal, and pasta plant protein for egg protein was associated with lower overall and cause-specific mortality except infection, injuries, and accidents, with risk reductions of 18% to 45% in men and 20% to 39% in women.

    “we observed lower overall and cause-specific mortality (with the exception of deaths from infection, injuries, and accidents) when exchanging bread, cereal, and pasta plant protein for egg protein, with risk reductions of 18% to 45% in men and 20% to 39% in women”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Iowa Women's Health Study found that replacing animal protein with plant protein was associated with lower coronary heart disease mortality but not with overall or cancer mortality.

    “The Iowa Women's Health Study showed that plant protein substitution for animal protein is associated with reduced coronary heart disease mortality but not with overall or cancer mortality.11”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [11] Kelemen, 2005, Associations of dietary protein with disease and mortality in a prospective study of postmenopausal women., Am J Epidemiol source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    Propensity scores reflecting the association between plant protein intake and potential confounders were generated and included in models.

    “To elucidate residual confounding status, propensity scores reflecting the association between plant protein intake and potential confounding covariables were generated and included in the models.19”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19] D’Agostino, 1998, Propensity score methods for bias reduction in the comparison of a treatment to a non-randomized control group., Stat Med source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    High-protein diets lead to weight loss and fat mass loss, possibly via negative energy balance from sustained satiety and energy expenditure.

    “Previous studies, including metaanalyses of short-term clinical trials, have shown that highprotein diets lead to weight loss and fat mass loss, possibly from the negative energy balance that results from sustained satiety and energy expenditure.[2][3][4][5]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [2][3][4][5]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    Proportional hazards were tested by including an interaction between follow-up time intervals and plant protein intake in the regression model.

    “To test for proportional hazards, we included an interaction of intervals of follow-up time as categories with plant protein intake in the regression model, and P values for the significance of the interaction were determined from likelihood ratio tests.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Taken together, this study and earlier ones point to the importance and varied effects of main dietary protein sources, with beneficial links for more plant protein in long-term health.

    “Collectively, the present and previous studies indicate the importance and diverse effects of primary dietary protein sources, including beneficial associations for higher plant protein intake in longterm health outcomes.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    Bonferroni correction was used to account for multiple comparisons and define statistical significance.

    “The Bonferroni correction threshold was used to account for multiple comparisons and define statistical significance (.05/ 18 = .0028for primary and secondary analyses [9 tests each for men and for women], and .05/21= .0024for the subgroup interaction tests).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    Multivariable models adjusted for age, BMI, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, diabetes, health status, vitamin supplement use, and dietary total energy, animal protein, fats, fiber, vegetables, and fruits.

    “Adjusted for age at entry (continuous), body mass index (<18.5,18.5 to <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35, and Ն35), alcohol consumption (none to Յ1, >1 to 3, and >3 drinks per day), smoking status”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Sensitivity analyses excluded the first 5 years of follow-up to minimize reverse causality bias.

    “To minimize the influence of potential bias from reverse causality, we also performed sensitivity analyses that excluded the first 5 years of follow-up.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Cardiovascular metrics, including blood pressure, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, and glycemic modulation, improve with protein substitution for carbohydrate.

    “In addition, cardiovascular metrics, including blood pressure, circulating lipid and lipoprotein profiles, and glycemic modulation, have shown improvement with protein substitution for carbohydrate.[4][5][6][7][8]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [4][5][6][7][8]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The analysis used a single dietary assessment at baseline, and dietary changes during follow-up were unknown.

    “Our analysis was based on a single dietary assessment at baseline, with possible unknown dietary changes during the follow-up period.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The Diet History Questionnaire's validity and reliability have been confirmed and reported.

    “Validity and reliability of the DHQ has been confirmed and reported.15”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [15] Thompson, 2008, Performance of a food-frequency questionnaire in the US NIH-AARP (National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons) Diet and Health Study., Public Health Nutr source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    A meta-analysis of 17 prospective cohorts including 150,328 deaths found that greater consumption of total red meat and processed meat was associated with excess risk of overall, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality.

    “a metaanalysis of 17 prospective cohorts that included 150 328 deaths found greater consumption of total red meat and processed meat was associated with excess risk of overall, CVD, and cancer mortality”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [38] Wang, 2016, Red and processed meat consumption and mortality: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies., Public Health Nutr source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    In this cohort, consuming more plant protein was linked to modest decreases in death from all causes and from cardiovascular disease.

    “In this large prospective cohort, higher plant protein intake was associated with small reductions in risk of overall and cardiovascular disease mortality.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Dietary plant protein has been linked to reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors, including lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, improved lipid and lipoprotein profiles, and decreased circulating insulin-like growth factor-1.

    “Dietary plant protein has been associated with reduced CVD risk factors, including lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, improved lipid and lipoprotein profiles, and decreased circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1.[20][21][22]”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [20][21][22]

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Residual confounding from unmeasured factors cannot be ruled out and may have biased the observed associations.

    “we cannot preclude the possibility of residual confounding, including from unmeasured factors, which may have biased the observed associations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study controlled for a wide range of known potential confounding factors and used a propensity score to adjust for variation between comparison groups, and the main findings remained essentially unchanged.

    “We did, however, control for a wide range of known potential confounding factors and used a propensity score to adjust for variation between comparison groups, and our main findings remained essentially unchanged.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study population's plant and animal protein intake distribution and total protein calorie percentage are similar to those of the US population.

    “approximately 40% of daily dietary protein was from plant sources and 60% was animal protein (including 19% dairy protein), which are similar to the plant and animal protein intakes of the US population.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [46] Pasiakos, 2015, Sources and amounts of animal, dairy, and plant protein intake of US adults in 2007-2010., Nutrients source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [47] Yancy, 2014, Trends in energy and macronutrient intakes by weight status over four decades., Public Health Nutr source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [48] Ford, 2013, Trends in energy intake among adults in the United States: findings from NHANES., Am J Clin Nutr source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Missing values for any single covariable were less than 5%, and missing value indicators were included in models.

    “Missing values for any single covariable were less than 5%; we included a missing value indicator for each covariable in the models.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The vast majority of study participants were non-Hispanic white, which reduces the generalizability of the findings to other racial and ethnic populations.

    “The vast majority of our study participants were non-Hispanic white, which reduces the generalizability of the findings to other racial/ethnic populations.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Increased whole grain consumption has been favorably associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors, including hypertension, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

    “increased whole grain consumption has been favorably associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors, including hypertension, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [40] Flint, 2009, Whole grains and incident hypertension in men., Am J Clin Nutr source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [41] McKeown, 2002, Whole-grain intake is favorably associated with metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study., Am J Clin Nutr source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [42] Hollænder, 2015, Whole-grain and blood lipid changes in apparently healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies., Am J Clin Nutr source

      Not checked in the free run.

34 of 34

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    A comprehensive analysis of long-term cause-specific mortality in relation to plant and animal protein intake had not been reported.

    “a comprehensive analysis of long-term cause-specific mortality in association with the intake of plant protein and animal protein has not been reported.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Recommendations about food sources of protein have not yet been made.

    “recommendations regarding food sources of protein have yet to be made.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Additional evidence is needed on the association between plant and animal protein intake and mortality in a large cohort examining specific sources and subgroups.

    “Additional evidence is needed regarding the association between the intake of plant protein and animal protein and mortality in a large cohort that examines specific plant and animal protein sources in detail as well as in population subgroups based on risk factors.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The findings are unlikely to be materially altered by additional events from the next linkage.

    “because our findings are unlikely to be materially altered by the additional events, the present analysis was conducted with the currently available follow-up.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The measurement error from the food frequency questionnaire is nondifferential.

    “inherent measurement error (eg, underreporting of dietary intakes 49 ) that would underestimate associations as a result of nondifferential misclassification and bias risk estimates toward the null.”
5 of 5

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • In the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, intake of plant protein was significantly inversely associated with all-cause mortality as well as cause-specific mortality from cardiovascular disease and stroke in both males and females, and replacement of just 3% of protein intake with plant protein versus animal was associated with a 10% reduction in overall mortality.

    “Intake of plant protein was significantly inversely associated with all-cause mortality as well as cause-specific mortality from cardiovascular disease and stroke in both males and females. They reported that replacement of just 3% of protein intake with plant protein versus animal was associated with a 10% reduction in overall mortality across both men and women [91].”

    From Plant Proteins: Assessing Their Nutritional Quality and Effects on Health and Physical Function (2020) · cites this paper as [91]

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Related

Authors
Huang, J., Liao, L. M., Weinstein, S. J., Sinha, R., Graubard, B. I., & Albanes, D.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
  • Huang, Jiaqi
  • Albanes, Demetrius
ORCID
Venue
JAMA Internal Medicine
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2020-09-01
Volume
180
Issue
9
Pages
1173
ISSN
2168-6106 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2790
PMC
PMC7358979
OpenAlex
W3040808545
Cited by
243
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 10
FWCI
24.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JAMA Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of State
  • Pennsylvania Department of Health
  • California Department of Public Health
  • Florida Department of Health
  • Arizona Department of Health Services
  • Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
  • Louisiana State University
  • Texas Department of State Health Services
  • National Institutes of Health
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
plant protein intake, animal protein intake, dietary protein, all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, diabetes mortality, AARP Diet and Health Study, dietary risk factors, sex differences, mortality risk reduction, protein intake recommendations
MeSH terms
Animal Proteins, Dietary, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Diet, Diet Surveys, Female, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, United States, Plant Proteins, Dietary, Cohort Studies

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