Association of Hemoglobin A 1c Levels With Use of Sulfonylureas, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors, and Thiazolidinediones in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Metformin: Analysis From the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Initiative
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Consensus around an efficient second-line treatment option for type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains ambiguous. The availability of electronic medical records and insurance claims data, which capture routine medical practice, accessed via the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics network presents an opportunity to generate evidence for the effectiveness of second-line treatments. Objective: To identify which drug classes among sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones are associated with reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and lower risk of myocardial infarction, kidney disorders, and eye disorders in patients with T2D treated with metformin as a first-line therapy. Design, Setting, and Participants: Three retrospective, propensity-matched, new-user cohort studies with replication across 8 sites were performed from 1975 to 2017. Medical data of 246 558 805 patients from multiple countries from the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) initiative were included and medical data sets were transformed into a unified common data model, with analysis done using open-source analytical tools. Participants included patients with T2D receiving metformin with at least 1 prior HbA1c laboratory test who were then prescribed either sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, or thiazolidinediones. Data analysis was conducted from 2015 to 2018. Exposures: Treatment with sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, or thiazolidinediones starting at least 90 days after the initial prescription of metformin. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome is the first observation of the reduction of HbA1c level to 7% of total hemoglobin or less after prescription of a second-line drug. Secondary outcomes are myocardial infarction, kidney disorder, and eye disorder after prescription of a second-line drug. Results: A total of 246 558 805 patients (126 977 785 women [51.5%]) were analyzed. Effectiveness of sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones prescribed after metformin to lower HbA1c level to 7% or less of total hemoglobin remained indistinguishable in patients with T2D. Patients treated with sulfonylureas compared with DPP-4 inhibitors had a small increased consensus hazard ratio of myocardial infarction (1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.24) and eye disorders (1.15; 95% CI, 1.11-1.19) in the meta-analysis. Hazard of observing kidney disorders after treatment with sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, or thiazolidinediones was equally likely. Conclusions and Relevance: The examined drug classes did not differ in lowering HbA1c and in hazards of kidney disorders in patients with T2D treated with metformin as a first-line therapy. Sulfonylureas had a small, higher observed hazard of myocardial infarction and eye disorders compared with DPP-4 inhibitors in the meta-analysis. The OHDSI collaborative network can be used to conduct a large international study examining the effectiveness of second-line treatment choices made in clinical management of T2D.
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- Authors
- Vashisht, R., Jung, K., Schuler, A., Banda, J. M., Park, R. W., Jin, S., Li, L., Dudley, J. T., Johnson, K. W., Shervey, M. M., Xu, H., Wu, Y., Natrajan, K., Hripcsak, G., Jin, P., Van Zandt, M., Reckard, A., Reich, C. G., Weaver, J., Schuemie, M. J., Ryan, P. B., Callahan, A., & Shah, N. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Ajou University (KR)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics, New York, New York
- IQVIA (United States) (US)
- Janssen Research & Development (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shah, Nigam H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Network Open
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2018-08-24
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e181755
- ISSN
- 2574-3805 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6324274
- OpenAlex
- W2888570419
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 6.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JAMA Network Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche
- Korea Health Industry Development Institute (HI16C0992)
- National Institutes of Health (LM006910)
- National Cancer Institute (R25CA180993)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM101430)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK098242)
- U.S. National Library of Medicine (R01LM011369, LM006910, R01LM006910)
- Janssen Research and Development
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, metformin, second-line therapy, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, HbA1c, glycemic control, myocardial infarction, kidney disease, eye diseases, drug effectiveness, electronic health records, common data model
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Metformin, Sulfonylurea Compounds, Cohort Studies, Thiazolidinediones, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
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