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Prevalence and Family-Related Factors Associated With Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempts, and Self-injury in Children Aged 9 to 10 Years
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Although suicide is a leading cause of death for children in the United States, and the rate of suicide in childhood has steadily increased, little is known about suicidal ideation and behaviors in children. Objective: To assess the overall prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury, as well as family-related factors associated with suicidality and self-injury among preadolescent children. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional study using retrospective analysis of the baseline sample from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. This multicenter investigation used an epidemiologically informed school-based recruitment strategy, with consideration of the demographic composition of the 21 ABCD sites and the United States as a whole. The sample included children aged 9 to 10 years and their caregivers. Main Outcomes and Measures: Lifetime suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury as reported by children and their caregivers in a computerized version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Results: A total of 11 814 children aged 9 to 10 years (47.8% girls; 52.0% white) and their caregivers were included. After poststratification sociodemographic weighting, the approximate prevalence rates were 6.4% (95% CI, 5.7%-7.3%) for lifetime history of passive suicidal ideation; 4.4% (95% CI, 3.9%-5.0%) for nonspecific active suicidal ideation; 2.4% (95% CI, 2.1%-2.7%) for active ideation with method, intent, or plan; 1.3% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.6%) for suicide attempts; and 9.1% (95% CI, 8.1-10.3) for nonsuicidal self-injury. After covarying by sex, family history, internalizing and externalizing problems, and relevant psychosocial variables, high family conflict was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.16) and nonsuicidal self-injury (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.14), and low parental monitoring was significantly associated with ideation (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98), attempts (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.97), and nonsuicidal self-injury (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98); these findings were consistent after internal replication. Most of children's reports of suicidality and self-injury were either unknown or not reported by their caregivers. Conclusions and Relevance: This study demonstrates the association of family factors, including high family conflict and low parental monitoring, with suicidality and self-injury in children. Future research and ongoing prevention and intervention efforts may benefit from the examination of family factors.
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“A study of children aged 9-10 years found family conflict and low parental monitoring were significantly associated with suicidal ideation even after controlling for demographic and psychosocial variables.23”
From Evidence-based youth suicide prevention and intervention in pediatric primary care settings. (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
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Karcher, N. R., & Barch, D. M. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-0736-6 · Cited by 351
Self-citationPrevalence and Correlates of Suicide and Nonsuicidal Self-injury in Children
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Van Meter, A. R., Knowles, E. A., & Mintz, E. H. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2022.07.867 · Cited by 193
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Metadata
- Authors
- DeVille, D. C., Whalen, D., Breslin, F. J., Morris, A. S., Khalsa, S. S., Paulus, M. P., & Barch, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Breslin, Florence J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Network Open
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2020-02-07
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e1920956
- ISSN
- 2574-3805 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7261143
- OpenAlex
- W3004743412
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 13
- FWCI
- 13.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JAMA Network Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Endowment for the Arts
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH118426, L30 MH108015)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01DA041106, U01DA041120, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U01DA050989, U01DA041048, U24DA041147, U01DA041148, U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA051039, U01DA041134, U01DA041025, U24DA041123, U01DA041093, U01DA041089, U01DA041117)
- Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, non-suicidal self-injury, children, preadolescents, family conflict, parental supervision, family cohesion, family communication, family history of suicide, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, prevalence, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, suicide prevention, family intervention, school-based prevention
- MeSH terms
- Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Characteristics, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Prevalence, Self-Injurious Behavior, Suicidal Ideation
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