Cited by 270Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbuseInjury Epidemiology and Prevention

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Prevalence and Family-Related Factors Associated With Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempts, and Self-injury in Children Aged 9 to 10 Years

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DeVille, Danielle C., Whalen, Diana, Breslin, Florence J., Morris, Amanda S., Khalsa, Sahib S., Paulus, Martin P., Barch, Deanna M.·2020·JAMA Network Open

DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20956PMC PMC7261143

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Abstract

Importance: Although suicide is a leading cause of death for children in the United States, and the rate of suicide in childhood has steadily increased, little is known about suicidal ideation and behaviors in children. Objective: To assess the overall prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury, as well as family-related factors associated with suicidality and self-injury among preadolescent children. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional study using retrospective analysis of the baseline sample from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. This multicenter investigation used an epidemiologically informed school-based recruitment strategy, with consideration of the demographic composition of the 21 ABCD sites and the United States as a whole. The sample included children aged 9 to 10 years and their caregivers. Main Outcomes and Measures: Lifetime suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury as reported by children and their caregivers in a computerized version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Results: A total of 11 814 children aged 9 to 10 years (47.8% girls; 52.0% white) and their caregivers were included. After poststratification sociodemographic weighting, the approximate prevalence rates were 6.4% (95% CI, 5.7%-7.3%) for lifetime history of passive suicidal ideation; 4.4% (95% CI, 3.9%-5.0%) for nonspecific active suicidal ideation; 2.4% (95% CI, 2.1%-2.7%) for active ideation with method, intent, or plan; 1.3% (95% CI, 1.0%-1.6%) for suicide attempts; and 9.1% (95% CI, 8.1-10.3) for nonsuicidal self-injury. After covarying by sex, family history, internalizing and externalizing problems, and relevant psychosocial variables, high family conflict was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.16) and nonsuicidal self-injury (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.14), and low parental monitoring was significantly associated with ideation (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98), attempts (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.97), and nonsuicidal self-injury (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98); these findings were consistent after internal replication. Most of children's reports of suicidality and self-injury were either unknown or not reported by their caregivers. Conclusions and Relevance: This study demonstrates the association of family factors, including high family conflict and low parental monitoring, with suicidality and self-injury in children. Future research and ongoing prevention and intervention efforts may benefit from the examination of family factors.

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Authors: DeVille, D. C., Whalen, D., Breslin, F. J., Morris, A. S., Khalsa, S. S., Paulus, M. P., & Barch, D. M.
Affiliations: Laureate Institute for Brain Research (US)
Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Oklahoma State University (US)
Corresponding author: Breslin, Florence J.
ORCID: DeVille, Danielle C.
Whalen, Diana
Breslin, Florence J.
Morris, Amanda S.
Khalsa, Sahib S.
Paulus, Martin P.
Barch, Deanna M.
Venue: JAMA Network Open
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2020-02-07
Volume: 3
Issue: 2
Pages: e1920956
ISSN: 2574-3805 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20956
PMC: PMC7261143
OpenAlex: W3004743412
Cited by: 270
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 53 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 13
FWCI: 13.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: JAMA Network Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: National Endowment for the Arts
Wellcome Trust
National Institutes of Health
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH118426, L30 MH108015)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (U01DA041106, U01DA041120, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U01DA050989, U01DA041048, U24DA041147, U01DA041148, U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA051039, U01DA041134, U01DA041025, U24DA041123, U01DA041093, U01DA041089, U01DA041117)
Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Keywords: suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, non-suicidal self-injury, children, preadolescents, family conflict, parental supervision, family cohesion, family communication, family history of suicide, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, prevalence, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, suicide prevention, family intervention, school-based prevention
MeSH terms: Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Family Characteristics, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Prevalence, Self-Injurious Behavior, Suicidal Ideation

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Prevalence and Family-Related Factors Associated With Suicidal Ideation, Suicide Attempts, and Self-injury in Children Aged 9 to 10 Years

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