The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of Cerebral Microbleeds With Cognitive Decline and Dementia
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Cerebral microbleeds are hypothesized downstream markers of brain damage caused by vascular and amyloid pathologic mechanisms. To date, whether their presence is associated with cognitive deterioration in the general population remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether microbleeds, and more specifically microbleed count and location, are associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia in the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Rotterdam Study, a prospective population-based study set in the general community, assessed the presence, number, and location of microbleeds at baseline (August 2005 to December 2011) on magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brain in 4841 participants 45 years or older. Participants underwent neuropsychological testing at 2 points a mean (SD) of 5.9 (0.6) years apart and were followed up for incident dementia throughout the study period until January 1, 2013. The association of microbleeds with cognitive decline and dementia was studied using multiple linear regression, linear mixed-effects modeling, and Cox proportional hazards. EXPOSURES: Cerebral microbleed presence, location, and number. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cognitive decline measured by a decrease in neuropsychological test battery scores (Mini-Mental State Examination, Letter Digit Substitution Task, Word Fluency Test, Stroop test, 15-word Verbal Learning Test, and Purdue Pegboard Test) and compound scores (eg, G factor, executive function, information processing speed, memory, motor speed) and dementia. RESULTS: In total, 3257 participants (1758 women [54.7%]; mean [SD] age, 59.6 [7.8] years) underwent baseline and follow-up cognitive testing. Microbleed prevalence was 15.3% (median [interquartile range] count, 1 [1-88]). The presence of more than 4 microbleeds was associated with cognitive decline. Lobar (with or without cerebellar) microbleeds were associated with a decline in executive functions (mean difference in z score, -0.31; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.11; P = .003), information processing (mean difference in z score, -0.44; 95% CI, -0.65 to -0.22; P < .001), and memory function (mean difference in z score, -0.34; 95% CI, -0.64 to -0.03; P = .03), whereas microbleeds in other brain regions were associated with a decline in information processing and motor speed (mean difference in z score, -0.61; 95% CI, -1.05 to -0.17; P = .007). After a mean (SD) follow-up of 4.8 (1.4) years, 72 participants developed dementia, of whom 53 had Alzheimer dementia. The presence of microbleeds was associated with an increased risk for dementia after adjustment for age, sex, and educational level (hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.25-3.24), including Alzheimer dementia (hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.21-3.64). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the general population, a high microbleed count was associated with an increased risk for cognitive deterioration and dementia. Microbleeds thus mark the presence of diffuse vascular and neurodegenerative brain damage.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies in unimpaired populations that were longitudinally followed up showed that high microbleed number (>3–4) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive deterioration and dementia [41, 42].”
From The use of neuroimaging techniques in the early and differential diagnosis of dementia (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
&NA; (1988) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-198802020-00022 · Cited by 12,603
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D. L., & Stadlan, E. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000400650.92875.cf · Cited by 9,882
Elastix: a toolbox for intensity-based medical image registration
Klein, S., Staring, M., Murphy, K., Viergever, M. A., & Pluim, J. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2009.2035616 · Cited by 4,311
Gorelick, P. B., Scuteri, A., Black, S. E., DeCarli, C., Greenberg, S. M., Iadecola, C., Launer, L. J., Laurent, S., Lopez, O. L., Nyenhuis, D., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3182299496 · Cited by 3,811
Roth, M., Tym, E., Mountjoy, C. Q., Huppert, F. A., Hendrie, H., Verma, S., & Goddard, R. (1986) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.149.6.698 · Cited by 2,090
The Rotterdam Study: objectives and design update
Albert Hofman, D., Breteler, M. M. B., van Duijn, C. M., Krestin, G. P., Pols, H. A. P., Stricker, B. H. C., Tiemeier, H. W., Uitterlinden, A. G., Vingerling, J. R., & Witteman, J. C. M. (2007) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9199-x · Cited by 1,408
Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: The Rotterdam Scan Study
Vernooij, M. W., van der Lugt, A., Ikram, M. A., Wielopolski, P. A., Niessen, W. J., Hofman, A., Krestin, G. P., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000307750.41970.d9 · Cited by 793
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Impact of multiple pathologies on the threshold for clinically overt dementia
Kapasi, A., DeCarli, C., & Schneider, J. A. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1717-7 · Cited by 739
Clinical Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers of Vascular Brain Injury
Debette, S., Schilling, S., Duperron, M., Larsson, S. C., & Markus, H. S. (2018) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.3122 · Cited by 771
The Epidemiology of Alzheimer's Disease Modifiable Risk Factors and Prevention
Zhang, X.-X., Tian, Y., Wang, Z.-T., Ma, Y.-H., Tan, L., & Yu, J.-T. (2021) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2021.15 · Cited by 789
Cerebral Perfusion and the Risk of Dementia
Wolters, F. J., Zonneveld, H. I., Albert Hofman, D., van der Lugt, A., Koudstaal, P. J., Vernooij, M. W., & Ikram, M. A. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.027448 · Cited by 539
Self-citationNeurovascular and Cognitive Dysfunction in Hypertension
Iadecola, C., & Gottesman, R. F. (2019) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.313260 · Cited by 530
Merlini, M., Rafalski, V. A., Rios Coronado, P. E., Gill, T. M., Ellisman, M., Muthukumar, G., Subramanian, K. S., Ryu, J. K., Syme, C. A., Davalos, D., et al. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.014 · Cited by 431
Objectives, design and main findings until 2020 from the Rotterdam Study
Ikram, M. A., Brusselle, G., Ghanbari, M., Goedegebure, A., Ikram, M. K., Kavousi, M., Kieboom, B. C. T., Klaver, C. C. W., de Knegt, R. J., Luik, A. I., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00640-5 · Cited by 463
Self-citationCerebral Vascular Disease and Neurovascular Injury in Ischemic Stroke
Hu, X., Silva, T. M. D., Chen, J., & Faraci, F. M. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308427 · Cited by 456
The Rotterdam Study: 2018 update on objectives, design and main results
Ikram, M. A., Brusselle, G., Murad, S. D., van Duijn, C. M., Franco, O. H., Goedegebure, A., Klaver, C. C. W., Nijsten, T. E. C., Peeters, R. P., Stricker, B. H. C., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-017-0321-4 · Cited by 447
Self-citationEmerging Concepts in Vascular Dementia: A Review
Bir, S. C., Khan, M. W., Javalkar, V., Toledo, E. G., & Kelley, R. E. (2021) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105864 · Cited by 247
Bos, D., Wolters, F. J., Darweesh, S. K. L., Vernooij, M. W., de Wolf, F., Ikram, M. A., & Albert Hofman, D. (2018) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.04.007 · Cited by 202
Self-citationThe use of neuroimaging techniques in the early and differential diagnosis of dementia
Chouliaras, L., & O’Brien, J. T. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02215-8 · Cited by 221
“Studies in unimpaired populations that were longitudinally followed up showed that high microbleed number (>3 – 4) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive deterioration and dementia [41, 42].”
Asymptomatic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights from Population-Based Studies
Das, A. S., Regenhardt, R. W., Vernooij, M. W., Blacker, D., Charidimou, A., & Viswanathan, A. (2019) · Journal of Stroke · doi:10.5853/jos.2018.03608 · Cited by 169
Self-citationSpace and location of cerebral microbleeds, cognitive decline, and dementia in the community
Ding, J., Sigurðsson, S., Jónsson, P. V., Eiriksdottir, G., Meirelles, O., Kjartansson, O., Lopez, O. L., van Buchem, M. A., Gudnason, V., & Launer, L. J. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003983 · Cited by 159
Cerebral small vessel disease: neuroimaging markers and clinical implication
Chen, X., Wang, J., Shan, Y., Cai, W., Liu, S., Hu, M., Liao, S., Huang, X., Zhang, B., Wang, Y., et al. (2018) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-018-9077-3 · Cited by 166
Blood–brain barrier link to human cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Barisano, G., Montagne, A., Kisler, K., Schneider, J. A., Wardlaw, J. M., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2022) · Nature Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1038/s44161-021-00014-4 · Cited by 157
Hypertension, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Decline
Pacholko, A. G., & Iadecola, C. (2024) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21356 · Cited by 170
Cognitive dysfunction in atrial fibrillation
Madhavan, M., Graff‐Radford, J., Piccini, J. P., & Gersh, B. J. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-018-0075-z · Cited by 146
Contributions of Aging to Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Silva, T. M. D., & Faraci, F. M. (2019) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034338 · Cited by 121
Charidimou, A., Shams, S., Romero, J. R., Ding, J., Veltkamp, R. C., Horstmann, S., Eiriksdottir, G., van Buchem, M. A., Gudnason, V. G., Himali, J. J., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1177/1747493017751931 · Cited by 119
Self-citationWoodward, N. C., Haghani, A., Johnson, R. G., Hsu, T. M., Saffari, A., Sioutas, C., Kanoski, S. E., Finch, C. E., & Morgan, T. E. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-018-0317-1 · Cited by 118
Schneider, A. L. C., Selvin, E., Sharrett, A. R., Griswold, M. E., Coresh, J., Jack, C. R., Knopman, D. S., Mosley, T. H., & Gottesman, R. F. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1185 · Cited by 123
Intracerebral endotheliitis and microbleeds are neuropathological features of COVID‐19
Kirschenbaum, D. S., Imbach, L., Rushing, E. J., Frauenknecht, K. B. M., Gascho, D., Ineichen, B. V., Keller, E., Köhler, S., Lichtblau, M., Reimann, R., et al. (2020) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12677 · Cited by 112
HDL from an Alzheimer's disease perspective
Button, E. B., Robert, J., Caffrey, T. M., Fan, J., Zhao, W., & Wellington, C. L. (2019) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000604 · Cited by 114
Tarantini, S., Valcarcel‐Ares, M. N., Yabluchanskiy, A., Springó, Z., Fülöp, G. Á., Ashpole, N. M., Gautam, T., Giles, C. B., Wren, J. D., Sonntag, W. E., et al. (2017) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12583 · Cited by 105
Cerebral small vessel disease and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review
Liu, Y., Braidy, N., Poljak, A., Chan, D. K. Y., & Sachdev, P. S. (2018) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2018.06.002 · Cited by 107
Traumatic brain injury: Mechanisms, manifestations, and visual sequelae
Rauchman, S. H., Zubair, A. S., Jacob, B., Rauchman, D., Pinkhasov, A., Placantonakis, D. G., & Reiss, A. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1090672 · Cited by 115
Potential Therapeutics for Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Sun, M. (2017) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666171016164734 · Cited by 87
Dharmalingam, P., Talakatta, G., Mitra, J., Wang, H., Derry, P. J., Nilewski, L. G., McHugh, E. A., Fabian, R. H., Mendoza, K., Vasquez, V., et al. (2020) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.9b05821 · Cited by 84
Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Cerebral Microbleeds in Mouse and Man
Lau, W. L., Nunes, A. C. F., Vasilevko, V., Floriolli, D., Lertpanit, L., Savoj, J., Bangash, M., Yao, Z., Shah, K., Naqvi, S., et al. (2019) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-019-00698-8 · Cited by 82
Cerebral microbleeds and risk of incident dementia: the Framingham Heart Study
Romero, J. R., Beiser, A., Himali, J. J., Shoamanesh, A., DeCarli, C. S., & Seshadri, S. S. (2017) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.018 · Cited by 84
Loeffler, D. A. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-230025 · Cited by 90
Exploring cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Insights into pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Cozza, M., Amadori, L., & Boccardi, V. (2023) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2023.120866 · Cited by 85
Clinical vascular imaging in the brain at 7 T
Cocker, L. J. L. D., Lindenholz, A., Zwanenburg, J. J. M., van der Kolk, A. G., Zwartbol, M. H. T., Luijten, P. R., & Hendrikse, J. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.044 · Cited by 81
Graff‐Radford, J. (2019) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/con.0000000000000684 · Cited by 84
Csiszár, A., Ungvari, A., Patai, R., Gulej, R., Yabluchanskiy, A., Benyó, Z., Kovács, I., Sótonyi, P., Kirkpartrick, A. C., Prodan, C. I., et al. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01139-7 · Cited by 75
Characteristics of Cerebral Microbleeds
Lee, J., Sohn, E. H., Oh, E., & Lee, A. Y. (2018) · Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders · doi:10.12779/dnd.2018.17.3.73 · Cited by 70
Neuroimaging of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Age-Related Cognitive Changes
Caunca, M. R., León-Benedetti, A. D., Latour, L. L., Leigh, R. J., & Wright, C. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2019.00145 · Cited by 71
Mid to Late Life Hypertension Trends and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in the Framingham Heart Study
Petrea, R. E., O’Donnell, A., Beiser, A., Habes, M., Aparicio, H. J., DeCarli, C. S., Seshadri, S. S., & Romero, J. R. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15073 · Cited by 59
Secondary prevention of Alzheimer’s dementia: neuroimaging contributions
ten Kate, M., Ingala, S., Schwarz, A. J., Fox, N. C., Chételat, G., van Berckel, B. N. M., Ewers, M., Foley, C., Gispert, J. D., Hill, D., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0438-z · Cited by 65
Parental family history of dementia in relation to subclinical brain disease and dementia risk
Wolters, F. J., van der Lee, S. J., Koudstaal, P. J., van Duijn, C. M., Hofman, A., Ikram, M. K., Vernooij, M. W., & Ikram, M. A. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003871 · Cited by 59
Self-citationPlasma Amyloid-β Levels, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, and Cognition: The Rotterdam Study
Hilal, S., Akoudad, S., van Duijn, C. M., Niessen, W. J., Verbeek, M. M., Vanderstichele, H., Stoops, E., Ikram, M. A., & Vernooij, M. W. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170458 · Cited by 60
Self-citationVascular pathology and pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults
Agrawal, S., & Schneider, J. A. (2022) · Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100148 · Cited by 61
Xiong, L., Boulouis, G., Charidimou, A., Roongpiboonsopit, D., Jessel, M. J., Pasi, M., Reijmer, Y. D., Fotiadis, P., Ayres, A. M., Merrill, E., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x17700435 · Cited by 59
Self-citationAtrial Fibrillation, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: an Epidemiologic Review
Ding, M., & Qiu, C. (2018) · Current Epidemiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40471-018-0159-7 · Cited by 57
Particulate Matter, an Intrauterine Toxin Affecting Foetal Development and Beyond
Chen, H., Oliver, B. G. G., Pant, A., Olivera, A., Poronnik, P., Pollock, C. A., & Saad, S. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10050732 · Cited by 56
Pardridge, W. M. (2016) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1080/14712598.2016.1230195 · Cited by 55
Fülöp, G. Á., Ramirez‐Perez, F. I., Kiss, T., Tarantini, S., Valcarcel‐Ares, M. N., Tóth, P., Yabluchanskiy, A., Conley, S. M., Ballabh, P., Martinez‐Lemus, L. A., et al. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly144 · Cited by 56
Hosoki, S., Saitô, S., Tonomura, S., Ishiyama, H., Yoshimoto, T., Ikeda, S., Ikenouchi, H., Yamamoto, Y., Hattori, Y., Miwa, K., et al. (2020) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.029607 · Cited by 55
Parfenov, V. A., Ostroumova, O. D., Оstroumova, Т. М., Кочетков, А. И., Fateeva, V. V., Khacheva, K. K., Khakimova, G. R., & Epstein, O. I. (2019) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s197032 · Cited by 56
Clinical phenotype, atrophy, and small vessel disease in APOE ε2 carriers with Alzheimer disease
Groot, C., Sudre, C. H., Barkhof, F., Teunissen, C. E., van Berckel, B. N. M., Seo, S. W., Sebastien Ourselin, A., Scheltens, P., Cardoso, M. J., van der Flier, W. M., et al. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006503 · Cited by 54
Nyúl‐Tóth, Á., Tarantini, S., Kiss, T., Tóth, P., Galván, V., Tarantini, A., Yabluchanskiy, A., Csiszár, A., & Ungvari, Z. I. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00256-3 · Cited by 52
Cognitive impact of cerebral microbleeds in patients with symptomatic small vessel disease
Nannoni, S., Ohlmeier, L., Brown, R. B., Morris, R. G., MacKinnon, A. D., Markus, H. S., & for the DNA Lacunar 2 investigators (2021) · International Journal of Stroke · doi:10.1177/17474930211012837 · Cited by 54
Brutto, V. J. D., Ortiz, J. G., Brutto, Ó. H. D., Mera, R. M., Zambrano, M., & Biller, J. (2017) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4747 · Cited by 50
Du, J., Wang, Y., Zhi, N., Geng, J.-L., Cao, W., Yu, L., Mi, J., Zhou, Y., Xu, Q., Wen, W., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101712 · Cited by 49
Serum neurofilament light in atrial fibrillation: clinical, neuroimaging and cognitive correlates
Polymeris, A. A., Coslovsky, M., Aeschbacher, S., Sinnecker, T., Benkert, P., Kobza, R., Beer, J. H., Rodondi, N., Fischer, U., Moschovitis, G., et al. (2020) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa166 · Cited by 49
Susac syndrome: A scoping review
David, C., Sacré, K., Henry–Feugeas, M.-C., Klein, I. F., Doan, S., Aubart, F. C., Jouvent, É., & Papo, T. (2022) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103097 · Cited by 49
Rajeev, V., Fann, D. Y., Dinh, Q. N., Kim, H. A., Silva, T. M. D., Jo, D., Drummond, G. R., Sobey, C. G., Lai, M. K. P., Chen, C., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.75188 · Cited by 49
Gupta, A., Perdomo, S. J., Billinger, S. A., Beddhu, S., Burns, J. M., & Gronseth, G. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038971 · Cited by 51
Small vessel disease burden in cerebral amyloid angiopathy without symptomatic hemorrhage
Boulouis, G., Charidimou, A., Jessel, M. J., Xiong, L., Roongpiboonsopit, D., Fotiadis, P., Pasi, M., Ayres, A. M., Merrill, M. E., Schwab, K. M., et al. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003655 · Cited by 45
Self-citationThe significant effects of cerebral microbleeds on cognitive dysfunction: An updated meta-analysis
Li, X., Yuan, J., Yang, L., Qin, W., Yang, S., Li, Y., Fan, H., & Hu, W. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185145 · Cited by 46
Rashid, T., Abdulkadir, A., Nasrallah, I. M., Ware, J. B., Liu, H., Spincemaille, P., Romero, J. R., Bryan, R. N., Heckbert, S. R., & Habes, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93427-x · Cited by 46
Neuropathology of the Common Forms of Dementia
Mehta, R. I., & Schneider, J. A. (2022) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2022.07.005 · Cited by 47
Shapira, R., Gdalyahu, A., Gottfried, I., Sasson, E., Hadanny, A., Efrati, S., Blinder, P., & Ashery, U. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203485 · Cited by 44
Dysfunction of the Blood-brain Barrier in Cerebral Microbleeds: from Bedside to Bench
Wang, H., Zhang, C., Qiu, Y., Chen, A., Li, Y., & Hu, B. (2021) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0514 · Cited by 47
Jiang, Y., Wang, Y., Yuan, Z., Xu, K., Zhang, K., Zhu, Z., Li, P., Suo, C., Tian, W., Fan, M., et al. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-181135 · Cited by 43
The pleiotropic vasoprotective functions of high density lipoproteins (HDL)
Boyce, G. K., Button, E. B., Sonja, S. V., & Wellington, C. L. (2017) · Journal of Biomedical Research · doi:10.7555/jbr.31.20160103 · Cited by 41
Deep-learning retinal vessel calibre measurements and risk of cognitive decline and dementia
Cheung, C. Y.-L., Wong, W. L. E., Hilal, S., Kan, C. N., Gyanwali, B., Tham, Y. C., Schmetterer, L. F., Xu, D., Lee, M. L., Hsu, W., et al. (2022) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac212 · Cited by 44
Ramirez, J., Holmes, M. F., Scott, C. J. M., Ozzoude, M., Adamo, S. M., Szilagyi, G. M., Goubran, M., Gao, F., Arnott, S. R., Lawrence‐Dewar, J. M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00847 · Cited by 48
Liu, Z., Ma, H., Guo, Z., Wang, L., Qu, Y., Fan, L., Liu, X., Liu, J., Zhu, Y., & Yang, Y. (2021) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.13778 · Cited by 41
Faakye, J., Nyúl‐Tóth, Á., Muranyi, M., Gulej, R., Csík, B., Shanmugarama, S., Tarantini, S., Negri, S., Prodan, C. I., Mukli, P., et al. (2023) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-023-01024-9 · Cited by 39
Lioutas, V., Wu, B., Norton, C., Helenius, J., Modak, J. M., & Selim, M. H. (2018) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-018-9059-5 · Cited by 37
Factors Associated with Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview of Reviews
Rochoy, M., Rivas, V., Chazard, E., Decarpentry, E., Saudemont, G., Hazard, P.-A., Puisieux, F. L., Gautier, S., & Bordet, R. (2019) · The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.14283/jpad.2019.7 · Cited by 38
Derry, P. J., Vo, A. T. T., Gnanasekaran, A., Mitra, J., Liopo, A. V., Hegde, M. L., Tsai, A., Tour, J. M., & Kent, T. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.603043 · Cited by 42
Wolters, F. J., Boender, J., de Vries, P. S., Sonneveld, M., Koudstaal, P. J., de Maat, M. P. M., Franco, O. H., Ikram, M. K., Leebeek, F. W. G., & Ikram, M. A. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23865-7 · Cited by 34
Self-citationThe role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of dementia
Živanović, M., Aracki-Trenkić, A., Milošević, V., Stojanov, D. A., Mišić, M., Radovanović, M., & Radovanović, V. (2022) · Biomolecules and Biomedicine · doi:10.17305/bjbms.2022.8085 · Cited by 37
Paradise, M., Seruga, A., Crawford, J. D., Chaganti, J. R., Thalamuthu, A., Kochan, N. A., Brodaty, H., Wen, W. X., & Sachdev, P. S. (2018) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-018-9883-3 · Cited by 38
Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Hypertension
Zhang, J., Liu, L., Sun, H., Li, M., Li, Y., Zhao, J., Li, J., Liu, X., Cong, Y., Li, F., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.008453 · Cited by 35
The vascular contribution to cognitive decline in ageing and dementia
Anderle, S., Dixon, M., Quintela‐López, T., Sideris-Lampretsas, G., & Attwell, D. (2025) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-025-00950-1 · Cited by 40
Paradise, M., & Sachdev, P. S. (2019) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0039-1678582 · Cited by 33
Cerebral microbleeds are associated with blood pressure levels in individuals with hypertension
Lyu, L., Shen, J., Zeng, C., Ji, J., Hu, W., Wei, T., & Mao, W. (2019) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.1080/10641963.2019.1665673 · Cited by 33
Lobar cerebral microbleeds signal early cognitive impairment
Yakushiji, Y., & Werring, D. J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.179 · Cited by 32
Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Stroke
D’Souza, C. E., Greenway, M. R. F., Graff‐Radford, J., & Meschia, J. F. (2021) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1722217 · Cited by 35
Cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease induced by hypertension
Wei, W., Ma, D., Li, L., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.385841 · Cited by 37
Cerebral venous congestion exacerbates cerebral microhemorrhages in mice
Nyúl‐Tóth, Á., Fülöp, G. Á., Tarantini, S., Kiss, T., Ahire, C., Faakye, J., Ungvari, A., Tóth, P., Tóth, A., Csiszár, A., et al. (2022) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00504-0 · Cited by 31
Dempsey, R. J., Jackson, D. C., Wilbrand, S. M., Mitchell, C., Berman, S. E., Johnson, S. C., Meshram, N. H., Varghese, T., & Hermann, B. P. (2017) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1093/neuros/nyx173 · Cited by 32
Taylor, E. N., Huang, N., Wisco, J. J., Wang, Y., Morgan, K. G., & Hamilton, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-020-02441-6 · Cited by 34
Li, J., Nguyen, T. D., Zhang, Q., Guo, L., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.28092 · Cited by 30
Cortical cerebrovascular and metabolic perturbations in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Jullienne, A., Szu, J. I., Quan, R., Trinh, M. V., Norouzi, T., Noarbe, B. P., Bedwell, A. A., Eldridge, K., Persohn, S. A., Territo, P. R., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1220036 · Cited by 30
Daugherty, A. M., & Raz, N. (2017) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.07.003 · Cited by 32
Association of Cerebral Microbleeds with Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study
Li, L., Initiative, A. D. N., Wu, D., Li, H., Tan, L., Xu, W., Dong, Q., Tan, L., & Yu, J. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-191257 · Cited by 29
Traumatic brain injury-induced cerebral microbleeds in the elderly
Tóth, L., Czigler, A., Horváth, P., Környei, B. S., Szarka, N., Schwarcz, A., Ungvari, Z. I., Büki, A., & Tóth, P. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00280-3 · Cited by 28
Mehina, E. M. F., Taylor, S. L., Boghozian, R., White, E. R., Choi, S. E., Cheema, M. S., Körbelin, J., & Brown, C. E. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg2712 · Cited by 28
Nguyen, B. T., Shin, E., Jeong, J. H., Sharma, N., Nah, S. Y., Ko, S. K., Byun, J. K., Lee, Y., Lei, X. G., Kim, D.-J., et al. (2022) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.003 · Cited by 30
Gulej, R., Patai, R., Ungvari, A., Kállai, A., Tarantini, S., Yabluchanskiy, A., Huffman, D. M., Conboy, M. J., Conboy, I. M., Mika Kivimaki, B., et al. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01657-y · Cited by 29
Longitudinal Accumulation of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Disease
Joseph‐Mathurin, N., Wang, G., Kantarci, K., Jack, C. R., McDade, E., Hassenstab, J. J., Blazey, T., Gordon, B. A., Su, Y., Chen, G., et al. (2021) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000011542 · Cited by 28
Baker, T. L., Agoston, D. V., Brady, R. D., Major, B. P., McDonald, S. J., Mychasiuk, R., Wright, D. K., Yamakawa, G. R., Sun, M., & Shultz, S. R. (2021) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/10738584211012264 · Cited by 28
Miller, L. R., Tarantini, S., Nyúl‐Tóth, Á., Johnston, M. P., Martin, T., Bullen, E. C., Bickel, M. A., Sonntag, W. E., Yabluchanskiy, A., Csiszár, A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.788296 · Cited by 28
Planton, M., Raposo, N., Albucher, J.-F., & Pariente, J. (2017) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2017.09.006 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Akoudad, S., Wolters, F. J., Viswanathan, A., de Bruijn, R. F., van der Lugt, A., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P. J., Ikram, M. A., & Vernooij, M. W.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Harvard University (US)
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Ikram, M. Arfan
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2016-08-01
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 934
- ISSN
- 2168-6149 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5966721
- OpenAlex
- W2410623364
- Cited by
- 403
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 28.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- ZonMw (90700435)
- Erasmus Medisch Centrum
- National Institutes of Health
- Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG047975)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
- Keywords
- cerebral microbleeds, cognitive decline, dementia, lobar microbleeds, executive function, processing speed, memory impairment, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral small vessel disease, vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid, Rotterdam Study, general population, incident dementia risk
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Cognition Disorders, Dementia, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Retrospective Studies, Statistics as Topic, Community Health Planning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
