Meta‐Analysis Of Controlled Clinical Trials
Abstract
Introduction Protocol development Estimating the treatment difference in an individual trial Combining estimates of a treatment difference across trials Meta--analysis using individual patient data Dealing with heterogeneity Presentation and interpretation of results Selection bias Dealing with non--standard datasets Inclusion of trials with different study designs A Bayesian approach to meta--analysis Sequential methods for meta--analysis Appendix Methods of estimation and hypothesis testing
Integrity signals
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Standard random-effects meta-analysis methods assume a normal distribution for the random effects.
“Standard random-effects meta-analysis methods make this assumption (Whitehead, 2002), and we now discuss the extent to which classical and Bayesian approaches with a normal distribution for the random effects allow the important questions to be addressed.”
From A Re-Evaluation of Random-Effects Meta-Analysis (2009) · cites this paper as Whitehead, 2002
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- Authors
- Whitehead, A.
- Corresponding author
- Whitehead, Anne
- Venue
- Wiley eBooks
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-07-15
- OpenAlex
- W24088030
- Cited by
- 827
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 25.76
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Wiley eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- meta-analysis, individual patient data, treatment effect estimation, heterogeneity, selection bias, Bayesian meta-analysis, sequential methods, hypothesis testing, study design comparison, protocol design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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