Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,083

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Open access
Howe, Tracey E, Shea, Beverley, Dawson, Lesley J, Downie, Fiona, Murray, Ann, Ross, Craig, Harbour, Robin T, Caldwell, Lynn M, Creed, Gisela·2011·Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd000333.pub2
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a condition resulting in an increased risk of skeletal fractures due to a reduction in the density of bone tissue. Treatment of osteoporosis typically involves the use of pharmacological agents. In general it is thought that disuse (prolonged periods of inactivity) and unloading of the skeleton promotes reduced bone mass, whereas mechanical loading through exercise increases bone mass. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of exercise interventions in preventing bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women. SEARCH STRATEGY: During the update of this review we updated the original search strategy by searching up to December 2010 the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group's Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, 2010 Issue 12); MEDLINE; EMBASE; HealthSTAR; Sports Discus; CINAHL; PEDro; Web of Science; Controlled Clinical Trials; and AMED. We attempted to identify other studies by contacting experts, searching reference lists and searching trial registers. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that met our predetermined inclusion criteria. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Pairs of members of the review team extracted the data and assessed trial quality using predetermined forms. For dichotomous outcomes (fractures), we calculated risk ratios (RRs) using a fixed-effect model. For continuous data, we calculated mean differences (MDs) of the percentage change from baseline. Where heterogeneity existed (determined by the I(2) statistic), we used a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Forty-three RCTs (27 new in this update) with 4320 participants met the inclusion criteria. The most effective type of exercise intervention on bone mineral density (BMD) for the neck of femur appears to be non-weight bearing high force exercise such as progressive resistance strength training for the lower limbs (MD 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 1.82). The most effective intervention for BMD at the spine was combination exercise programmes (MD 3.22; 95% CI 1.80 to 4.64) compared with control groups. Fractures and falls were reported as adverse events in some studies. There was no effect on numbers of fractures (odds ratio (OR) 0.61; 95% CI 0.23 to 1.64). Overall, the quality of the reporting of studies in the meta-analyses was low, in particular in the areas of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding and loss to follow-up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a relatively small statistically significant, but possibly important, effect of exercise on bone density compared with control groups. Exercise has the potential to be a safe and effective way to avert bone loss in postmenopausal women.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/14651858.cd000333.pub2

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 9 references

Research works printed but not linked: 117

  1. Bemben, 2000, Musculoskeletal responses to high- and low-intensity resistance training in early postmenopausal women, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32, 1949, 10.1097/00005768-200011000-00020 · DOI
  2. Bergstrom, 2008, Physical training preserves bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with forearm fractures and low bone mineral density, Osteoporosis International, 19, 177, 10.1007/s00198-007-0445-6 · DOI
  3. Bocalini, 2009, Strength training preserves the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy, Journal of Aging and Health, 21, 519, 10.1177/0898264309332839 · DOI
  4. Bravo, 1996, Impact of a 12-month exercise program on the physical and psychological health of osteopenic women, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44, 756, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb03730.x · DOI
  5. Brentano Cadore, 2008, Physiological adaptations to strength and circuit training in postmenopausal women with bone loss, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22, 1816, 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31817ae3f1 · DOI
  6. Chan, 2004, A randomized, prospective study of the effects of Tai Chi Chun exercise on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85, 717, 10.1016/j.apmr.2003.08.091 · DOI
  7. Cheng, 2002, Change in bone mass distribution induced by hormone replacement therapy and high-impact physical exercise in post-menopausal women, Bone, 31, 126, 10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00794-9 · DOI
  8. Chilibeck, 2002, The effect of strength training combined with bisphosphonate (etidronate) therapy on bone mineral, lean tissue, and fat mass in postmenopausal women, Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 80, 941, 10.1139/y02-126 · DOI
  9. Chow, 1987, Effect of two randomised exercise programmes on bone mass of healthy postmenopausal women, British Medical Journal, 295, 1441, 10.1136/bmj.295.6611.1441 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Chubak, 2006, Effect of exercise on bone mineral density and lean mass in postmenopausal women, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38, 1236, 10.1249/01.mss.0000227308.11278.d7 · DOI
  11. Chuin, 2009, Effect of antioxidants combined to resistance training on BMD in elderly women: A pilot study, Osteoporosis International, 20, 1253, 10.1007/s00198-008-0798-5 · DOI
  12. Ebrahim, 1997, Randomized placebo-controlled trial of brisk walking in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, Age and Aging, 26, 253, 10.1093/ageing/26.4.253 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Englund, 2009, The beneficial effects of exercise on BMD are lost after cessation: a 5-year follow-up in older post-menopausal women, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 19, 381, 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00802.x · DOI
  14. Englund, 2005, A 1-year combined weight-bearing training program is beneficial for bone mineral density and neuromuscular function in older women, Osteoporosis International, 16, 1117, 10.1007/s00198-004-1821-0 · DOI
  15. Going, 2003, Effects of exercise on bone mineral density in calcium-replete postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy, Osteoporosis International, 14, 637, 10.1007/s00198-003-1436-x · DOI
  16. Grove, 1992, Bone density in postmenopausal women: high impact vs low impact exercise, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24, 1190
  17. Hatori, 1993, The effects of walking at the anaerobic threshold level on vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women, Calcified Tissue International, 52, 411, 10.1007/BF00571327 · DOI
  18. Iwamoto, 2001, Effect of exercise training and detraining on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 6, 128, 10.1007/s007760100059 · DOI
  19. Iwamoto, 2005, Effect of whole-body vibration exercise on lumbar bone mineral density, bone turnover, and chronic back pain in post-menopausal osteoporotic women treated with alendronate, AgingClinical and Experimental Research, 17, 157, 10.1007/BF03324589 · DOI
  20. Karinkanta, 2009, Maintenance of exercise-induced benefits in physical functioning and bone among elderly women, Osteoporosis International, 20, 665, 10.1007/s00198-008-0703-2 · DOI
  21. Karinkanta, 2007, A multi-component exercise regimen to prevent functional decline and bone fragility in home-dwelling elderly women: randomized, controlled trial, Osteoporosis International, 18, 453, 10.1007/s00198-006-0256-1 · DOI
  22. Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, 2006, Effect of impact exercise on bone mineral density in elderly women with low BMD: a population-based randomized controlled 30-month intervention, Osteoporosis International, 17, 109, 10.1007/s00198-005-1924-2 · DOI
  23. Korpelainen, 2010, Long-term outcomes of exercise: follow-up of a randomized trial in older women with osteopenia, Archives of Internal Medicine, 170, 1548, 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.311 · DOI
  24. Lau, 1992, The effects of calcium supplementation and exercise on bone density in elderly Chinese women, Osteoporosis International, 2, 168, 10.1007/BF01623922 · DOI
  25. Lord, 1996, The effects of a community exercise program on fracture risk factors in older women, Osteoporosis International, 6, 361, 10.1007/BF01623009 · DOI
  26. Maddalozzo, 2007, The effects of hormone replacement therapy and resistance training on spine bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women, Bone, 40, 1244, 10.1016/j.bone.2006.12.059 · DOI
  27. Martin, 1993, Effects of aerobic training on bone mineral density of postmenopausal women, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 8, 931, 10.1002/jbmr.5650080805 · DOI
  28. Houtkooper, 2007, Preventing osteoporosis the bone estrogen strength training way, ACSM's Health and Fitness Journal, 11, 21, 10.1249/01.FIT.0000257708.14987.38 · DOI
  29. Metcalfe, 2007, The BEST exercise program for osteoporosis prevention, Functional U, 5, 1
  30. Metcalfe, 2001, Postmenopausal women and exercise for prevention of osteoporosis: the Bone, Estrogen, Strength Training (BEST) study, ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal, 5, 6
  31. Nelson, 1994, Effects of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures, JAMA, 272, 1909, 10.1001/jama.1994.03520240037038 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Newstead, 2004, The effect of a jumping exercise intervention on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, 27, 47, 10.1519/00139143-200408000-00002 · DOI
  33. Papaioannou, 2003, Efficacy of home-based exercise for improving quality of life among elderly women with symptomatic osteoporosis-related vertebral fractures, Osteoporosis International, 14, 677, 10.1007/s00198-003-1423-2 · DOI
  34. Webber, 2003, A 6-mo home-based exercise program may slow vertebral height loss, Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 6, 391, 10.1385/JCD:6:4:391 · DOI
  35. Preisinger, 1995, Therapeutic exercise in the prevention of bone loss. A controlled trial with women after menopause, American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 74, 120, 10.1097/00002060-199503000-00006 · DOI
  36. Preisinger, 2001, The effect of calisthenic home exercises on postmenopausal fractures-a long-term observational study, Maturitas, 40, 61, 10.1016/S0378-5122(01)00229-8 · DOI
  37. Prince, 1991, Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a comparative study of exercise, calcium supplementation, and hormone-replacement therapy, New England Journal of Medicine, 325, 1189, 10.1056/NEJM199110243251701 · DOI · Paper page
  38. Prince, 1995, The effects of calcium supplementation (milk powder or tablets) and exercise on one ensity in postmenopausal women, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 10, 1068, 10.1002/jbmr.5650100711 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Pruitt, 1996, Effects of a one-year high-intensity versus low-intensity resistance training program on bone mineral density in older women, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 10, 1788, 10.1002/jbmr.5650101123 · DOI
  40. Mayoux-Benhamou, 1997, Effect of Ppsoas training on postmenopausal lumbar bone loss: a 3-year follow-up study, Calcified Tissue International, 60, 348, 10.1007/s002239900241 · DOI
  41. Revel, 1993, One-year psoas training can prevent lumbar bone loss in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial, Calcified Tissue International, 53, 307, 10.1007/BF01351834 · DOI
  42. Rubin, 2004, Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss by a low-magnitude, high-frequency mechanical stimuli: a clinical trial assessing compliance, efficacy, and safety, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 19, 343, 10.1359/JBMR.0301251 · DOI · Paper page
  43. Russo, 2003, High-frequency vibration training increases muscle power in postmenopausal women, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 1854, 10.1016/S0003-9993(03)00357-5 · DOI
  44. Sakai, 2010, Unipedal standing exercise and hip bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 28, 42, 10.1007/s00774-009-0100-8 · DOI
  45. Sinaki, 1989, Efficacy of nonloading exercises in prevention of vertebral bone loss in postmenopausal women: a controlled trial, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 64, 762, 10.1016/S0025-6196(12)61748-0 · DOI
  46. Smidt, 1992, The effect of high-intensity trunk exercise on bone mineral density of postmenopausal women, Spine, 17, 280, 10.1097/00007632-199203000-00007 · DOI
  47. Tolomio, 2009, Effects of a combined weight- and non weight-bearing (water) exercise program on bone mass and quality in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density, Clinica Terapeutica, 160, 105
  48. Uusi-Rasi, 2003, Effect of alendronate and exercise on bone and physical performance of postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial, Bone, 33, 132, 10.1016/S8756-3282(03)00082-6 · DOI
  49. Uusi-Rasi, 2004, Effect of discontinuation of alendronate treatment and exercise on bone mass and physical fitness: 15-month follow-up of a randomized, controlled trial, Bone, 35, 799, 10.1016/j.bone.2004.05.003 · DOI
  50. Verschueren, 2004, Effect of 6-month whole body vibration training on hip density, muscle strength, and postural control in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled pilot study, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 19, 352, 10.1359/JBMR.0301245 · DOI · Paper page
  51. Stengel, 2009, Effect of whole body vibration exercise on osteoporotic risk factors, Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 134, 1511, 10.1055/s-0029-1233971 · DOI
  52. Ay, 2005, Influence of aquatic and weight-bearing exercises on quantitative ultrasound variables in postmenopausal women, American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 52, 10.1097/01.PHM.0000146500.85850.BE · DOI
  53. Bebenek, 2010, Effect of exercise and Cimicifuga racemosa (CR BNO 1055) on bone mineral density, 10-year coronary heart disease risk, and menopausal complaints: the randomized controlled Training and Cimicifuga racemosa Erlangen (TRACE) study, Menopause (10723714), 17, 791, 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181cc4a00 · DOI
  54. Cao, 2009, Good maintenance of physical benefits in a 12-month exercise and nutritional intervention by voluntary, home-based exercise: a 6-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 27, 182, 10.1007/s00774-008-0022-x · DOI
  55. Matos, 2009, Effect of specific exercise training on bone mineral density in women with postmenopausal osteopenia or osteoporosis, Gynecological Endocrinology, 25, 616, 10.1080/09513590903015593 · DOI
  56. Hans, 2002, Monitored impact loading of the hip: initial testing of a home-use device, Calcified Tissue International, 71, 112, 10.1007/s00223-001-2063-1 · DOI
  57. Hawkins, 2002, The relationship between bone adaptations to resistance exercise and reproductive-hormone levels, Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 10, 64, 10.1123/japa.10.1.64 · DOI
  58. Heinonen, 1996, Randomised controlled trial of effect of high-impact exercise on selected risk factors for osteoporotic fractures, Lancet, 348, 1343, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)04214-6 · DOI · Paper page
  59. Kemmler, 2003, The Erlangen Fitness Osteoporosis Prevention Study: a controlled exercise trial in early postmenopausal women with low bone density - first-year results, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 84, 673
  60. Kemmler, 2004, Benefits of 2 years of intense exercise on bone density, physical fitness, and blood lipids in early postmenopausal osteopenic women: Results of the Erlangen Fitness Osteoporosis Prevention Study (EFOPS), Archives of Internal Medicine, 164, 1084, 10.1001/archinte.164.10.1084 · DOI
  61. Kemmler, 2005, Exercise effects on menopausal risk factors of early postmenopausal women: 3-Yr erlangen fitness osteoporosis prevention study results, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37, 194, 10.1249/01.MSS.0000152678.20239.76 · DOI
  62. Kerr, 1996, Exercise effects on bone mass in postmenopausal women are site-specific and load-dependent, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 11, 218, 10.1002/jbmr.5650110211 · DOI · Paper page
  63. Kerschan-Schindl, 2000, Long-term home exercise program: Effect in women at high risk of fracture, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 319, 10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90078-9 · DOI
  64. Kohrt, 1995, Additive effects of weight-bearing exercise and estrogen on bone mineral density in older women, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 10, 1303, 10.1002/jbmr.5650100906 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Kontulainen, 2004, Former exercisers of an 18-month intervention display residual aBMD benefits compared with control women 3.5 years post-intervention: a follow-up of a randomized controlled high-impact trial, Osteoporosis International, 15, 248, 10.1007/s00198-003-1559-0 · DOI
  66. Kriska, 1986, A randomized exercise trial in older women: increased activity over two years and the factors associated with compliance, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 18, 557, 10.1249/00005768-198610000-00011 · DOI
  67. Leichter, 1989, Gain in mass density of bone following strenuous physical activity, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 7, 86, 10.1002/jor.1100070112 · DOI
  68. Lohman, 1995, Effects of resistance training on regional and total bone mineral density in premenopausal women: a randomized prospective study, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 10, 1015, 10.1002/jbmr.5650100705 · DOI · Paper page
  69. Mayoux-Benhamou, 1995, Effet de l'exercice physique sur la densité osseuse lombaire chez la femme ménopausée, Ann Readaptation Med Phys, 38, 117, 10.1016/0168-6054(96)89307-X · DOI
  70. Nelson, 1991, A 1-year walking program and increased dietary calcium in postmenopausal women: effects on bone, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, 1304, 10.1093/ajcn/53.5.1304 · DOI · Paper page
  71. Notelovitz, 1991, Estrogen therapy and variable-resistance weight training increase bone mineral in surgically menopausal women, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 6, 583, 10.1002/jbmr.5650060609 · DOI
  72. Pruitt, 1992, Weight-training effects on bone mineral density in early postmenopausal women, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 7, 179, 10.1002/jbmr.5650070209 · DOI
  73. Rikli, 1990, Effects of exercise on bone mineral content in postmenopausal women, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 61, 243, 10.1080/02701367.1990.10608686 · DOI
  74. Ruan, 2008, Effects of vibration therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, Chinese Medical Journal, 121, 1155, 10.1097/00029330-200807010-00001 · DOI
  75. Shen, 2009, Green tea polyphenols and Tai Chi for bone health: designing a placebo-controlled randomized trial, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 10, 110, 10.1186/1471-2474-10-110 · DOI
  76. Snow, 2000, Long-term exercise using weighted vests prevents hip bone loss in postmenopausal women, Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55, M489, 10.1093/gerona/55.9.M489 · DOI
  77. Song, 2010, A randomized study of the effects of t'ai chi on muscle strength, bone mineral density, and fear of falling in women with osteoarthritis, Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16, 227, 10.1089/acm.2009.0165 · DOI
  78. Tolomio, 2008, Short-term adapted physical activity program improves bone quality in osteopenic/osteoporotic postmenopausal women, Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 5, 844, 10.1123/jpah.5.6.844 · DOI
  79. Uusi-Rasi, 2005, Determinants of changes in bone mass and femoral neck structure, and physical performance after menopause: a 9-year follow-up of initially peri-menopausal women, Osteoporosis International, 16, 616, 10.1007/s00198-004-1724-0 · DOI
  80. Villareal, 2003, Effects of exercise training added to ongoing hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in frail elderly women, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 985, 10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.51312.x · DOI
  81. White, 1984, The effects of exercise on the bones of postmenopausal women, International Orthopaedics, 7, 209, 10.1007/BF00266829 · DOI
  82. Xu, 2004, A study on Tai Ji exercise and traditional Chinese medical modalities in relation to bone structure, bone function and menopausal symptoms, Journal of Chinese Medicine, 74, 10
  83. Yamazaki, 2004, Effect of walking exercise on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women with osteopenia/osteoporosis, Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 22, 500, 10.1007/s00774-004-0514-2 · DOI
  84. Ilinca, 2010, The role of high - impact exercises in improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis, Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 27, 110
  85. Karaarslan, 2010, Effects of different intensity resistance exercise programs on bone turnover markers, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa ligand in post-menopausal women, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 30, 123, 10.5336/medsci.2008-8721 · DOI
  86. Kemmler, 2004, Optimization of bone anabolic exercise in early postmenopausal women according to results from animal and athletic studies, Osteologie, 13, 65, 10.1024/1019-1291.13.2.65 · DOI
  87. Wayne, 2010, Tai Chi for osteopenic women: design and rationale of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 11, 40, 10.1186/1471-2474-11-40 · DOI
  88. Ammann, 2003, Bone strength and its determinants, Osteoporosis International, 14 Suppl 3, 13, 10.1007/s00198-002-1345-4 · DOI · Paper page
  89. Berard, 1997, Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of physical activity for the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women, Osteoporosis International, 7, 331, 10.1007/BF01623773 · DOI
  90. Bessette, 2008, The care gap in diagnosis and treatment of women with a fragility fracture, Osteoporosis International, 19, 79, 10.1007/s00198-007-0426-9 · DOI · Paper page
  91. Bonaiuti, 2002, Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD000333 · DOI · Paper page
  92. Consensus Development Conference, 1991, Propylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis, Osteoporosis International, 1, 114, 10.1007/BF01880454 · DOI
  93. Cooper, 1993, The epidemiology of fragility fractures: is there a role for bone quality?, Calcified Tissue International, 53, S23, 10.1007/BF01673397 · DOI
  94. O'Donnell, 2006, Strontium ranelate for preventing and treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD005326.pub3 · DOI
  95. Deeks, 1998, Odds ratios should be used only in case-control studies and logistic regression analysis (letter), BMJ, 317, 1115
  96. Deeks JJ Higgins JPT Altman DG (editors) Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org
  97. Dickersin, 1994, Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews, BMJ, 309, 1286, 10.1136/bmj.309.6964.1286 · DOI · Paper page
  98. Haguenauer, 2000, Fluoride for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD002825 · DOI
  99. Haynes, 1994, Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound studies in MEDLINE, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 1, 447, 10.1136/jamia.1994.95153434 · DOI · Paper page
  100. Hind, 2007, Weight-bearing exercise and bone mineral accrual in children and adolescents: a review of controlled trials, Bone, 40, 14, 10.1016/j.bone.2006.07.006 · DOI · Paper page
  101. Marshall, 1996, Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures, BMJ, 312, 1254, 10.1136/bmj.312.7041.1254 · DOI · Paper page
  102. Mayoux-Benhamou, 1997, Effect of Ppsoas training on postmenopausal lumbar bone loss: a 3-year follow-up study, Calcified Tissue International, 60, 348, 10.1007/s002239900241 · DOI
  103. Papaioannou, 2010, 2010 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada: summary, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 182, 1829, 10.1503/cmaj.100771 · DOI · Paper page
  104. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan). 2011
  105. Robling, 2002, Shorter, more frequent mechanical loading sessions enhance bone mass, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 196, 10.1097/00005768-200202000-00003 · DOI
  106. Schmitt, 2009, The role of physical activity in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women-An update, Maturitas, 63, 34, 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.03.002 · DOI
  107. Schünemann HJ Oxman AD Higgins JPT Vist GE Glasziou P Guyatt GH Chapter 11: Presenting results and 'Summary of findings' tables In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011 Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org
  108. Taaffe, 1997, High-impact exercise promotes bone gain in well-trained female athletes, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 12, 255, 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.2.255 · DOI · Paper page
  109. Wayne, 2007, The effects of Tai Chi on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: A systematic review, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 88, 673, 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.02.012 · DOI · Paper page
  110. Wells, 2008, Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD001155.pub2 · DOI · Paper page
  111. Wells, 2008, Etidronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD003376.pub3 · DOI · Paper page
  112. Wells, 2008, Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.1002/14651858.CD004523.pub3 · DOI
  113. Report of a WHO Study Group, 1994, Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis, World Health Organization Technical Report Series, 843, 1
  114. Winett, 2001, Potential health related benefits of resistance training, Preventative Medicine, 33, 503, 10.1006/pmed.2001.0909 · DOI · Paper page
  115. Wolff, 1999, The effect of exercise training programs on bone mass: a meta-analysis of published controlled trials in pre- and postmenopausal women, Osteoporosis International, 9, 1, 10.1007/s001980050109 · DOI · Paper page
  116. Zebaze, 2010, Intracortical remodelling and porosity in the distal radius and post-mortem femurs of women: a cross-sectional study, The Lancet, 375, 1729, 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60320-0. · DOI · Paper page
  117. Zerwekh, 1998, The effects of twelve eeks of bed rest on bone histology, biochemical markers of bone turnover, and calcium homeostasis in eleven normal subjects, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 13, 1594–1601, 10.1359/jbmr.1998.13.10.1594 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 1,083

Metadata

Authors
Howe, T. E., Shea, B., Dawson, L. J., Downie, F., Murray, A., Ross, C., Harbour, R. T., Caldwell, L. M., & Creed, G.
Venue
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-07-06
Volume
2011
Issue
7
Pages
CD000333-CD000333
ISSN
  • 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
  • 1465-1858
DOI
10.1002/14651858.cd000333.pub2
OpenAlex
W1493278628
Cited by
1,083
References
9
FWCI
66.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/14651858.cd000333.pub2
The paper
Howe, T. E., Shea, B., Dawson, L. J., Downie, F., Murray, A., Ross, C., Harbour, R. T., Caldwell, L. M., & Creed, G. (2011). Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000333.pub2

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.