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Group-based parent-training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in children from birth to three years old
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BACKGROUND: Emotional and behavioural problems in children are common. Research suggests that parenting has an important role to play in helping children to become well-adjusted, and that the first few months and years are especially important. Parenting programmes may have a role to play in improving the emotional and behavioural adjustment of infants and toddlers. This review is applicable to parents and carers of children up to three years eleven months although some studies included children up to five years old. OBJECTIVES: To:a) establish whether group-based parenting programmes are effective in improving the emotional and behavioural adjustment of children three years of age or less (i.e. maximum mean age of 3 years 11 months); b) assess the role of parenting programmes in the primary prevention of emotional and behavioural problems. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Sociofile, Social Science Citation Index, ASSIA, National Research Register (NRR) and ERIC. The searches were originally run in 2000 and then updated in 2007/8. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials of group-based parenting programmes that had used at least one standardised instrument to measure emotional and behavioural adjustment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The results for each outcome in each study have been presented, with 95% confidence intervals. Where appropriate the results have been combined in a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Eight studies were included in the review. There were sufficient data from six studies to combine the results in a meta-analysis for parent-reports and from three studies to combine the results for independent assessments of children's behaviour post-intervention. There was in addition, sufficient information from three studies to conduct a meta-analysis of both parent-report and independent follow-up data. Both parent-report (SMD -0.25; CI -0.45 to -0.06), and independent observations (SMD -0.54; CI -0.84 to -0.23) of children's behaviour produce significant results favouring the intervention group post-intervention. A meta-analysis of follow-up data indicates a significant result favouring the intervention group for parent-reports (SMD -0.28; CI -0.51 to -0.04) but a non-significant result favouring the intervention group for independent observations (SMD -0.19; CI -0.42, 0.05). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review provide some support for the use of group-based parenting programmes to improve the emotional and behavioural adjustment of children with a maximum mean age of three years eleven months. There is, insufficient evidence to reach firm conclusions regarding the role that such programmes might play in the primary prevention of such problems. There are also limited data available concerning the long-term effectiveness of these programmes. Further research is needed.
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“Traditional behavioural or skills-based parent training approaches are widely implemented evidencebased interventions that have demonstrated efficacy across a range of parent and child outcomes, and different cultural contexts (Barlow 2010;Barlow 2012;Barlow 2018;Dretze 2005;Furlong 2012;Gardner 2016;Piquero 2008).”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Barlow 2010
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“Evidence from systematic reviews of parenting programmes demonstrates that they can improve the emotional and behavioural adjustment of children (Barlow 2010;Barlow 2018;Dretze 2005), and such programmes can also significantly improve a range of aspects of parental mental health, including anxiety, depression, and self-esteem (Barlow 2012;Barlow 2018).”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Barlow 2010
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“Evidence from systematic reviews of parenting programmes demonstrates that they can improve the emotional and behavioural adjustment of children (Barlow 2010;Barlow 2018;Dretze 2005)”
From Mindfulness-enhanced parenting programmes for improving the psychosocial outcomes of children (0 to 18 years) and their parents (2024) · cites this paper as Barlow 2010
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Metadata
- Authors
- Barlow, J., Smailagic, N., Ferriter, M., Bennett, C., & Jones, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
- Published
- 2010-03-17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- CD003680-CD003680
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4164454
- OpenAlex
- W1631244529
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
- Type
- reference entry
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- new_version (2016-08-01)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (PB-PG-0407-13232)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Health and Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- parent training, infants and toddlers, early childhood, primary prevention, child emotional problems, child behavior problems, parent report, intervention effectiveness, follow-up outcomes, parent-child interaction, parent-child attachment, parent-child communication, parent-child bonding
- MeSH terms
- Child Behavior Disorders, Child Development, Child Rearing, Child, Preschool, Emotions, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Mental Health, Program Evaluation, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Parenting, Infant Behavior
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