CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 442Obesity, Physical Activity, DietEating Disorders and BehaviorsObesity and Health Practices

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 118 of the 118 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity

Shaw, Kelly A, O'Rourke, Peter, Del Mar, Chris, Kenardy, Justin·2005·Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd003818.pub2
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are global health problems which are increasing throughout the industrialised world. If left unchecked, they will continue to contribute to the ever increasing noncommunicable disease burden. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of psychological interventions for overweight or obesity as a means of achieving sustained weight loss. SEARCH STRATEGY: Studies were obtained from searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases. The date of the latest search was June 2003. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials were included if the fulfilled the following criteria: 1) they were randomised controlled clinical trials of a psychological intervention versus a comparison intervention, 2) one of the outcome measures of the study was weight change measured by any method, 3) participants were followed for at least three months, 4) the study participants were adults (18 years or older) who were overweight or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m(2)) at baseline. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two people independently applied the inclusion criteria to the studies identified and assessed study quality. Disagreement was resolved by discussion or by intervention of a third party. Meta-analyses were performed using a fixed effect model. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, 3495 participants were evaluated. The majority of studies assessed behavioural and cognitive-behavioural weight reduction strategies. Cognitive therapy, psychotherapy, relaxation therapy and hypnotherapy were assessed in a small number of studies. Behaviour therapy was found to result in significantly greater weight reductions than placebo when assessed as a stand-alone weight loss strategy (WMD -2.5 kg; 95% CI -1.7 to -3.3). When behaviour therapy was combined with a diet / exercise approach and compared with diet / exercise alone, the combined intervention resulted in a greater weight reduction. Studies were heterogeneous however the majority of studies favoured combining behaviour therapy with dietary and exercise interventions to improve weight loss. Increasing the intensity of the behavioural intervention significantly increased the weight reduction (WMD -2.3 kg; 95% CI -1.4 to - 3.3). Cognitive-behaviour therapy, when combined with a diet / exercise intervention, was found to increase weight loss compared with diet / exercise alone (WMD -4.9 kg; 95% CI -7.3 to - 2.4). No data on mortality, morbidity or quality of life were found. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: People who are overweight or obese benefit from psychological interventions, particularly behavioural and cognitive-behavioural strategies, to enhance weight reduction. They are predominantly useful when combined with dietary and exercise strategies. The bulk of the evidence supports the use of behavioural and cognitive-behavioural strategies. Other psychological interventions are less rigorously evaluated for their efficacy as weight loss treatments.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/14651858.cd003818.pub2This paper is marked retracted.

Cites

118 of 118 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 12

  1. Baron, 1998, Psychology
  2. 2001, National Physical Activity Guidelines for Australians
  3. Douketis, 1999, Periodic health examination, 1999 update: 1. Detection, prevention and treatment of obesity, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 160, 513
  4. French, 1994, Sex differences among participants in a weight-control program, Addictive Behaviors, 19, 147, 10.1016/0306-4603(94)90039-6 · DOI
  5. Karlsson, 1997, Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS): An intervention study of obesity. Four year follow-up of weight loss and quality of life, International Journal of Obesity, 21, s122
  6. Klesges, 1984, Personality and obesity: global versus specific measures, Behaviour Therapy, 6, 319
  7. Lester, 1994, Australia's Food and Nutrition
  8. 1980, 1979 Build Society
  9. Narbro, 1997, Sick-leave and disability pension before and after treatment of obesity, International Journal of Obesity, 21, s24
  10. 1997, Acting on Australia's Weight: a strategic plan for the prevention of overweight and obesity
  11. 1993, National Health Survey
  12. 1998, Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic: Report of a WHO Expert Committee

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 442

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Shaw, K. A., O'Rourke, P., Del Mar, C., & Kenardy, J.
Affiliations
  • Department of Health and Human Services (AU)
  • The University of Queensland (AU)
ORCID
Venue
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Published
2005-04-20
Issue
2
Pages
CD003818-CD003818
ISSN
1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/14651858.cd003818.pub2
OpenAlex
W2126635496
Cited by
442
References
114
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 30
Type
reference entry
Language
en
Status
Retracted
Update notices
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Bond University Research Portal (Bond University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
Keywords
obesity, overweight, psychological intervention, weight loss, behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, diet and exercise, hypnotherapy, relaxation training, psychotherapy, non-communicable diseases, intervention intensity, combined diet and exercise intervention, placebo comparison, adults, quality of evidence, heterogeneity of results, risk of bias, publication bias, small sample bias
MeSH terms
Adult, Body Weight, Humans, Obesity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review