Investigating and Dealing with Publication and Other Biases

Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test

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Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias

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Trim and Fill: A Simple Funnel‐Plot–Based Method of Testing and Adjusting for Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis

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The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.

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Untitled work

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Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses?

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Publication bias in clinical research

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A Nonparametric “Trim and Fill” Method of Accounting for Publication Bias in Meta-Analysis

Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2000.10473905 · Cited by 2,955 · see citing works

Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis: Prevention, Assessment and Adjustments

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Publication and related bias in meta-analysis

Sterne, J. A. C., Gavaghan, D., & Egger, M. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00242-0 · Cited by 2,282 · see citing works

Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: Definition and operational criteria

Prentice, R. L. (1989) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780080407 · Cited by 2,057 · see citing works

Comprehensive geriatric assessment: a meta-analysis of controlled trials

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ISIS-4: A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58 050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction

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Surrogate End Points in Clinical Trials: Are We Being Misled?

Fleming, T. R., & DeMets, D. L. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00011 · Cited by 1,651 · see citing works

Summing Up

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Empirical assessment of effect of publication bias on meta-analyses

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Language bias in randomised controlled trials published in English and German

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Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials

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Factors influencing publication of research results. Follow-up of applications submitted to two institutional review boards.

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Publication bias: evidence of delayed publication in a cohort study of clinical research projects

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Publication bias—a problem in interpreting medical data

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Uses of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research.

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Impact of covert duplicate publication on meta-analysis: a case study

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A note on graphical presentation of estimated odds ratios from several clinical trials

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Effect of Reduced Dietary Sodium on Blood Pressure

Midgley, J. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530440070039 · Cited by 544 · see citing works

Cholesterol lowering and mortality: the importance of considering initial level of risk.

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An evidence based approach to individualising treatment

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Selection Models and the File Drawer Problem

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A general linear model for estimating effect size in the presence of publication bias

Vevea, J. L., & Hedges, L. (1995) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02294384 · Cited by 367 · see citing works

Modeling Publication Selection Effects in Meta-Analysis

Hedges, L. V. (1992) · Statistical Science · doi:10.1214/ss/1177011364 · Cited by 359 · see citing works

Cholesterol lowering trials in coronary heart disease: Frequency of citation and outcome.

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"High-dilution" experiments a delusion

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Reference bias in reports of drug trials.

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An Approach for Assessing Publication Bias Prior to Performing a Meta-Analysis

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What Works?: Selectivity Models and Meta-Analysis

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Who benefits from medical interventions?

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Publication bias in meta-analysis: a Bayesian data-augmentation approach to account for issues exemplified in the passive smoking debate

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Controversies in meta-analysis: the case of the trials of serum cholesterol reduction

Thompson, S. G. (1993) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/096228029300200205 · Cited by 118 · see citing works

Multiple publication of reports of drug trials.

G�tzsche, P. C. (1989) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00558064 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Homoeopathy trials: going nowhere

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Practical estimates of the effect of publication bias in meta- analysis

Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. L. (1998) · Australasian epidemiologist · Cited by 86 · see citing works

CD4 cell count as a surrogate endpoint in HIV clinical trials

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Reanalysis of epidemiological evidence on lung cancer and passive smoking

Copas, J. B. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7232.417 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Cholesterol reduction and its impact on coronary artery disease and total mortality

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Infarct size and magnesium: insights into LIMIT-2 and ISIS-4 from experimental studies

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Factors affecting the comparability of meta-analyses and largest trials results in perinatology

Villar, J., Piaggio, G. G., Carroli, G., & Donner, A. P. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00148-0 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Regression analysis of discrete time survival data under heterogeneity

Xue, X., & Brookmeyer, R. (1997) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19970915)16:17 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Trials of homoeopathy

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Magnesium in acute myocardial infarction

Collins, R., & Peto, R. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)26004-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: a comparison of methods

Thompson, S. G., & Sharp, S. J. (1999) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19991030)18:20

Systematic reviews in the social sciences: a practical guide

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Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis

Sterne, J. A. C., & Egger, M. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00377-8 · Cited by 3,779 · see citing works

How should meta‐regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted?

Thompson, S. G., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1187 · Cited by 3,026 · see citing works

The Essential Guide to Effect Sizes: Statistical Power, Meta-Analysis, and the Interpretation of Research Results

Ellis, P. D. (2010) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511761676 · Cited by 2,461 · see citing works

Investigating and dealing with publication and other biases in meta-analysis

Sterne, J. A. C., Egger, M., & Smith, G. D. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7304.101 · Cited by 2,225 · see citing works

The case of the misleading funnel plot

Lau, J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Terrin, N., Schmid, C. H., & Olkin, I. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7568.597 · Cited by 1,766 · see citing works

Depression and Risk for Alzheimer Disease: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Metaregression Analysis

Ownby, R. L., Crocco, E., Acevedo, A., John, V., & Loewenstein, D. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.530 · Cited by 1,493 · see citing works

Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review

Curtis, V., & Cairncross, S. (2003) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(03)00606-6 · Cited by 1,208 · see citing works

Screening for prostate cancer

Ilić, D., Neuberger, M. M., Djulbegovic, M., & Dahm, P. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004720.pub3 · Cited by 1,219 · see citing works

How important are comprehensive literature searches and the assessment of trial quality in systematic reviews? Empirical study

Egger, M., Jüni, P., Bartlett, C., Holenstein, F., & Sterne, J. (2003) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta7010 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works

Effects of beverage alcohol price and tax levels on drinking: a meta‐analysis of 1003 estimates from 112 studies

Wagenaar, A. C., Salois, M. J., & Komro, K. A. (2009) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02438.x · Cited by 1,128 · see citing works

Marital quality and personal well-being: a meta- analysis

Proulx, C. M., Helms, H. M., & Buehler, C. (2007) · Journal of Marriage and Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00393.x · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works

Adjusting for publication bias in the presence of heterogeneity

Terrin, N., Schmid, C. H., Lau, J., & Olkin, I. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1461 · Cited by 809 · see citing works

Effect of modest salt reduction on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Implications for public health

He, F. J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2002) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001459 · Cited by 810 · see citing works

Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure

He, F. J., Li, J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004937.pub2 · Cited by 737 · see citing works

Funnel plots in meta-analysis

Sterne, J. A. C., & Harbord, R. M. (2004) · The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x0400400204 · Cited by 708 · see citing works

LITERATURE SEARCHING FOR RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS USED IN COCHRANE REVIEWS: RAPID VERSUS EXHAUSTIVE SEARCHES

Royle, P., & Milne, R. (2003) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462303000552 · Cited by 693 · see citing works

The Persistence of Underpowered Studies in Psychological Research: Causes, Consequences, and Remedies.

Maxwell, S. E. (2004) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.9.2.147 · Cited by 655 · see citing works

Effects of Alcohol Tax and Price Policies on Morbidity and Mortality: A Systematic Review

Wagenaar, A. C., Tobler, A. L., & Komro, K. A. (2010) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.186007 · Cited by 570 · see citing works

Physical Activity and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Monninkhof, E. M., Elias, S. G., Vlems, F. A., van der Tweel, I., Schuit, A. J., Voskuil, D. W., & van Leeuwen, F. E. (2007) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/01.ede.0000251167.75581.98 · Cited by 503 · see citing works

In an empirical evaluation of the funnel plot, researchers could not visually identify publication bias

Terrin, N. C., Schmid, C. H., & Lau, J. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.01.006 · Cited by 493 · see citing works

Asymmetric funnel plots and publication bias in meta-analyses of diagnostic accuracy

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Acetylcysteine for prevention of contrast nephropathy: meta-analysis

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Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence

Anderson, C. A., Omar, M. I., Campbell, S. E., Hunter, K. F., Cody, J. D., & Glazener, C. M. A. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001843.pub5 · Cited by 473 · see citing works

Does inhibitory control training improve health behaviour? A meta-analysis

Allom, V., Mullan, B. A., & Hagger, M. S. (2015) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2015.1051078 · Cited by 406 · see citing works

Accuracy of Hysteroscopy in the Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer and Hyperplasia

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Systematic Review Evaluating the Timing of Thoracic Radiation Therapy in Combined Modality Therapy for Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Fried, D. B., Morris, D. E., Poole, C., Rosenman, J. G., Halle, J. S., Detterbeck, F. C., Hensing, T. A., & Socinski, M. A. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2004.01.178 · Cited by 391 · see citing works

Long-term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight

Padwal, R. S., Rucker, D., Li, S. K., Curioni, C., & Lau, D. C. (2003) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004094.pub2 · Cited by 384 · see citing works

Effect of iron supplementation on mental and motor development in children: systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Sachdev, H., Gera, T., & Nestel, P. (2005) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2004677 · Cited by 378 · see citing works

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin

Malanda, U. L., Welschen, L. M., Riphagen, I. I., Dekker, J. M., Nijpels, G., & Bot, S. D. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005060.pub3 · Cited by 358 · see citing works

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Winquist, E., KIRCHNER, T. S., SEGAL, R. J., Chin, J. L., Lukka, H. R., & on behalf of the GENITOURINARY CANCER DISEASE SITE GROUP OF CANCER CARE ONTARIO PROGRAM IN EVIDENCE-BASED CARE PRACTICE GUIDELINES INITIATIVE (2004) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000090967.08622.33 · Cited by 359 · see citing works

Failure rates and associated risk factors of orthodontic miniscrew implants: A meta-analysis

Papageorgiou, S. N., Zogakis, I. P., & Papadopoulos, M. A. A. P. (2012) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.05.016 · Cited by 366 · see citing works

Tuberculosis among Health Care Workers

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Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on depressed mood

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Long-term pharmacotherapy for overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Systematic reviews and meta-analyses: an illustrated, step-by-step guide.

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Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Taylor, F., Huffman, M. D., Macedo, A. F., Moore, T. H., Burke, M., Davey Smith, G., Ward, K., Ebrahim, S., & Gay, H. C. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004816.pub5 · Cited by 1,934 · see citing works

Computer-based diabetes self-management interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pal, K., Eastwood, S. V., Michie, S., Farmer, A. J., Barnard, M. L., Peacock, R., Wood, B., Inniss, J. D., & Murray, E. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008776.pub2 · Cited by 344 · see citing works

Short stature is associated with coronary heart disease: a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis

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What is the Relationship Between Exercise and Metabolic Abnormalities?

Carroll, S., & Dudfield, M. (2004) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200434060-00004 · Cited by 328 · see citing works

Exercise or exercise and diet for preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus

Orozco, L. J., Buchleitner, A. M., Giménez‐Pérez, G., Figuls, M. R. I., Richter, B., & Mauricio, D. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003054.pub3 · Cited by 328 · see citing works

A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy

Ernst, E. (2002) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01699.x · Cited by 324 · see citing works

Effect of iron supplementation on incidence of infectious illness in children: systematic review

Gera, T., & Sachdev, H. P. S. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7373.1142 · Cited by 311 · see citing works

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Personality traits, empathy and bullying behavior: A meta-analytic approach

Mitsopoulou, E., & Giovazolias, T. (2015) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.01.007 · Cited by 307 · see citing works

Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Taylor, F. C., Ward, K. J., Moore, T. H., Burke, M., Smith, G. D., Casas, J. P., & Ebrahim, S. B. J. (2011) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004816.pub4 · Cited by 305 · see citing works

Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure

He, F. J., & MacGregor, G. A. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004937 · Cited by 302 · see citing works

Is birth weight a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in later life?

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Breastfeeding in Infancy and Blood Pressure in Later Life: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Systematic reviews of the effectiveness of quality improvement strategies and programmes

Grimshaw, J. (2003) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/qhc.12.4.298 · Cited by 290 · see citing works

Interventions for improving adherence to treatment recommendations in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Effect of smoke-free legislation on perinatal and child health: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Been, J. V., Nurmatov, U. B., Cox, B., Nawrot, T. S., van Schayck, O. C. P., & Sheikh, A. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60082-9 · Cited by 269 · see citing works

School-based prevention for illicit drugs' use

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School-based prevention for illicit drugs use: A systematic review

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The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Therapies for ADHD: A Meta-Analytic Review

Cairncross, M., & Miller, C. J. (2016) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715625301 · Cited by 258 · see citing works

The effectiveness of five strategies for the prevention of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: systematic review

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Review of methodology of quantitative reviews using meta‐analysis in ecology

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