CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 122Food composition and propertiesNutritional Studies and DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 120 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Low glycaemic index diets for coronary heart disease

Open access
Kelly, Sarah AM, Frost, Gary, Whittaker, Victoria, Summerbell, Carolyn D·2004·Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd004467.pub2
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The glycaemic index (GI) is a physiological measure of the ability of a carbohydrate to affect blood glucose. Interest is growing in the low GI carbohydrate concept for the clinical management of people at risk of, or with established coronary heart disease. There is a need to review the current evidence from controlled trials in this area. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to review the current evidence from RCTs that assess the relationship between the consumption of low glycaemic index diets and the effects on coronary heart disease and on risk factors for coronary heart disease. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL (Issue 4, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to 2003), EMBASE (1980 to 2003) and CINAHL (1982 to 2003). We also contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of low glycaemic index diets, over a minimum of 4 weeks, on coronary heart disease (CHD) and risk factors. Participants included were adults who carry at least one major risk factor for coronary heart disease such as abnormal lipids, diabetes or being overweight. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two of our research team independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Authors of the included studies were contacted for additional information when this was appropriate. MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. No studies found reported the effect of low glycaemic index diets on CHD mortality or CHD events and morbidity. All fifteen included studies report the effect of low glycaemic index diets on major risk factors for CHD. Meta-analysis detected limited and weak evidence of a relationship between low glycaemic index diets and slightly lower total cholesterol, compared with higher glycaemic index diets. There is also limited and weak evidence of a small reduction in HbA1c after 12 weeks on low glycaemic index diets but not at 4 to 5 weeks. There is no evidence that low glycaemic index diets have an effect on LDL cholesterol or HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose or fasting insulin levels. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from randomised controlled trials showing that low glycaemic index diets reduces coronary heart disease and CHD risk factors is weak. Many of the trials identified were short-term, of poor quality and conducted on small sample sizes. There is a need for well designed, adequately powered, randomised controlled studies, of greater than 12 weeks duration to assess the effects of low glycaemic index diets for CHD.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/14651858.cd004467.pub2

Cites

117 of 117 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 120 references

Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. Kabir, 1999, Chronic effects of a low glycemic index starch breakfast on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic men: results of a controlled study, Diabetes, 48, A461
  2. Komindr, 2001, Effect of long-term intake of Asian food with different glycaemic indices on diabetic control and protein conservation in type 2 diabetic patients, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 84, 85
  3. Huet, 2001, Metabolic effects of chronic low glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetes, Diabetes, 50, A367
  4. Taghrid, 2003, Improvement of glycemic control and plasma lipid levels by chronic low glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetes, Diabetes, 52, A72
  5. Chanteleau, 1985, Importance of the glycaemic index of carbohydrate-containing foods for metabolic control of type 1 diabetics under insulin pump therapy, Axthelle Ernahringrsmedizin Klinik und Praxis, 10, 236
  6. Collier, 1988, Low glycaemic index starchy foods improve glucose control and lower serum cholesterol in diabetic children, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, 1, 11
  7. Fontvieille, 1988, A moderate switch from high to low glycaemic-index foods for 3 weeks improves the metabolic control of Type I (IDDM) diabetic subjects, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, 1, 139
  8. Laitinen, 1995, Impact of intensified dietary therapy on energy and nutrient intakes and fatty acid composition of serum lipids in patients with recently diagnosed non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Spectrum, 8, 102
  9. Lerman-Garber, 1995, Response to high carbohydrate and high monounsaturated fat diets in hypertriglyceridemic non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with poor glycemic control, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, 8, 339
  10. Scholz, 2003, Glycemic index and insulin dosage on intensive insulin therapy, Interistische Praxis, 43, 389
  11. Carter, 1999, Health of older people: disease prevalence, prescription and referral rates, England and Wales, 1996, Health Statistics Quarterly, 9
  12. 1998, Carbohydrates in human nutrition (FAO Food and Nutrition Paper - 66) (Expert consultation 1997 Apr : Rome)
  13. JAMA Author Instructions: Système International (SI) Conversion Factors for Selected Laboratory Components http://jama.ama-assn.org/misc/auinst_si.dtl [accessed on 19 July 2004] 2004
  14. 1999, OHE Compendium of Health Statistics
  15. Wolever, 1988, Metabolic response to test meals containing different carbohydrate foods. 1. Relationship between rate of digestion and plasma insulin, Nutrition Reviews, 8, 573

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–122 of 122

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Kelly, S. A., Frost, G., Whittaker, V., & Summerbell, C. D.
Affiliations
  • Newcastle University (GB)
  • Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
  • Teesside University (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Published
2004-10-18
Issue
4
Pages
CD004467-CD004467
ISSN
1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/14651858.cd004467.pub2
OpenAlex
W1948043424
Cited by
122
References
120
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
Type
reference entry
Language
en
Update notices
new_version (2017-07-31)
Open access
Locations
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
  • Teesside University Research Portal (Teesside University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
low glycemic index diet, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors, total cholesterol, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, blood glucose, dietary carbohydrates, diabetes mellitus, overweight, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease mortality
MeSH terms
Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fasting, Humans, Glycemic Index

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review