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Cited by 122Food composition and propertiesNutritional Studies and DietDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

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Low glycaemic index diets for coronary heart disease

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Kelly, Sarah AM, Frost, Gary, Whittaker, Victoria, Summerbell, Carolyn D·2004·Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd004467.pub2
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The glycaemic index (GI) is a physiological measure of the ability of a carbohydrate to affect blood glucose. Interest is growing in the low GI carbohydrate concept for the clinical management of people at risk of, or with established coronary heart disease. There is a need to review the current evidence from controlled trials in this area. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to review the current evidence from RCTs that assess the relationship between the consumption of low glycaemic index diets and the effects on coronary heart disease and on risk factors for coronary heart disease. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL (Issue 4, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to 2003), EMBASE (1980 to 2003) and CINAHL (1982 to 2003). We also contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of low glycaemic index diets, over a minimum of 4 weeks, on coronary heart disease (CHD) and risk factors. Participants included were adults who carry at least one major risk factor for coronary heart disease such as abnormal lipids, diabetes or being overweight. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two of our research team independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Authors of the included studies were contacted for additional information when this was appropriate. MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. No studies found reported the effect of low glycaemic index diets on CHD mortality or CHD events and morbidity. All fifteen included studies report the effect of low glycaemic index diets on major risk factors for CHD. Meta-analysis detected limited and weak evidence of a relationship between low glycaemic index diets and slightly lower total cholesterol, compared with higher glycaemic index diets. There is also limited and weak evidence of a small reduction in HbA1c after 12 weeks on low glycaemic index diets but not at 4 to 5 weeks. There is no evidence that low glycaemic index diets have an effect on LDL cholesterol or HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose or fasting insulin levels. REVIEWERS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from randomised controlled trials showing that low glycaemic index diets reduces coronary heart disease and CHD risk factors is weak. Many of the trials identified were short-term, of poor quality and conducted on small sample sizes. There is a need for well designed, adequately powered, randomised controlled studies, of greater than 12 weeks duration to assess the effects of low glycaemic index diets for CHD.

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. Kabir, 1999, Chronic effects of a low glycemic index starch breakfast on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic men: results of a controlled study, Diabetes, 48, A461
  2. Komindr, 2001, Effect of long-term intake of Asian food with different glycaemic indices on diabetic control and protein conservation in type 2 diabetic patients, Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 84, 85
  3. Huet, 2001, Metabolic effects of chronic low glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetes, Diabetes, 50, A367
  4. Taghrid, 2003, Improvement of glycemic control and plasma lipid levels by chronic low glycemic index diet in type 2 diabetes, Diabetes, 52, A72
  5. Chanteleau, 1985, Importance of the glycaemic index of carbohydrate-containing foods for metabolic control of type 1 diabetics under insulin pump therapy, Axthelle Ernahringrsmedizin Klinik und Praxis, 10, 236
  6. Collier, 1988, Low glycaemic index starchy foods improve glucose control and lower serum cholesterol in diabetic children, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, 1, 11
  7. Fontvieille, 1988, A moderate switch from high to low glycaemic-index foods for 3 weeks improves the metabolic control of Type I (IDDM) diabetic subjects, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, 1, 139
  8. Laitinen, 1995, Impact of intensified dietary therapy on energy and nutrient intakes and fatty acid composition of serum lipids in patients with recently diagnosed non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Spectrum, 8, 102
  9. Lerman-Garber, 1995, Response to high carbohydrate and high monounsaturated fat diets in hypertriglyceridemic non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with poor glycemic control, Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, 8, 339
  10. Scholz, 2003, Glycemic index and insulin dosage on intensive insulin therapy, Interistische Praxis, 43, 389
  11. Carter, 1999, Health of older people: disease prevalence, prescription and referral rates, England and Wales, 1996, Health Statistics Quarterly, 9
  12. 1998, Carbohydrates in human nutrition (FAO Food and Nutrition Paper - 66) (Expert consultation 1997 Apr : Rome)
  13. JAMA Author Instructions: Système International (SI) Conversion Factors for Selected Laboratory Components http://jama.ama-assn.org/misc/auinst_si.dtl [accessed on 19 July 2004] 2004
  14. 1999, OHE Compendium of Health Statistics
  15. Wolever, 1988, Metabolic response to test meals containing different carbohydrate foods. 1. Relationship between rate of digestion and plasma insulin, Nutrition Reviews, 8, 573

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Metadata

Authors
Kelly, S. A., Frost, G., Whittaker, V., & Summerbell, C. D.
Affiliations
  • Newcastle University (GB)
  • Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
  • Teesside University (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Published
2004-10-18
Issue
4
Pages
CD004467-CD004467
ISSN
1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/14651858.cd004467.pub2
OpenAlex
W1948043424
Cited by
122
References
120
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
Type
reference entry
Language
en
Update notices
new_version (2017-07-31)
Open access
Locations
  • Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion)
  • Teesside University Research Portal (Teesside University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
low glycemic index diet, coronary artery disease, cardiovascular risk factors, total cholesterol, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, blood glucose, dietary carbohydrates, diabetes mellitus, overweight, dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease mortality
MeSH terms
Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fasting, Humans, Glycemic Index

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