The DOI matches its Crossref record; 372 of the 372 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interglacials of the last 800,000 years
Open accessAbstract
Interglacials, including the present (Holocene) period, are warm, low land ice extent (high sea level), end‐members of glacial cycles. Based on a sea level definition, we identify eleven interglacials in the last 800,000 years, a result that is robust to alternative definitions. Data compilations suggest that despite spatial heterogeneity, Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5e (last interglacial) and 11c (~400 ka ago) were globally strong (warm), while MIS 13a (~500 ka ago) was cool at many locations. A step change in strength of interglacials at 450 ka is apparent only in atmospheric CO 2 and in Antarctic and deep ocean temperature. The onset of an interglacial (glacial termination) seems to require a reducing precession parameter (increasing Northern Hemisphere summer insolation), but this condition alone is insufficient. Terminations involve rapid, nonlinear, reactions of ice volume, CO 2 , and temperature to external astronomical forcing. The precise timing of events may be modulated by millennial‐scale climate change that can lead to a contrasting timing of maximum interglacial intensity in each hemisphere. A variety of temporal trends is observed, such that maxima in the main records are observed either early or late in different interglacials. The end of an interglacial (glacial inception) is a slower process involving a global sequence of changes. Interglacials have been typically 10–30 ka long. The combination of minimal reduction in northern summer insolation over the next few orbital cycles, owing to low eccentricity, and high atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations implies that the next glacial inception is many tens of millennia in the future.
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“The stability and characteristic range of variability of interglacial Earth system states in Pleistocene paleoclimate (19) and Earth system modeling (20) suggest that Earth system would likely remain in a stable, Holocene-like state if all boundaries were respected despite their being at least temporarily outside the envelope of Holocene variability.”
From Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries (2023) · cites this paper as [19]
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Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries
Richardson, K., Steffen, W., Lucht, W., Bendtsen, J., Cornell, S. E., Donges, J. F., Drüke, M., Fetzer, I., Bala, G., von Bloh, W., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh2458 · Cited by 3,311
“The stability and characteristic range of variability of interglacial Earth system states in Pleistocene paleoclimate ( 19 ) and Earth system modeling ( 20 ) suggest that Earth system would likely remain in a stable, Holocene-like state if all boundaries were re-spected despite their being at least…”
Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene
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Metadata
- Authors
- Past Interglacials Working Group of PAGES
- Corresponding author
- Past Interglacials Working Group of PAGES
- Venue
- Reviews of Geophysics
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 162-219
- ISSN
- 0096-1043 (ISSN-L)
- 8755-1209
- 1944-9208
- OpenAlex
- W2173255646
- Cited by
- 606
- References
- 372
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 20.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Reviews of Geophysics (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Flanders Marine Institute (Flanders Marine Institute) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) (acceptedVersion)
- Department of Earth Sciences EPrints Repository (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- ARCA (Università Ca' Foscari Venezia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RENATE (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RENATE (cc-by)
- Funders
- NSF
- NERC
- The Royal Society
- F.R.S-FNRS
- SNF
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and environmental studies
- Keywords
- interglacial periods, glacial-interglacial cycles, marine isotope stages, Holocene, glacial terminations, glacial inception, orbital precession, summer insolation, atmospheric CO2, sea level, Antarctic temperature, deep ocean temperature, millennial-scale climate variability, interglacial duration
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