An early Cenozoic perspective on greenhouse warming and carbon-cycle dynamics
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Since ~34 Ma, a climate with poles covered in ice has required average global temperatures below ~20°C.
“In the Archean, any indication of polar environments from glacial rocks would suggest a relatively cool world given that since ~34 Ma, a climate with poles covered in ice has required average global temperatures below ~20°C (223).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [223]
The ‘Cenozoic greenhouse climates’ section says that only over the past 34 million years have temperatures been relatively cool and the poles glaciated. It does not give a global mean temperature threshold of ~20°C or establish that temperatures below it are required for polar ice. Page numbers are not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the Archean, any indication of polar environments from glacial rocks would suggest a relatively cool world.
“In the Archean, any indication of polar environments from glacial rocks would suggest a relatively cool world given that since ~34 Ma, a climate with poles covered in ice has required average global temperatures below ~20°C (223).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [223]
The “Cenozoic greenhouse climates” section (page unavailable) says that over the past 34 million years, temperatures were relatively cool and the poles glaciated, supporting the comparison between polar ice and a cooler climate. It does not address Archean glacial rocks or establish the claimed global-temperature threshold of approximately 20°C. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Zachos, J. C., Dickens, G. R., & Zeebe, R. E.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Rice University (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2008-01-16
- Volume
- 451
- Issue
- 7176
- Pages
- 279-283
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2055442076
- Cited by
- 3,550
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 164 · 2025: 214 · 2024: 223 · 2023: 264 · 2022: 250 · 2021: 275 · 2020: 293 · 2019: 249 · 2018: 235 · 2017: 220 · 2016: 182 · 2015: 191 · 2014: 181 · 2013: 153 · 2012: 152
- FWCI
- 63.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Rice University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Keywords
- global warming, carbon cycle, early Cenozoic, climate-carbon cycle coupling, paleoclimate, CO2 emissions, climate change prediction
- MeSH terms
- Atmosphere, Carbon, Carbon Dioxide, Human Activities, Models, Theoretical, Oceans and Seas, Temperature, Time Factors, Greenhouse Effect, Ecosystem, History, 21st Century, History, Ancient
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