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Baby, it's cold outside: Climate model simulations of the effects of the asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous
Abstract
Sixty‐six million years ago, the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction ended the reign of the dinosaurs. Flood basalt eruptions and an asteroid impact are widely discussed causes, yet their contributions remain debated. Modeling the environmental changes after the Chicxulub impact can shed light on this question. Existing studies, however, focused on the effect of dust or used one‐dimensional, noncoupled atmosphere models. Here we explore the longer‐lasting cooling due to sulfate aerosols using a coupled climate model. Depending on aerosol stratospheric residence time, global annual mean surface air temperature decreased by at least 26°C, with 3 to 16 years subfreezing temperatures and a recovery time larger than 30 years. The surface cooling triggered vigorous ocean mixing which could have resulted in a plankton bloom due to upwelling of nutrients. These dramatic environmental changes suggest a pivotal role of the impact in the end‐Cretaceous extinction.
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“The lithology of the target rocks collided by the Chicxulub asteroid led to a massive release of hundreds of Gigatonnes (Gt) of sulfates (21, 22, 51)”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Several modeling approaches have attempted to reproduce the climatic conditions at the K/Pg boundary (20–22), but none have so far quantified the abiotic effect on biological habitability.”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“Even assuming the highest intensity of sulfur injections caused by Deccan volcanism (and longest atmospheric residence times), the order of magnitude of these releases barely approaches the lowest estimates of release by the Chicxulub impactor (20–22).”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“These atmospheric contaminants led to prolonged sunlight screening and global cooling (19–22), with severe ecological cascade effects (4, 13, 23).”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“A stratospheric residence time of ∼6 y for the sulfate aerosol was implemented taking into account the longer hypothesized residence time of Pierazzo et al. (20) due to increased atmospheric stratification (21, 22) as a result of concurrent surface cooling and stratospheric warming (70).”
From Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction (2020) · cites this paper as [21]
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Citations
Cites
PHANEROZOIC BIODIVERSITY MASS EXTINCTIONS
Bambach, R. K. (2006) · Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences · doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.33.092203.122654 · Cited by 529
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Cited by
Asteroid impact, not volcanism, caused the end-Cretaceous dinosaur extinction
Chiarenza, A. A., Farnsworth, A., Mannion, P. D., Lunt, D. J., Valdes, P. J., Morgan, J. V., & Allison, P. A. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2006087117 · Cited by 228
Kadoya, S., Krissansen‐Totton, J., & Catling, D. C. (2020) · Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems · doi:10.1029/2019gc008734 · Cited by 72
“The dust injected into the stratosphere shields sunlight because of its high albedo, resulting in a decrease in the surface temperature (e.g., Brugger et al., 2017).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Brugger, J., Feulner, G., & Petri, S.
- Affiliations
- Earth System Analysis Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Potsdam Germany
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2017-01-13
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 419-427
- ISSN
- 0094-8276
- 1944-8007
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
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- Brugger, J., Feulner, G., & Petri, S. (2017). Baby, it's cold outside: Climate model simulations of the effects of the asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous. Geophysical Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl072241
