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Cited by 15Climate variability and modelsAtmospheric aerosols and cloudsClimate Change and Geoengineering

Regional Effects of the Mount Pinatubo Eruption on the Middle East and the Red Sea

Open access
Osipov, Sergey, Stenchikov, Georgiy·2017·Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
DOI 10.1002/2017jc013182
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Abstract

The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo had dramatic effects on the regional climate in the Middle East. Though acknowledged, these effects have not been thoroughly studied. To fill this gap and to advance understanding of the mechanisms that control variability in the Middle East's regional climate, we simulated the impact of the 1991 Pinatubo eruption using a regional coupled ocean‐atmosphere modeling system set for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) domain. We used the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐Sediment Transport (COAWST) framework, which couples the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) model with the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS). We modified the WRF model to account for the radiative effect of volcanic aerosols. Our coupled ocean‐atmosphere simulations verified by available observations revealed strong perturbations in the energy balance of the Red Sea, which drove thermal and circulation responses. Our modeling approach allowed us to separate changes in the atmospheric circulation caused by the impact of the volcano from direct regional radiative cooling from volcanic aerosols. The atmospheric circulation effect was significantly stronger than the direct volcanic aerosols effect. We found that the Red Sea response to the Pinatubo eruption was stronger and qualitatively different from that of the global ocean system. Our results suggest that major volcanic eruptions significantly affect the climate in the Middle East and the Red Sea and should be carefully taken into account in assessments of long‐term climate variability and warming trends in MENA and the Red Sea.

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  • Model estimates of the renewal times range from 19 to 90 years, while tracer studies indicate somewhat faster renewal times to about 26 years.

    “Model estimates of the renewal times range from 19 to 90 years, while tracer studies indicate somewhat faster renewal times to about 26 years33,42.”

    From The Red Sea Deep Water is a potent source of atmospheric ethane and propane (2020) · cites this paper as [42]

    Section 3.3 (page unavailable) estimates a deep-water residence time of 18.9 years, approximately the claimed 19-year lower bound. It does not give a 90-year model estimate or a 26-year tracer estimate; instead, it reports tracer-based estimates of 4.7 and about 36 years for different water masses. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The transfer from deep water to the surface can be relatively rapid due to the exceptionally effective vertical mixing of the Red Sea deep water and the outflows from the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba.

    “The transfer from deep water to the surface can be relatively rapid due to the exceptionally effective vertical mixing of the Red Sea deep water and the outflows from the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba that have been considered to be important for the RSDW renewal in the period 1982–200132,41,42.”

    From The Red Sea Deep Water is a potent source of atmospheric ethane and propane (2020) · cites this paper as [42]

    The Introduction identifies the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba as contributors to Red Sea deep-water formation, and §3.2 describes fast convective mixing between upper and deep waters. But the paper describes surface cooling penetrating downward into deep water, not rapid transfer of deep water to the surface; it also does not establish the claim's specific 1982–2001 renewal period. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Due to the weak stratification of the water column in the northern part of the basin, the convective mixing can be especially deep and reaches the sea floor.

    “Due to the weak stratification of the water column in the northern part of the basin, the convective mixing can be especially deep and reaches the sea floor42,44,45.”

    From The Red Sea Deep Water is a potent source of atmospheric ethane and propane (2020) · cites this paper as [42]

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Mlawer, E., & Clough, S. (1997). On the extension of rapid radiative transfer model to the shortwave region. In Proceedings of the sixth Atmo- spheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) science team meeting (pp. 223-226). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy.

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Authors
Osipov, S., & Stenchikov, G.
Affiliations
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (SA)
Corresponding author
Osipov, Sergey
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans
Publisher
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published
2017-11
Volume
122
Issue
11
Pages
8894-8912
ISSN
  • 2169-9275 (ISSN-L)
  • 2169-9291
DOI
10.1002/2017jc013182
OpenAlex
W2765340759
Cited by
15
References
69
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
FWCI
1.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
Funders
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Geoengineering
Keywords
Mount Pinatubo eruption, volcanic aerosols, volcanic forcing, Red Sea, radiative cooling, COAWST

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