The Efficacy of Psychological Treatments for Generalised Anxiety Disorder?
Abstract
This chapter contains section titled: Introduction The Jacobson Approach to Clinical Significance Overview of Psychological Treatments for GAD Method Outcome Measures Clinical Significance Criteria for the Stai-T and PSWQ Overview of Data Analysis Results Conclusions References
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At best, formal recovery rates at posttreatment of 56% (PSWQ) and 63% (trait-anxiety) have been achieved for CBT for GAD.
“At best, formal recovery rates at posttreatment of 56% (Penn State Worry Questionnaire, PSWQ, Meyer, Miller, Metzger, & Borkovec, 1990) and 63% (trait-anxiety) have been achieved (Fisher, 2006).”
From Metacognitive Theory and Therapy for Worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Review and Status (2010) · cites this paper as Fisher, 2006
Cognitive behavioural treatments for GAD show high variability in outcome, with substantial room for improvement.
“Summary quantitative analyses of these approaches show a high degree of variability in outcome with substantial room for improvements to be made.”
From Metacognitive Theory and Therapy for Worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Review and Status (2010) · cites this paper as Fisher, 2006
The recovery rate of 23% is lower than the rates reported in RCTs.
“However, a recovery rate of only 23% is lower than the rates reported in RCTs.”
From Psychological interventions for generalized anxiety disorder: Effects and predictors in a naturalistic outpatient setting (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
40%-50% of patients undergoing treatment fail to achieve the necessary level of improvement on self-report worry questionnaires to be considered recovered.
“However, it is important to note that 40%–50% of patients undergoing treatment fail to achieve the necessary level of improvement on self-report questionnaires of worry to be considered recovered [17, 18].”
From Psychological interventions for generalized anxiety disorder: Effects and predictors in a naturalistic outpatient setting (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
Treatments developed specifically for GAD lead to full remission in only about half to two-thirds of patients.
“given that treatments developed specifically for GAD lead to full remission in only about half to two-thirds of patients (Fisher, 2006)”
From A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied relaxation for adults with generalized anxiety disorder. (2010) · cites this paper as Fisher, 2006
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“Psychotropic medications and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) both appear to be effective for treating GAD (Anderson & Palm, 2006; Borkovec & Ruscio, 2001; Fisher, 2006).”
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“…change index ¼ 10, cut-off point 10 (Westbrook & Kirk, 2005); STAI-Trait: reliable change index ¼ 8, cut-point 45 (Fisher & Durham, 1999); PSWQ: reliable change index ¼ 7, cut-off point 47 (Fisher, 2006); BDI-II: reliable change index ¼ 8.46, cut-off point 14 (Seggar, Lambert, & Hansen, 2002).”
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“Documented rates of recovery following cognitive-behavioral treatment are in the order of 50–60% (Fisher, 2006), which suggests that there is still much to be understood about the factors involved in GAD, particularly the cognitive vulnerabilities that contribute to its maintenance and development.”
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“For example, a recent meta-analysis of prominent GAD treatment (predominantly individual therapy) studies by Fisher (2006) found that CBT produces modest rates of recovery for the key symptom of trait pathological worry.”
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“Despite the negative impact of GAD, recovery rates from traditional cognitive and behavioral approaches have been found to range from approximately 35–50%; recovery rates for other anxiety disorders have been found to exceed 70% (Barlow 2007; Fisher 2006).”
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“Although the past two decades have seen an increase in the number of empirical investigations of this disorder, GAD continues to be one of the most poorly understood and least effectively treated anxiety disorder (Brown et al. 1994; Fisher 2006).”
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“For Generalised Anxiety Disorder Borkovec’s Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is the best documented therapy (NEWMAN and BORKOVEC 1995), although the metacognitive approach by WELLS (1997) has in an initial trial proven to have a much higher efficacy (FISHER 2006).”
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“Following Jacobson and Truax (1991) and Fisher (2006), recovery (clinically significant change on the PSWQ) was calculated with the following criteria: cut-off = 47, reliable change index = 7.”
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“Moreover, recovery rates (on the STAI-T) were only poor, ranging from 17 to 30 % at posttreatment and 20–33 % at six months follow-up (Fisher 2006).”
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“It can be explained by that although STAI has been widely used in GAD clinical trials and has assessed some of the core of GAD, it might not directly assess the core characteristic of GAD that is difficult to control excessive concern about individuals (Fisher, 2006).”
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- Authors
- Fisher, P. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fisher, Peter L.
- ORCID
- Fisher, Peter L.
- Venue
- Worry and its Psychological Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-01
- Pages
- 359-377
- OpenAlex
- W1488525909
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, clinical significance, treatment outcome measures, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, treatment response criteria
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