Prefrontal and amygdala engagement during emotional reactivity and regulation in generalized anxiety disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background Emotion dysregulation is prominent in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), characterized clinically by exaggerated reactivity to negative stimuli and difficulty in down-regulating this response. Although limited research implicates frontolimbic disturbances in GAD, whether neural aberrations occur during emotional reactivity, regulation, or both is not well understood.Methods During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 30 individuals with GAD and 30 healthy controls (HC) completed a well-validated explicit emotion regulation task designed to measure emotional reactivity and regulation of reactivity. During the task, participants viewed negative images ('Look-Negative' condition) and, on some trials, used a cognitive strategy to reduce negative affective response ('Reappraise' condition).Results Results from an Analysis of Variance corrected for whole brain multiple comparisons showed a significant group x condition interaction in the left amygdala and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Results from post-hoc analyses showed that the GAD group engaged these regions to a greater extent than HCs during Look-Negative but not Reappraise. Behaviorally, the GAD group reported feeling more negative than the HC group in each condition, although both groups reported reduced negative affect following regulation.Limitations As comorbidity was permitted, the presence of concurrent disorders, like other anxiety disorders and depression, detracts our ability to classify neural engagement particular to GAD alone.Conclusions Individuals with GAD exhibited over-engagement of amygdala and frontal regions during the viewing of negative images, compared to HCs. Together, these aberrations may indicate that deficits in emotional reactivity rather than regulation contribute to emotion dysregulation in those with GAD.
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The present findings agree with prior work linking amygdala-ACC connectivity to short-term treatment response prediction.
“These findings are consistent with prior work implicating amygdala-ACC connectivity for prediction of short-term treatment response (Burklund et al., 2017; Fitzgerald et al., 2017; Månsson et al., 2015).”
From Changes in functional connectivity with cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder predict outcomes at follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as Fitzgerald et al., 2017
The Results (fMRI results; page unavailable) report correlations between amygdala and IFG activity, not amygdala–ACC connectivity or treatment-response prediction. Searches for short-term treatment response and ACC connectivity found no passage linking them; a reference title mentions amygdala and ACC activation and treatment response, but does not establish the claimed connectivity finding. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Gkintoni, E., & Ortíz, P. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11172446 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“The dorsal part of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dIPFC) plays a crucial role in cognitive control functions such as working memory (WM), attention regulation, and decision making [27].”
BackgroundInfluentialStructural and functional neuroimaging studies in generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review
Madonna, D., Delvecchio, G., Soares, J. C., & Brambilla, P. (2019) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0108 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Weber-Goericke, F., & Muehlhan, M. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.049 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Aberrant Functional Network Connectivity as a Biomarker of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Qiao, J.-P., Li, A., Cao, C., Wang, Z.-S., Sun, J.-D., & Xu, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00626 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Individuals with GAD exhibited over-engagement of amygdala and inferior frontal gyrus during the viewing of negative images on an emotion regulation task, compared to HC (Fitzgerald et al., 2017).”
BackgroundLiu, X., Klugah‐Brown, B., Zhang, R., Chen, H., Zhang, J., & Becker, B. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02157-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Deficits in top-down control play an important role in GAD and patients with GAD have demonstrated reduced GMV [33], altered activation [130] and dysfunctional connectivity [55] of this region.”
BackgroundWang, H., Zhang, X., Si, C., Xu, Y., Liu, Q., Bian, H., Zhang, B.-W., Li, X., & Yan, Z. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s165677 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Behavior studies have shown that patients with anxiety disorder can successfully down-regulate their negative emotion, 43,44 which may be in line with the above putative mechanism by which the activity of the dlPFC is not affected.”
Transdiagnostic neural correlates of volitional emotion regulation in anxiety and depression
Fitzgerald, J. M., Klumpp, H., Langenecker, S., & Phan, K. L. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22859 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“During fMRI scanning, participants completed a well-validated blockdesign Emotion Regulation Task (ERT) that utilized cognitive reappraisal as a regulation strategy (Fitzgerald et al., 2017; MacNamara et al., 2016; Phan et al., 2005; Rabinak et al., 2014).”
InfluentialSelf-citationSuarez, G. L., Burt, S. A., Gard, A. M., Burton, J. Z., Clark, D. A., Klump, K. L., & Hyde, L. W. (2022) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101061 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Moreover, the precentral gyrus has been implicated in socioemotional processes, including emotion regulation (Fitzgerald et al., 2017; Hallam et al., 2014) and face specificity and recognition (Watson et al., 2016).”
BackgroundPostpartum Stress and Neural Regulation of Emotion among First-Time Mothers
Grande, L. A., Olsavsky, A. K., Erhart, A., Dufford, A. J., Tribble, R. C., Phan, K. L., & Kim, P. (2021) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-021-00914-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationAltered functional connectivity of the amygdala in Crohn’s disease
Fan, Y., Bao, C., Wei, Y., Wu, J., Zhao, Y.-S., Zeng, X., Qin, W., Wu, H., & Liu, P. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00159-8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Crum, K. I., Hwang, S., Blair, K. S., Aloi, J. M., Meffert, H., White, S. F., Tyler, P. M., Leibenluft, E., Pope, K., & Blair, J. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720001397 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“However, in contrast to considerable previous works (Blair et al., 2012; Fitzgerald et al., 2017; Salum et al., 2013; Williams et al., 2015), anxiety did not relate to increased amygdala responses to negative stimuli The reasons for this lack are unclear though they may reflect either quality of the paradigm (Blair et…”
Distinct neural engagement during implicit and explicit regulation of negative stimuli
Fitzgerald, J. M., Kinney, K. L., Phan, K. L., & Klumpp, H. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.02.002 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationContrast avoidance model of worry and generalized anxiety disorder: A theoretical perspective
Rashtbari, A., & Saed, O. (2020) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2020.1800262 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Individuals with GAD experience heightened emotional reactivity in dealing with negative life events (Llera & Newman, 2014) and negative stimuli (Fitzgerald et al., 2017).”
BackgroundWang, L., Zhou, Q., Wang, K., Wang, H.-C., Hu, S., Yang, Y., Lin, Y., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.210201 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sandman, C. F., Young, K. S., Burklund, L. J., Saxbe, D. E., Lieberman, M. D., & Craske, M. G. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103612 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“These fi ndings are consistent with prior work implicating amygdala-ACC connectivity for prediction of short-term treatment response (Burklund et al., 2017; Fitzgerald et al., 2017; Månsson et al., 2015).”
ResultHigh-Resolution Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Extended Amygdala
Tomas, C. W., Huggins, A. A., Bennett, K. P., Parisi, E. A., & Larson, C. L. (2019) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2019.0688 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“This result is consistent with previous work that has established the role of a frontolimbic pathway in emotion regulation (Ball et al., 2013; Fitzgerald et al., 2017; Mako-vac et al., 2016).”
Chen, X., Guo, W., Yu, L., Luo, D., Xie, L., & Xu, J. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s314857 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Shen, Y., Wu, B., Yu, J., Mou, L., Wang, Z., & Shen, X. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104382 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Pawluk, E. J., Koerner, N., Kuo, J. R., & Antony, M. M. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102478 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Altered Task-Evoked Corticolimbic Responsivity in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Kim, N., & Kim, M. J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22073630 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“GAD patients showed diminished insula reactivity when they were asked to cognitively reappraise [44] or maintain [64] negative emotions during an emotion regulation paradigm.”
BackgroundNeural correlates of emotional reactivity and regulation in youth with and without anxiety
Padgaonkar, N., Uy, J. P., DePasque, S., Galván, A., & Peris, T. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23154 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…10 4.58 −10 8 2 3.69 Pallidum −16 −6 6 3.87 Right Thalamus 4 −8 8 3.65 4 −14 8 3.51 Left Frontal pole −10 64 26 4.65 225 −8 62 34 4 Right 4 62 36 4.06 (Continues) in anxious adults suggesting an overall heightened behavioral and neurobiological response to negative images (Fitzgerald et al., 2017).”
InfluentialJoshi, S. A., Duval, E. R., Sheynin, J., King, A. P. J., Phan, K. L., Martis, B., Porter, K. E., Liberzon, I., & Rauch, S. A. M. (2020) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111062 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Diminished top-down control of the amygdala by medial prefrontal regions (mPFC) is thought to contribute to overactive emotional reactivity (Fitzgerald et al., 2017; Javanbakht et al., 2015), and difficulty inhibiting responses to trauma-related stimuli (Heroux et al.”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationLi, W., Cui, H., Li, H., Colcombe, S. J., Smith, R. C., Cao, X., Pang, J., Hu, Q., Zhang, L., Yang, Z., et al. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114971 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales and Early Maladaptive Schemas in Depressive Disorders
Talarowska, M. E., Wysiadecki, G., & Chodkiewicz, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19138062 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“In contrast, neuroimaging studies indicate the involvement of analogous dysfunctions between the amygdala (the so-called emotional brain) and frontal lobes (the so-called rational brain) in the etiology of the same groups of disorders as mentioned above, i.e., generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) [45], borderline person…”
BackgroundChaudhary, S., Wong, H. K., Chen, Y. S., Zhang, S., & Li, C.-S. R. (2024) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-024-00591-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Another study noted greater left amygdala and inferior frontal gyrus activation in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder, as compared to healthy participants, viewing emotionally negative vs. neutral pictures [27].”
BackgroundXing, M., Lee, H., Morrissey, Z. D., Chung, M. K., Phan, K. L., Klumpp, H., Leow, A., & Ajilore, O. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.073 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“At the end of each trial, participants were asked to rate how negative they feel on a fi ve-point rating scale (1 ¼ not negative at all, 5 ¼ extremely negative patients have been reported using the same ERT task (Fitzgerald et al., 2017).”
MethodSelf-citationWu, M., Mennin, D. S., Ly, M. J., Karim, H. T., Banihashemi, L., Tudorascu, D., Aizenstein, H. J., & Andreescu, C. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.022 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Klumpp, H., Kinney, K. L., Bhaumik, R., & Fitzgerald, J. M. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718003148 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMnemonic Discrimination Under Stress and Its Clinical Relevance for Anxiety
Bernstein, E. E., Kleiman, E. M., & McNally, R. J. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702619834562 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…in those with severe anxiety (DeCarolis & Eisch, 2010) and dysregulation in the amygdala among individuals with or at risk for anxiety disorders (Fitzgerald et al., 2017), and fMRI research suggests some shared neurocircuitry between fear learning and pattern separation, with emphasis…”
BackgroundBauer, E., Wilson, K. A., Phan, K. L., Shankman, S. A., & MacNamara, A. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.009 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationTodeva-Radneva, A., Paunova, R., Kandilarova, S., & Stoyanov, D. (2020) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1568026620666200131095328 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Xie, C. P., Xue, C., Li, Y., Liu, X.-B., Zhong, D., Jin, Q., Li, J., & Jin, R. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.12.016 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Evrard, M. R., Li, M., Shen, H., & Smith, S. S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99965-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pang, X., Fan, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, T., Hou, Q., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Tian, Y., & Wang, K. (2024) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103640 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“The initial processing of handling distress information is performed by a brain circuit comprising central limbic regions (Fitzgerald et al., 2017).”
BackgroundRoknuzzaman, A. S. M., Qusar, M. S., Shahriar, M., Islam, S. M. A., & Islam, M. R. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-79166-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ince, S., Harrison, B. J., Felmingham, K. L., Jamieson, A. J., Davey, C. G., Agathos, J. A., Moffat, B. A., Glarin, R. K., & Steward, T. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03135-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“In human neuroimaging investigations, converging evidence has demonstrated increased amygdala co-activity and altered functional connectivity with SN in response to negative emotional stimuli in anxiety [42 – 44] and depression [4, 45, 46].”
Grabell, A. S., Santana, A. M., Thomsen, K. N., Gonzalez, K. N., Zhang, Z., Bivins, Z., & Rahman, T. (2022) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101112 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Toleson, S., Khazem, L. R., Jimmy, J., Kreutzer, K. A., Wagh, U., Bryan, C. J., & Gorka, S. M. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.033 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Jahed, S., Daneshvari, N. O., Liang, A. L., Richey, L. N., Bryant, B. R., Krieg, A. D., Bray, M. J. C., Pradeep, T., Luna, L., Trapp, N. T., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaclp.2021.09.001 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kinney, K. L., Burkhouse, K. L., Chang, F., MacNamara, A., Klumpp, H., & Phan, K. L. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102449 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationPickman, L. L., Gelkopf, M., & Greene, T. (2020) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2978 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Amygdala-insula response to neutral stimuli and the prospective prediction of anxiety sensitivity
MacDonald, S. E., Becker, C. R., & MacNamara, A. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111384 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Langenbach, B. P., Grotegerd, D., Mulders, P. C. R., Tendolkar, I., van Oort, J., Duyser, F. A., van Eijndhoven, P., Vrijsen, J. N., Dannlowski, U., Kampmann, Z., et al. (2024) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-024-00582-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“For these disorders, there is some evidence showing altered amygdala activation in reaction to emotional stimuli [17, 32, 39], even though results remain inconclusive [41].”
ResultZhang, Y., Duan, M., & He, H. (2024) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-024-00951-1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Furthermore, it is assumed that a deficient salience network (SN) is accompanied by inappropriate functional connectivity (FC) with the default mode network (DMN) and control network (CN) in excessive worry subjects (Ball et al., 2013; Blair et al., 2012; Fitzgerald et al., 2017).”
First-episode olfactory hallucination in a patient with anxiety disorder: A case report
Jiang, X., Yuan, Y., Li, Z., Ou, Y., & Li, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.990341 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Functional magnetic resonance imaging of patients with generalized anxiety disorder has confirmed the involvement of the prefrontal lobe and amygdala in disease pathogenesis (36), while abnormal activation of the amygdala and the orbitofrontal region has been observed in mood disorder (37).”
BackgroundShan, X., Yan, H., Li, H., Liu, F., Xie, G., Li, P., Zhao, J., & Guo, W. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.05.010 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2024) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2024.1750 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Neurobiologically, people with versus without GAD showed hyperactivity in the amygdala when seeing unpleasant pictures [80].”
BackgroundSchoonjans, E., Li, Z., Allaert, J., Wezenbeek, E., den Berghe, P. V., Helleputte, S., Smet, S. D., Raedt, R. D., & Vanderhasselt, M. (2025) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2025.104852 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jenkins, K. C., Khazem, L. R., Toleson, S., Kreutzer, K. A., Bryan, C. J., Jimmy, J., & Gorka, S. M. (2025) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.111949 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gura, H., Wiener, E., Beynel, L., Luber, B. M., & Lisanby, S. H. (2026) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-025-09757-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Wolf & Herringa, 2016), bipolar disorder (Bertocci et al., 2014), generalized anxiety disorder (Fitzgerald et al., 2017), and irritability (Lee et al., 2023). rt-fMRI-NF has been demonstrated to be effective in modulating amygdala activity and…”
Dindarian, S., Chaganti, J. R., Rafiei, N., & Faro, S. H. (2026) · Psychoradiology · doi:10.1093/psyrad/kkag004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…common to depression, OCD, and anxiety disorders, aligns with deficits in inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and goal-directed behavior (Fitzgerald et al. , 2017 ; McTeague et al. , 2020 ), while corticostriatal abnormalities characterize compulsivity in OCD (Harrison et al. , 2009 ;…”
Multiple dimensions approach in polysubstance use: An ESEM analysis based on the RDoC framework
Pereira-Rufino, L. D. S., Gobbo, D. R., Conte, R., Romano, R. M. D. S., Vissoto, T. C. S., da Conceição, M. C., Sato, J. R., Carrete, H., Fidalgo, T. M., Formigoni, M. L. O. D. S., et al. (2025) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2025.111959 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A minireview on the contrast avoidance model of worry and generalized anxiety disorder
Rashtbari, A., Yousefi, F., & Saed, O. (2019) · Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.29252/shenakht.6.4.37 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Jones, E. C., Jones, E. H., McNally, S. M., Sarles‐Whittlesey, H., Surprenant, B., Campbell, I., Oshri, A., & Sweet, L. H. (2022) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2023.2173149 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…(Brühl et al., 2014; Etkin & Wager, 2007; Gold et al., 2017); however, an association between anxious symptoms and amygdala hyperactivity has been most clearly supported (Bishop et al., 2004; Cools et al., 2005; Etkin et al., 2004; Evans et al., 2008; Fitzgerald et al., 2017; Stein et al., 2007).”
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“No alterations emerged in typical GAD regions like the amygdala (61, 62), hippocampus (63), ACC (64), or dorsomedial PFC (65).”
Neuroplasticity and the Breath
Valappil, I. N. K., Korol, A., Vasanthi, G., Elayaraja, M., & Govindasamy, K. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-4187-3.ch003
McDermott, T. J., Tsuchiyagaito, A., Ramirez, S., Cannon, M. J., Akeman, E., Touthang, J., Kirlić, N., Misaki, M., Paulus, M. P., & Aupperle, R. L. (2026) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122269
- Authors
- Fitzgerald, J. M., Phan, K. L., Kennedy, A. E., Shankman, S. A., Langenecker, S. A., & Klumpp, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fitzgerald, Jacklynn M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- 218
- Pages
- 398-406
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6608590
- OpenAlex
- W2610347929
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 7.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH101497, K23MH093679, T32MH067631)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR029879, S10RR028898)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, emotional reactivity, emotion regulation, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, cognitive reappraisal, negative affect, emotional dysregulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Amygdala, Anxiety Disorders, Brain, Brain Mapping, Emotions, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Case-Control Studies, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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