Can shame memories become a key to identity? The centrality of shame memories predicts psychopathology
Open accessAbstract
This study investigates the premise that a shame memory can become a central component of personal identity, a turning point in the life story and a reference point for everyday inferences. We assessed shame, centrality of shame memory, depression, anxiety, stress and traumatic stress reactions in 811 participants from general population (481 undergraduate students and 330 subjects from normal population) to explore the interactions between these variables. Results show that early shame experiences do indeed reveal centrality of memory characteristics. Furthermore, the centrality of shame memories is associated with current feelings of internal and external shame in adulthood. Key to our findings is that the centrality of shame memories shows a unique and independent contribution to depression, anxiety and stress prediction, even when controlling for shame measures. In addition, our results show that the centrality of shame memories is highly and positively associated with traumatic stress reactions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Parenting styles associated with overcontrol or overprotection, exposure to adverse social experiences with peers, such as bullying, social ostracism, or peer victimization, early relational traumatic experiences, and strong societal expectations to adhere to strict cultural norms contribute to the development of social anxiety and may also play a maintaining role.
“For instance, parenting styles associated with overcontrol or overprotection (152–154), exposure to adverse social experiences with peers, such as bullying, social ostracism, or peer victimization (152, 155, 156), early relational traumatic experiences (154, 157, 158) and strong societal expectations to adhere to strict cultural norms (159) contribute to the development of social anxiety and may”
From MDMA-Assisted Therapy as a Means to Alter Affective, Cognitive, Behavioral, and Neurological Systems Underlying Social Dysfunction in Social Anxiety Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [156]
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- Authors
- Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Matos, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Coimbra (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Matos, Marcela
- ORCID
- Matos, Marcela
- Venue
- Applied Cognitive Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 281-290
- ISSN
- 0888-4080 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2102168225
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 14.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Applied Cognitive Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- personal identity, internalized shame, external shame, depression, anxiety, stress, traumatic stress reactions, psychopathology
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