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Soft Core/Shell Packages for Stretchable Electronics
Open accessAbstract
This paper presents materials and core/shell architectures that provide optimized mechanical properties in packages for stretchable electronic systems. Detailed experimental and theoretical studies quantitatively connect the geometries and elastic properties of the constituent materials to the overall mechanical responses of the integrated systems, with a focus on interfacial stresses, effective modulus, and maximum extent of elongation. Specific results include core/shell designs that lead to peak values of the shear and normal stresses on the skin that remain less than 10 kPa even for applied strains of up to 20%, thereby inducing minimal somatosensory perception of the device on the human skin. Additional, strain‐limiting mesh structures embedded in the shell improve mechanical robustness by protecting the active components from strains that would otherwise exceed the fracture point. Demonstrations in precommercial stretchable electronic systems illustrate the utility of these concepts.
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“These elastomeric microfluidic devices exhibited an effective modulus of ~0.16 MPa, comparable to human skin and previously reported epidermal devices (37, 38).”
From A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
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“The maximum normal and shear stresses at the device/phantom skin interface were far below the threshold for somatosensory perception of forces (20 kPa) during ~30% stretch of the skin (fig. S4) (37).”
From A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
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Self-citationUltrathin conformal devices for precise and continuous thermal characterization of human skin
Webb, R. C., Bonifas, A. P., Behnaz, A., Zhang, Y., Yu, K. J., Cheng, H., Shi, M., Bian, Z., Liu, Z., Kim, Y.-S., et al. (2013) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3755 · Cited by 1,229
Self-citationSoft Microfluidic Assemblies of Sensors, Circuits, and Radios for the Skin
Xu, S., Zhang, Y., Jia, L., Mathewson, K. E., Jang, K.-I., Kim, J., Fu, H., Huang, X., Chava, P., Wang, R., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1250169 · Cited by 1,199
Self-citationSoft network composite materials with deterministic and bio-inspired designs
Jang, K., Chung, H. U., Xu, S. H., Lee, C. H., Luan, H., Jeong, J., Cheng, H., Kim, G.-T., Han, S. Y., Lee, J., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7566 · Cited by 540
Self-citationKim, D., Kim, Y., Wu, J. C., Liu, Z., Song, J., Kim, H., Huang, Y. Y., Hwang, K., & Rogers, J. A. (2009) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200900405 · Cited by 403
Self-citationStretchable GaAs Photovoltaics with Designs That Enable High Areal Coverage
Lee, J., Wu, J. C., Shi, M., Yoon, J., Park, S., Li, M., Liu, Z., Huang, Y. Y., & Rogers, J. A. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201003961 · Cited by 318
Self-citationCapacitive Epidermal Electronics for Electrically Safe, Long‐Term Electrophysiological Measurements
Jeong, J., Kim, M. K., Cheng, H., Yeo, W., Huang, X., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Huang, Y., & Rogers, J. A. (2014) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201300334 · Cited by 288
Self-citationHuman Pressure Perception Values for Constant and Moving One- and Two-Point Discrimination
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Kaneko, A., Asai, N., & Kanda, T. (2005) · Journal of Hand Therapy · doi:10.1197/j.jht.2005.09.010 · Cited by 56
A strain-isolation design for stretchable electronics
Wu, J. C., Li, M., Chen, W., Kim, D., Kim, Y., Huang, Y.-G., Hwang, K., Kang, Z., & Rogers, J. A. (2010) · Acta Mechanica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s10409-010-0384-x · Cited by 40
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Wang S., 2012, J. Appl. Mech. Trans. ASME, 79
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Sorted by citations
Lab-on-Skin: A Review of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Health Monitoring
Liu, Y., Pharr, M., & Salvatore, G. A. (2017) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b04898 · Cited by 1,725
A soft, wearable microfluidic device for the capture, storage, and colorimetric sensing of sweat
Koh, A., Kang, D., Xue, Y., Lee, S., Pielak, R. M., Kim, J., Hwang, T., Min, S., Banks, A., Bastien, P., et al. (2016) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2593 · Cited by 1,308
Self-citationHybrid 3D Printing of Soft Electronics
Valentine, A. D., Busbee, T. A., Boley, J. W., Raney, J. R., Chortos, A., Kotikian, A., Berrigan, J. D., Durstock, M. F., & Lewis, J. A. (2017) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201703817 · Cited by 707
Materials and Structures toward Soft Electronics
Wang, C., Wang, C., Huang, Z., & Xu, S. H. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201801368 · Cited by 684
Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Digital Healthcare
Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., Cai, S., Han, Z., Liu, X., Wang, F., Cao, Y., Wang, Z., Li, H., Chen, Y., et al. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201902062 · Cited by 620
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, C. H., Ma, Y., Jang, K., Banks, A., Pan, T., Feng, X., Kim, J. S., Kang, D., Raj, M. S., McGrane, B. L., Morey, B., Wang, X., Ghaffari, R., Huang, Y., & Rogers, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- MC10 (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Yonggang
- Rogers, John A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Functional Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-05-15
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 3698-3704
- ISSN
- 1616-301X (ISSN-L)
- 1616-3028
- OpenAlex
- W1501095414
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 16
- FWCI
- 8.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- Advanced Functional Materials (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- KAIST Institutional Repository (KAIST) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DEFG0207ER46471)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Advanced Materials and Mechanics
- Keywords
- stretchable electronics, interfacial stress, effective moduli, somatosensory perception, mechanical robustness, elastic properties
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