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Wireless Power Delivery Techniques for Miniature Implantable Bioelectronics
Open accessAbstract
Progress in implanted bioelectronic technology offers the opportunity to develop more effective tools for personalized electronic medicine. While there are numerous clinical and pre‐clinical applications for these devices, power delivery to these systems can be challenging. Wireless battery‐free devices offer advantages such as a smaller and lighter device footprint and reduced failures and infections by eliminating lead wires. However, with the development of wireless technologies, there are fundamental tradeoffs between five essential factors: power, miniaturization, depth, alignment tolerance, and transmitter distance, while still allowing devices to work within safety limits. These tradeoffs mean that multiple forms of wireless power transfer are necessary for different devices to best meet the needs for a given biological target. Here six different types of wireless power transfer technologies used in bioelectronic implants—inductive coupling, radio frequency, mid‐field, ultrasound, magnetoelectrics, and light—are reviewed in context of the five tradeoffs listed above. This core group of wireless power modalities is then used to suggest possible future bioelectronic technologies and their biological applications.
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“Radio Frequency (RF) technology employs far-field electromagnetic waves in the MHz and GHz range to wirelessly transmit energy and data over greater distances to brain implants differentiating it from the near-field magnetic fields utilized in inductive coupling and the intermediate-range operations of Midfield Transfer (MDF).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021
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“To tackle the issue of alignment sensitivity, there is a push toward the development of ‘smart’ MDF systems equipped with real-time alignment correction capabilities (Singer and Robinson, 2021).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021
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“Inductive coupling requires relatively short distances between the transmitter and receiver for optimal power transfer (Singer and Robinson, 2021).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021
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“An external transmitter generates these waves, captured by an antenna connected to an internal receiver in the implant, where it is converted to electrical power (Chow et al., 2013; Singer and Robinson, 2021).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021
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“To mitigate these losses, wireless systems might need increased power output, but this is constrained by safety regulations to avoid excessive heat or electromagnetic field exposure, ultimately affecting the maximum usable power for the implant (Singer and Robinson, 2021).”
From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Singer and Robinson, 2021
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Sorted by citations
A wireless millimetric magnetoelectric implant for the endovascular stimulation of peripheral nerves
Chen, J., Kan, P. T. M., Yu, Z., Alrashdan, F. T., Garcia, R., Singer, A. L., Lai, C. S. E., Avants, B., Crosby, S., Li, Z., et al. (2022) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-022-00873-7 · Cited by 237
Self-citationMiniature battery-free bioelectronics
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Advancements in Wearable and Implantable BioMEMS Devices: Transforming Healthcare Through Technology
Abhinav, V., Basu, P., Verma, S. S., Verma, J., Das, A., Kumari, S., Yadav, P. R., & Kumar, V. (2025) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi16050522 · Cited by 106
Metadata
- Authors
- Singer, A., & Robinson, J. T.
- Affiliations
- Rice University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Robinson, Jacob T.
- Venue
- Advanced Healthcare Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-06-10
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- e2100664-e2100664
- ISSN
- 2192-2640 (ISSN-L)
- 2192-2659
- PMC
- PMC8754427
- OpenAlex
- W3172743862
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Advanced Healthcare Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rice Research Repository (Rice University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (ECCS‐2023849)
- National Institutes of Health (1U18EB029353‐01)
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (FA8650‐21‐2‐7119)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- wireless power transfer, implantable bioelectronics, battery-free devices, inductive coupling, radio frequency power transfer, device miniaturization, misalignment tolerance
- MeSH terms
- Electronics, Miniaturization, Electric Power Supplies, Prostheses and Implants, Wireless Technology
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