Rational Design of NIR‐II Fluorescence/Photoacoustic Nanosensor Tailored for Mechanisms of Diabetes‐Related Breast Cancer
Open accessAbstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer induced death worldwide. Current statistics has disclosed that the diabetic BC patients have significantly worse survival rate compared with nondiabetic BC patients. However, the specific mechanism is still being explored. Herein, a novel NIR‐II nanosensor DNPS for nitric oxide (NO) with fluorescence/photoacoustic (FL/PA) imaging capability is developed to explore the mechanism by which diabetes promoting breast cancer progression. In diabetic BC model, DNPS exhibits great advantages of low intrinsic background, high sensitivity, and deep tissue penetration and successfully confirmed the expression level of NO is higher than BC model, indicating that diabetes causes elevated nitric oxide levels in the tumor microenvironment. RNA‐seq analysis results show that hyperglycemia caused by diabetes leads to weakened immune response and initiates the transcription and translation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene to produce NO. Besides, the increased expression of carcinogens related to Nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), such as Spp1, Mmp11, and Kitl, causes breast cancer to develop more rapidly. Here, NIR‐II imaging probe is applied first to study diabetes‐related breast cancer and certain reference value is provided for subsequent research on the mechanism of diabetes promoting the progression of breast cancer.
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The DNO design combined advantages of fluorescence and PA imaging, including low background, high sensitivity, and deep tissue penetration, surpassing single-modal approaches.
“This design combined the advantages of fluorescence and PA imaging, including low background, high sensitivity, and deep tissue penetration, thereby surpassing single-modal approaches.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
In the diabetes-related breast cancer model, DNO NPs enabled detection of intratumoral NO expression levels.
“In the diabetes-related breast cancer model, DNO NPs successfully enabled the detection of intratumoral NO expression levels”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
Li et al. developed a nitric oxide-activatable NIR-II fluorescent/PA dual-modal sensor DNO.
“Li et al. developed a nitric oxide (NO)-activatable NIR-II fluorescent/PA dual-modal sensor, DNO (Fig. 15b)108.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
Hyperglycemia induced by diabetes directly elevated NO concentrations within the tumor microenvironment.
“confirming that hyperglycemia induced by diabetes directly elevated NO concentrations within the tumor microenvironment (TME).”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
DNO operated via an intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism, enabling an off/on fluorescence switch.
“It operated via an intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism, enabling an “off/on” fluorescence switch.”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
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- Authors
- Zhang, R., Ran, X., Yu, K., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., Lv, X., Zhang, H., Yu, X., & Li, K.
- Affiliations
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
- Sichuan University (CN)
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University (CN)
- Xihua University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Kun
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2025-01-05
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e2415891-e2415891
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- OpenAlex
- W4406112312
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 12
- FWCI
- 6.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20308, 22077088)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Molecular Sensors and Ion Detection
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Keywords
- NIR-II fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, nitric oxide detection, fluorescent nanosensor, tumor microenvironment, inducible nitric oxide synthase, hyperglycemia, antitumor immunity, NOS2, osteopontin, MMP11, Kitl
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Fluorescence, Humans, Infrared Rays, Nitric Oxide, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Photoacoustic Techniques, Optical Imaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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